Chapter 19 Reading Quiz

1. What was the origin of all chloroplasts? a. A single cyanobacterium b. A group of cyanobacteria c. A single green alga d. A group of green algae

a. A single cyanobacterium

4. Refer to the table. Which statement about the organisms shown in the table is true? a. They all share a common protist-like ancestor. b. They all share the same rRNA sequences. c. They are all multicellular organisms. d. They all evolved at the same time.

a. They all share a common protist-like ancestor.

5. Which are not monophyletic? a. Diplomonads b. Microbial eukaryotes c. Animals d. Red algae e. Plants

b. Microbial eukaryotes

3. What would a biologist look for in order to determine whether a chloroplast in a cell evolved as the result of primary endosymbiosis or secondary endosymbiosis? a. The presence of chloroplast DNA b. The number of membranes in the chloroplast c. The size of the chloroplast d. The number of chloroplasts in a single cell

b. The number of membranes in the chloroplast

Which came first in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell? a. Formation of mitochondria b. Increasing complexity of the cytoskeleton c. Development of a flexible cell surface d. Loss of the cell wall e. An episode of endosymbiosis

c. Development of a flexible cell surface

7. A flexible cell membrane makes which possible for protists? a. Ability to maintain osmotic balance in hypotonic conditions b. Development of a nucleus c. Endocytosis d. Cytoskeletal evolution e. Development of endoplasmic reticulum

c. Endocytosis

10. During the evolution of early life on Earth, increasing concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere were advantageous to _______ containing _______. a. prokaryotes; chloroplasts b. prokaryotes; mitochondria c. eukaryotes; mitochondria d. eukaryotes; chloroplasts e. prokaryotes; mitochondria and chloroplasts

c. eukaryotes; mitochondria

2. Which phrase could be used in a description of secondary endosymbiosis? a. A prokaryote engulfing a prokaryote b. A prokaryote engulfing a eukaryote c. A eukaryote engulfing a prokaryote d. A eukaryote engulfing a eukaryote

d. A eukaryote engulfing a eukaryote

9. The overall size that unicellular microbial eukaryotes can achieve is limited primarily by their a. energy-producing potential. b. metabolism. c. mitochondria. d. surface area-to-volume ratio. e. chloroplasts.

d. surface area-to-volume ratio.

8. Which was not an essential step in the evolution of eukaryotic cells? a. The development of a nuclear envelope b. The development of a cytoskeleton c. The endosymbiotic acquisition of certain organelles d. The development of a flexible cell surface e. The development of the first ribosomes for protein translation

e. The development of the first ribosomes for protein translation