chapter 2

Which of the following are major approaches that developed during the classical period? (Choose every correct answer.)

Bureaucracy Scientific management Systematic management Human relations

How did Henry Gantt expand the piecerate system?

By giving a bonus to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks

Which of the following are shortcomings of the bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.)

Too much authority is given to too few people. Once established, dismantling is difficult. The procedures become the end rather than the means.

Which of the following universities were the first to offer management and business education?

University of Pennsylvania Dartmouth

What were some criticisms of scientific management? (Choose every corr

The approach ignored some job-related social and psychological factors. Unions thought it was possible that managers would abuse their power. Production tasks were reduced to machinelike procedures that led to boredom.

Which of the following statements about the two major sections of the evolution of management thought are true? (Choose every correct answer.)

The approaches influenced one another. There was overlap between the approaches as they developed.

According to Weber, how do bureaucracies eliminate biased treatment of workers and employees?

The same set of rules and processes apply to everyone.

Which of the following are reasons Max Weber believes bureaucracies are important? (Choose every correct answer.)

They allow large organizations to perform routine activities efficiently They foster specialized skills They eliminate subjective judgments by managers

ccording to Chester Barnard, the role of senior management consists of which of the following? (Choose every cor

ormulate the purpose of the organization. Hire key individuals. Maintain organizational communication.

Who introduced the scientific management approach?

redrick Taylor

Which classical management approach involved the use of time-and-motion studies?

scientific

Which of the following does Maslow consider the most advanced need?

self actulilization

Rank the evolution of these contemporary approaches to management from earliest (on top) to most recent (on bottom).

socio technal systems quantitive management organization management systems thoery

Which classical management approach focused on building specific procedures into operations that would ensure coordination of effort?

stsematic

Which classical approach to management was discovered to be inefficient and wasteful and accompanied by poor production and wages?

systematic

True or false: Abraham Maslow was a major contributor to the human relations approach to management.

t

What techniques did Taylor use to implement the scientific management approach?

time and motion

rue or false: When workers perform and react differently because they are being observed, it is known as the Hawthorne Effect.

true

he human relations approach to management was influenced most significantly by which of the following other approaches? (Choose every correct answer.)

Administrative management Scientific management

What did the scientific management approach advocate? (Check all that apply)

Application of scientific methods to analyze work Use of scientific methods to determine how to efficiently complete tasks

Systematic management, scientific management, bureaucracy, administrative management, and human relations all emerged during which period of management thought?

Classical

Which of the following are the major sections of the evolution of management thought?

Contemporary Classical

Which type of management focused on internal operations because managers were attempting to meet demand generated by the Industrial Revolution?

Systematic management

Systematic management achieved organizational goals through which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

Definition of duties and responsibilities Specific means of analyzing information Cost accounting Standardized techniques for performing duties

Lillian Gilbreth's human side of management included which of the following approaches? (

Determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity Determining how job satisfaction motivated employees Determining how motion studies could be used to help disabled employees perform jobs.

Under Taylor's scientific management approach, what elements of manufacturing improved most dramatically? (Choose every correct answer.)

Efficiency Productivity

Which of the following are part of Fayol's fourteen principles of management? (Check all that apply)

Equity Authority Discipline Division of work

Who developed a system to lower costs and increase worker productivity by showing how employees could work smarter, not harder?

Frank Gilbreth

Western Electric Company hired a team of Harvard researchers led by which of the following people? (Choose every correct answer.)

Fritz Roethlisberger Elton Mayo

What tool helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks?

Gantt chart

Critics claimed that the belief that a happy worker was a productive worker was too simplistic and a failing of which management approach? Multiple choice question.

HR

ho authored the explicit and broad framework for administrative management?

Henri Fayol

Which of the following is the most famous application of scientific management?

Henry Ford's factory

Which early classical approach theorist expanded the piecerate system by suggesting that bonuses be offered to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks?

Henry Gant

Which shortcomings did Fredrick Taylor discover in organizations that used systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Inefficiency and waste were prevalent. There was unused potential. Production and pay were poor.

Human relations was the first major approach to emphasize which of the following? (Choos

Informal work relationships Worker satisfaction

Why did critics suggest that Taylor's scientific management approach was not useful for managers at the senior level?

It failed to account for external factors such as competition and government regulations.

Which of the following are characteristic of systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Labor was poorly organized. Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency. There was an emphasis on internal operations.

Who was known as the "mother of modern management"?

Lillian Gilbreth

What effects did Frank Gilbreth's system working smarter, not harder, produce? (Choose every corr

Lower costs Increased worker productivity

Which of the following are Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles. Management should develop a precise approach for each element of one's work.

Which German sociologist showed how management could be more efficient and consistent by using a bureaucracy approach?

Max Weber

Human relations advocates believe that managers should emphasize which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.

Motivation Communication Employee welfare

Systematic managemnt

Organizational control Economical operations Adequate staffing

Which system gained wide acceptance because it more closely aligned effort and reward?

Piecerate

Which of the following are Fayol's five functions of management? (Ch

Planning Organizing Coordinating Controlling Commanding

he industrial revolution forced management to begin giving careful consideration to which of the following

Production processes Cost savings Efficiency

Which of the following are goals that are common to both classical and contemporary approaches to management?

Providing managers with tools to solve future problems Explaining the real issues facing managers

Mary Parker Follett's contributions to administrative management include which of the following? (Choose every correct

Recognizing the differences between motivating groups and individuals Acknowledging that managers desire flexibility

Which classical management approach is responsible for the most dramatic improvement in productivity and efficiency in manufacturing?

Scientific management

Maslow suggested that the most basic needs are physical needs for which of the following? (Choose every correct answ

Shelter Water Food

What factors did the human relations approach consider that made significant steps in the development of management? (Choose every correct answer.)

Social Psychological

Which of the following are the result of bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.)

Standardized jobs Standardized behavior through rules and regulations Formal network of relationships among positions

What contribution did the early Venetians make to the practice of management?

Standardizing production with assembly lines and inventory controls

Which of the following are factors of importance to the scientific management approach? (Choose every correct answer.)

Standardizing tools Hiring and training proper workers Providing breaks to eliminate fatigue Using instruction cards

Which classical approach to management stressed economical operations, adequate staffing, and organizational control?

Systematic management

ivision of work, unity of command, equity, and initiative are among the fourteen principles of management defined by the ______ approach.

admin

Henri Fayol developed the framework for ______ management.

administrative

The ______ management approach suggested that management was a profession.

administrative

Which classical management approach supports Chester Barnard's theory that the role of senior management consists of formulating the purpose of the organization and hiring key individuals?

afmin

Bureaucracy is a(n) ______ management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions within an organization.

classical

What is the term used to describe reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume of production increases?

economies of scale

The Hawthorne studies were conducted by a team of Harvard researchers led by Fritz Roethlisberger and ______.

elton mayo

True or false: Maslow contends that individuals try to satisfy their higher-level needs then move toward the lower-level needs.

f

True or false: The researchers of the Hawthorne Studies concluded that productivity is affected more by physical and objective influences than by psychological and social factors.

f

What is the name of the study that investigated the influence of physical working conditions on workers' productivity and efficiency in a suburban Chicago factory?

hawthorne study

The classical period of management ran from the mid-19th century to ______

he mid-1900s

After businesses identified the "one best way" to perform a job, Taylor emphasized that they should ______.

hire and train the proper worker for that job

Lillian Gilbreth's ______ side of management included determining how job satisfaction motivated employees and determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity.

human

The approach to management that was developed in the 1930s and emphasized the interaction of social processes with the work situation was known as ______.

human relations

Which approach emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study?

human relations

The first stage of the Hawthorne studies examined the effects of ______ on productivi

illumination

The Hawthorne Studies concluded that employee productivity and behavior were more influenced by _____

informal work groups

systematic

management attempted to build into operations the specific procedures that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve goals.

Lillian Gilbreth was known as the "mother of ______ management."

modern