Chapter 2

In the context of perception, which of the following terms is best described as the explanations people develop for the characteristics, behaviors, or actions to which they attend? A) attribution B) single-loop learning C) self-fulfilling prophecy D) fundamental attribution error

A) attribution

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief undergirds how one balances active participation in the events of one's life with alternating periods of observation, reflection, detachment, and rest? A) flaneur B) learning C) authenticity D) reverence

A) flaneur

________ describe leadership situations and are used as vehicles for leadership discussions. A) in-basket exercises B) simulations C) case studies D) games

C) case studies

Which of the following involves participants being given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, phone messages, and letters from a fictitious manager's in-basket? A) virtual simulations B) role playing C) in-basket exercises D) case studies

C. In basket exercises

Unlike traditional training programs, action learning A) inherently involves time away from immediate job responsibilities. B) makes transfer back to the actual work situation more difficult. C) requires personnel who participate in leadership development activities to attend classes for several weeks. D) often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges.

D) often is conducted in teams of work colleagues who are addressing real company challenges

People who are observing an action are much more likely than the actor to make the fundamental attribution error. This is called A) stereotyping. B) the self-serving bias. C) the ultimate attribution error. D) the actor/observer difference.

D) the actor/observer difference

Experience is just a matter of what events happen to you.

False

In single-loop learning, individuals tend to learn about subjects outside the comfort zone of their belief systems.

False

Informal mentoring programs occur when an organization assigns a relatively inexperienced but high-potential leader to one of the top executives in the company.

False

Mentoring is the same as coaching.

False

Which of the following statements is true of informal coaching? A) It is unsuccessful in helping leadership practitioners diagnose why behavioral changes fail to occur. B) It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors. C) It is an inefficient model to be used by senior executives to develop the skills of their staff. D) It is more effective for high-performing followers than for low-performing followers.

It takes place whenever a leader helps followers to change their behaviors

The most productive way to develop as a leader is to travel along the spiral of experience.

True

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental factors when others fail is called the fundamental attribution error.

True

The times when people most need to break out of the mold created by past learning patterns are the times when they are most unwilling to do so.

True

Useful information about a leader's strengths and development needs is most likely provided by 360-degree feedback.

True

Which of the following involves a willingness to confront your own views and an invitation to others to do so, too? A) the fundamental attribution error B) double-loop learning C) the self-fulfilling prophecy D) single-loop learning

B) double loop learning

Jonathan, a front desk executive at Read Books Inc., handled 40 customer calls per day. He was then sent to a training program last month to improve his communication skills, which cost the organization $500. This month, Read Books observes that his growth is positive and substantial and that he is able to handle 60 customer calls per day. His productivity has increased by $700. This scenario most likely exemplifies A) action learning. B) return on investment. C) the constructionist approach. D) the heroic theory.

B) return on investment

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following webs of belief is associated with respecting and caring for all creation, and honoring the needs and identities of everyone in every culture? A) purpose B) reverence C) flaneur D) authenticity

B) reverence

The tendency to overestimate the dispositional causes of behavior and underestimate the environmental causes when others fail is called A) single-loop learning. B) the fundamental attribution error. C) the self-fulfilling prophecy. D) double-loop learning.

B) the fundamental attribution error

People do not see everything that happens in a particular leadership situation, nor do they hear everything; instead they are selective in what they attend to and what they, in turn, understand. A phenomenon that demonstrates this selectivity is called A) the stereotype threat. B) perceptual set. C) the glass cliff. D) action learning.

B) the perceptual set

Leadership development is enhanced when an experience involves three processes, which are A) causation, vision, and listening. B) perception, attribution, and learning. C) action, observation, and reflection. D) action, behavior, and consequence.

C) Action, observation, and reflection

Which of the following fundamental archetypes of leadership is most likely to take risks and action in a crisis? A) The Teacher-Mentor archetype B) The Visionary-Alchemist archetype C) The Warrior-Knight archetype D) The Revolutionary-Crusader archetype

C) Warrior-knight archetype

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, which of the following web is the foundation for leaders to function in complex, uncertain, and changing environments where leadership solutions to challenges depend on mutual trust and respect among parties? A) reverence B) flaneur C) authenticity D) learning

C) authenticity

________ occurs when people's expectations or predictions play a causal role in bringing about the events they predict. A) Attribution B) Double-loop learning C) The self-fulfilling prophecy D) The fundamental attribution error

C) the self fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following terms describes a kind of learning between an individual and the environment in which learners seek relatively little feedback that may significantly confront their fundamental ideas or actions? A) deutero-learning B) double-loop learning C) action learning D) single-loop learning

D) single loop learning

Simone, a senior sales manager at ReadMe Inc., cares about developing the skills of her teammates and works beside them as a role model. In the context of the five fundamental archetypes of leadership, she most likely belongs to the A) Warrior-Knight archetype. B) Visionary-Alchemist archetype. C) Father-Judge archetype. D) Teacher-Mentor archetype.

D) teacher-mentor archetype

A disadvantage of action learning is that it inherently involves time away from immediate job responsibilities.

False

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, the Visionary-Alchemist archetype refers to a leader who provides oversight, control, moral guidance, and caring protectiveness.

False

According to the fundamental archetypes of leadership, the Warrior-Knight archetype refers to a leader who challenges the status quo and guides adaptation.

False

Studies indicate that perception is basically a passive activity suggesting that everyone attends to all aspects of a situation equally.

False

With in-basket exercises, participants are given a limited amount of time to prioritize and respond to a number of notes, letters, and phone messages from an actual manager's inbox.

False

According to Patricia O'Connell's webs of belief, the reverence web provides a bridge for leaders to understand, embrace, and practice global citizenship and multiculturalism.

True

According to the A-O-R model, leadership development is enhanced when the consequences of actions and their significances are considered.

True

Leaders and followers use development plans as road maps for changing their own behaviors.

True

Technology-based approaches to leader development, such as video games and virtual reality simulations, require speedy thought and action.

True