Chapter 2

Children's problems must be considered in the context of their ____.

all of these

Individual differences in emotion ____ account for differing responses to a stressful environment.

reactivity

Isabella is 3 years old, and frequently demands attention, overreacts, and refuses to go to bed. These behaviors are considered ____.

typical because of her age

According to Bronfenberger's ecological model of environmental influences, which influence plays a role in the child's life?

All of the above

The child-caregiver role helps children explore their own emotions. Which style of parenting allows for the healthiest development of the child?

Authoritative

____ models portray the child's environment as a series of nested and interconnected structures.

Ecological

Which part of the brain is most responsible for regulating our emotional experiences, expressions, and impulses?

Limbic system

_______ relates to how children think about themselves and others, resulting in mental representations of themselves, relationships, and their social world.

Social cognition

____ theorists emphasize attributional biases, modeling, and cognitions in their explanation of abnormal behavior.

Social learning

Brett is an aggressive preschooler, who often bites other children and throws toys at his teacher. When Brett finished 3rd grade, he was asked to find another school to attend since he had repeatedly hit his classmates and kicked the principal. Brett's behavioral patterns are an example of

abnormal behavior

Sharon is a psychologist who is using the ABA method with her client Katie, a difficult 6-year-old. As an ABA therapist, Sharon would focus on

behavior, antecedents, and consequences.

The ____ gives us the distinct qualities that make us human and allows us to think about the future, to be playful, and to be creative.

cerebral cortex

The role that a child's primary caretaker has in terms of that child's brain development is crucial, since those early experiences form the part of the brain that is responsible for their__.

emotion, personality, and behavior

Attachment theory considers crying (in an infant) to be a behavior that ____.

enhances relationships with the caregiver

The _________ lobes contain the functions underlying much of our thinking and reasoning abilities.

frontal

Etiology refers to the ____ of childhood disorders.

possible root causes

The neurotransmitter implicated in regulatory problems, such as eating and sleep disorders, is ____

serotonin

Temperament ____.

shapes a child's approach to the environment and vice versa

Molecular geneticists focus on finding a specific gene for childhood disorder, while behavioral geneticists ____.

study the possible connection between genetic predisposition and behavior

John Bowlby's research on attachment showed that a child who has a secure attachment with a caregiver generally leads to

the development of a child's positive internal working model.