Chapter 2

The ________ is the body's system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

endocrine system

If you run a marathon, your body will release ___________to elevate your mood and reduce your pain.

endorphins

Don't worry - fear can not give you indigestion.

false

Lucas had been binge watching a television show most of the evening and he eventually started to drift off to sleep. During an especially violent scene in the show, there were loud explosions which jolted him awake. This was due to the secretion of oxytocin.

false

The human brain is larger than that of any other animal

false

The somatic nervous system controls activities such as heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and dilation of the pupils.

false

__________ form a fatty substance called myelin.

glial cells

Jakob is always too warm and perspires frequently. Which of the following structures is most responsible for him being too warm?

hypothalamus

The __________ is an oblong area of the hindbrain involved in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure, movement, and respiration.

medulla

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the deficient hormone. Emily has _______ deficiency.

melatonin

Messages from the brain or spinal cord are transmitted to muscles or glands through

motor neurons

A neuron sends _______ to relay its message to another neuron.

neurotransmitters

The __________ lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."

pituitary gland

This neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and emotional states, among other behaviors.

serotonin

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

John recently suffered a blow to his head. Since then, he finds it difficult to comprehend what others say to him. He also finds it difficult to express his thoughts and cannot seem to find the right words to say while speaking. However, he can speak freely with proper syntax. In this scenario, John is most likely suffering from

Wernicke's aphasia

A neuron has a(n) _______ that extends like a trunk from the cell body

axon

While returning from the grocery store, Bob was held at gunpoint by two men who wanted to rob him of his belongings. Bob had never been in a fight before, yet he could feel his heartbeat rapidly rise, along with a sudden urge to fight the two men. This involuntary increase in Bob's heartbeat and his immediate urge to fight the men are controlled by the __________.

sympathetic nervous system

A synaptic gap is the __________.

tiny opening between the sending and receiving neuron

A brain cell can send out hundreds of messages each second and manage to catch some rest in between

true

A single cell can stretch all the way from your spine to your toe.

true

Charles Darwin was nearly excluded from the voyage that led to the development of his theory of evolution because the captain of the ship did not like the shape of his nose.

true

If a surgeon were to stimulate a certain part of your brain electrically, you might swear that someone had stroked your leg.

true

Messages travel in the brain by means of electricity.

true

The left hemisphere of the brain is relatively more involved in tasks that require logic and problem solving than the right hemisphere.

true