Chapter 2

77) Which of the following is a network standards architecture? A) ISO. B) OSI. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

82) Which of the following is a standard? A) TCP/IP. B) IP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

83) Which of the following is a standards agency for TCP/IP? A) ITU-T. B) IETF. C) OSI. D) None of the above

B

84) TCP/IP became dominant in corporations primarily because of ________. A) its use on the Internet B) its relatively simple standards, which led to low costs C) a government mandate D) All of the above

B

85) Most IETF documents are called ________. A) official internet standards B) TCP/IP standards C) RFCs D) None of the above

B

86) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer(s). A) physical B) internet C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

87) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer(s). A) data link B) transport C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

57) How many bytes will it take to transmit "Brain Dead" without the quotation marks? A) 2 B) 3 C) 9 D) None of the above

D

58) How many bytes will it take to transmit "Can you hear me now?" without the quotation marks? A) 5 B) 6 C) 10 D) None of the above

D

68) ________ is placing a message in the data field of another message. A) Encryption B) Vertical communication C) Layering D) Encapsulation

D

7) If the destination host does not receive a segment, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RSND segment D) None of the above

D

8) If the destination host receives a segment that has an error, it will ________. A) transmit an ACK segment B) transmit a NAC segment C) transmit an RST segment D) None of the above

D

81) Which of the following is an architecture? A) IP. B) TCP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

D

88) TCP/IP is dominant at the ________ layer(s). A) physical B) data link C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

D

9) A sending host will retransmit a TCP segment if ________. A) it receives an ACK segment B) it receives a NAC segment C) RPT D) None of the above

D

An HTTP response message usually has a ________.

Data Field

In a four-step close, which side transmits a FIN segment?

Either Side

If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, this means that it is given the value ________.

1

In an HTTP, which one (browser or Webserver application program) transmits message first?

Browser

15) Messages always have data fields.

F

25) Ethernet detects errors but does not correct them. Therefore, Ethernet is reliable.

F

29) Routers make forward decisions based on a packet's source IP address.

F

31) IP is reliable.

F

32) IP detects errors but does not correct them. Therefore, IP is reliable.

F

45) The application layer standard always is HTTP.

F

5) In HTTP, a server may initiate an interaction with the client.

F

50) Nearly all application standards are simple, like HTTP

F

51) In HTTP, most response message header fields consist of a keyword, an equal sign, and the value for the keyword.

F

59) Binary counting usually begins at 1.

F

61) If you have a field with N bits, you can represent N^2 items.

F

74) A corporate network can use either OSI standards at all layers or TCP/IP standards at all layers, but cannot use OSI standards at some layers and TCP/IP standards at other layers.

F

TCP has six single-bit fields in headers and these single-bit fields are called ________ fields.

Flag

The UDP ________ is .

(unreliable and has a checksum field)

28) How long are IPv4 addresses? A) 4 octets. B) 6 octets. C) 20 octets. D) 32 octets.

A

4) How a message is organized or its structure is its ________. A) syntax B) semantics C) order D) Both A and B

A

40) On a server, well-known port numbers indicate ________. A) applications B) connections with client computers C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

A

On a server, well-known port numbers indicate ________.

Applications

11) After the side wishing to close a TCP connection sends a FIN segment, it will ________. A) not send any more segments B) only send ACK segments C) only send FIN segments D) None of the above

B

19) "Octet" is the same as ________. A) "bit" B) "byte" C) Either A or B, depending on the context D) Neither A nor B

B

20) Eui-48 addresses are ________. A) 32 bits long B) 48 bits long C) 128 bits long D) None of the above

B

21) Ethernet addresses are ________ long. A) 4 octets B) 6 octets C) 32 octets D) 48 octets

B

30) Routers make packet forwarding decisions based on a packet's ________. A) source IP address B) destination IP address C) Both A and B

B

35) One-bit fields are called ________ fields. A) binary B) flag C) ACK D) None of the above

B

36) If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, this means that it is given the value ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) Either A or B D) Neither A nor B

B

39) UDP checks messages for errors but does not correct them. UDP is ________. A) reliable B) unreliable C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

41) On a client, ephemeral port numbers indicate ________. A) applications B) connections with servers C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

42) The range 1024 to 4999 is the usual range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) Both A and B

B

47) Which layer has more standards? A) Internet. B) Application. C) Both of the above have about the same number of standards.

B

52) In HTTP, the end of a header field is indicated by a ________. A) byte position B) CRLF C) colon D) blank line

B

69) After the internet layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) transport B) data link C) physical D) None of the above

B

73) Which of the following is a network standards architecture? A) ISO. B) TCP/IP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

76) Which of the following is a standards agency for OSI? A) IETF. B) ITU-T. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

B

In HTTP, which program may initiate communication

Browser

1) Network standards are also called protocols.

T

14) The header is defined as everything that comes before the data field.

T

16) The trailer is defined as everything that comes after the data field.

T

18) Headers usually are divided into fields.

T

33) To handle internetwork transmission control tasks that IP cannot handle, the IETF created TCP.

T

37) If the ACK bit is set, the acknowledgement number field MUST have a value.

T

Convert decimal 8 to binary

1000

A 7-bit field can represent ________ alternatives or different combinations.

128

The five senses can be represented with a ________-bit field.

3

Convert the binary number 100 to decimal.

4

The UDP has ( ) Fields.

4

12) Which of the following is not one of the three general parts of messages? A) Address field. B) Header. C) Data field. D) Trailer.

A

24) Ethernet does ________. A) error detection B) error correction C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

A

48) At which layer would you find standards for requesting videos from a video sharing site such as YouTube? A) Application. B) Transport. C) Internet. D) None of the above

A

49) At which layer would you find file transfer protocol standards for downloading files? A) Application. B) Transport. C) Internet. D) None of the above

A

53) An HTTP request message usually has a ________. A) header B) data field C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

A

54) An HTTP response message usually has a ________. A) trailer B) data field C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

A

56) At what layer is encoding done? A) Application. B) Transport. C) Internet. D) None of the above

A

60) In binary, 13 is 1101. What is 14? A) 1110 B) 1111 C) Neither A nor B

A

67) A codec ________. A) encodes voice signals into analog signals B) encodes voice signals into binary signals C) compresses the signal D) Both B and C

A

70) After the data link layer process does encapsulation, it passes the IP packet to the ________ layer process. A) physical B) internet C) transport D) None of the above

A

71) Which layer process does not do encapsulation when an application layer process transmits a message? A) Physical. B) Data link. C) Internet. D) All do encapsulation.

A

Which of the following is inside the header of messages?

Address Field

10) The side wishing to close a TCP segment sends a(n) ________ segment. A) SYN B) ACK C) FIN D) None of the above

C

13) The ________ contains the content being delivered by a message. A) address field B) header C) data field D) trailer

C

2) Standards govern ________. A) semantics B) syntax C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

C

22) ________ read(s) the destination MAC address in an Ethernet frame. A) The destination host B) Switches in the network C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

C

26) In an IP header, the first bit in the second row is bit ________. A) 0 B) 31 C) 32 D) None of the above

C

38) Which of the following has a header checksum field? A) TCP. B) UDP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

C

55) Converting application messages into bits is called ________. A) encapsulation B) encryption C) encoding D) conversion

C

6) Host P transmits a SYN to Host Q. If host Q is willing to open the connection, it will transmit a(n) ________ segment. A) ACK B) SYN C) SYN/ACK D) None of the above

C

62) A 5-bit field can represent ________ alternatives. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) 64

C

64) A 7-bit field can represent ________ alternatives. A) 14 B) 49 C) 128 D) 256

C

65) To represent 65 alternatives, your alternatives field would have to be ________ bits long. A) 5 B) 6 C) 7 D) 8

C

66) The electrical signal generated by a microphone is called a(n) ________ signal. A) binary B) digital C) analog D) Either A or B

C

75) What is the dominant network standards architecture in most real firms today? A) OSI. B) TCP/IP. C) Neither A nor B

C

For every conversation, a client randomly generates an ephemeral port number for ________.

Conversations

23) If the destination host finds an error in an Ethernet frame, it ________. A) sends back a NAK B) retransmits the frame C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

D

27) How long are IPv4 addresses? A) 32 octets. B) 48 bits. C) 20 octets. D) None of the above

D

3) The meaning of a message is referred to as the message's ________. A) protocol B) order C) value D) semantics

D

34) TCP messages are called ________. A) frames B) fragments C) packets D) None of the above

D

43) 6,000 is in the range for ________ port numbers. A) well-known B) ephemeral C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B

D

44) An IP address, a colon, and a port number constitute a(n) ________. A) well-known port number B) ephemeral port number C) connection D) socket

D

46) Which of the following layers has the most standards? A) Data link. B) Internet. C) Transport. D) Application.

D

Which of the following is a socket?

Neither 80 or 21

63) Increasing an alternatives field length by one bit always doubles the number of alternatives it can represent.

T

72) Network standards architectures break the standards functionality needed for communication into layers and define the functions of each layer.

T

90) Almost all applications, regardless of what standards architecture they come from, can run over TCP/IP standards at the internet and transport layers.

T

Which part of a message is less often in a message compared to the other two parts?

Trailer