chapter 2
Which of the following are major approaches that developed during the classical period? (Choose every correct answer.)
Bureaucracy Scientific management Systematic management Human relations
How did Henry Gantt expand the piecerate system?
By giving a bonus to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks
Which of the following are shortcomings of the bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.)
Too much authority is given to too few people. Once established, dismantling is difficult. The procedures become the end rather than the means.
Which of the following universities were the first to offer management and business education?
University of Pennsylvania Dartmouth
What were some criticisms of scientific management? (Choose every corr
The approach ignored some job-related social and psychological factors. Unions thought it was possible that managers would abuse their power. Production tasks were reduced to machinelike procedures that led to boredom.
Which of the following statements about the two major sections of the evolution of management thought are true? (Choose every correct answer.)
The approaches influenced one another. There was overlap between the approaches as they developed.
According to Weber, how do bureaucracies eliminate biased treatment of workers and employees?
The same set of rules and processes apply to everyone.
Which of the following are reasons Max Weber believes bureaucracies are important? (Choose every correct answer.)
They allow large organizations to perform routine activities efficiently They foster specialized skills They eliminate subjective judgments by managers
ccording to Chester Barnard, the role of senior management consists of which of the following? (Choose every cor
ormulate the purpose of the organization. Hire key individuals. Maintain organizational communication.
Who introduced the scientific management approach?
redrick Taylor
Which classical management approach involved the use of time-and-motion studies?
scientific
Which of the following does Maslow consider the most advanced need?
self actulilization
Rank the evolution of these contemporary approaches to management from earliest (on top) to most recent (on bottom).
socio technal systems quantitive management organization management systems thoery
Which classical management approach focused on building specific procedures into operations that would ensure coordination of effort?
stsematic
Which classical approach to management was discovered to be inefficient and wasteful and accompanied by poor production and wages?
systematic
True or false: Abraham Maslow was a major contributor to the human relations approach to management.
t
What techniques did Taylor use to implement the scientific management approach?
time and motion
rue or false: When workers perform and react differently because they are being observed, it is known as the Hawthorne Effect.
true
he human relations approach to management was influenced most significantly by which of the following other approaches? (Choose every correct answer.)
Administrative management Scientific management
What did the scientific management approach advocate? (Check all that apply)
Application of scientific methods to analyze work Use of scientific methods to determine how to efficiently complete tasks
Systematic management, scientific management, bureaucracy, administrative management, and human relations all emerged during which period of management thought?
Classical
Which of the following are the major sections of the evolution of management thought?
Contemporary Classical
Which type of management focused on internal operations because managers were attempting to meet demand generated by the Industrial Revolution?
Systematic management
Systematic management achieved organizational goals through which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)
Definition of duties and responsibilities Specific means of analyzing information Cost accounting Standardized techniques for performing duties
Lillian Gilbreth's human side of management included which of the following approaches? (
Determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity Determining how job satisfaction motivated employees Determining how motion studies could be used to help disabled employees perform jobs.
Under Taylor's scientific management approach, what elements of manufacturing improved most dramatically? (Choose every correct answer.)
Efficiency Productivity
Which of the following are part of Fayol's fourteen principles of management? (Check all that apply)
Equity Authority Discipline Division of work
Who developed a system to lower costs and increase worker productivity by showing how employees could work smarter, not harder?
Frank Gilbreth
Western Electric Company hired a team of Harvard researchers led by which of the following people? (Choose every correct answer.)
Fritz Roethlisberger Elton Mayo
What tool helps employees and managers plan projects by task and time to complete those tasks?
Gantt chart
Critics claimed that the belief that a happy worker was a productive worker was too simplistic and a failing of which management approach? Multiple choice question.
HR
ho authored the explicit and broad framework for administrative management?
Henri Fayol
Which of the following is the most famous application of scientific management?
Henry Ford's factory
Which early classical approach theorist expanded the piecerate system by suggesting that bonuses be offered to frontline supervisors whose employees completed their daily tasks?
Henry Gant
Which shortcomings did Fredrick Taylor discover in organizations that used systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.)
Inefficiency and waste were prevalent. There was unused potential. Production and pay were poor.
Human relations was the first major approach to emphasize which of the following? (Choos
Informal work relationships Worker satisfaction
Why did critics suggest that Taylor's scientific management approach was not useful for managers at the senior level?
It failed to account for external factors such as competition and government regulations.
Which of the following are characteristic of systematic management? (Choose every correct answer.)
Labor was poorly organized. Managers focused on internal issues of efficiency. There was an emphasis on internal operations.
Who was known as the "mother of modern management"?
Lillian Gilbreth
What effects did Frank Gilbreth's system working smarter, not harder, produce? (Choose every corr
Lower costs Increased worker productivity
Which of the following are Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Choose every correct answer.)
Management should scientifically select, train, teach, and develop each worker. Management should cooperate with workers to ensure that jobs match plans and principles. Management should develop a precise approach for each element of one's work.
Which German sociologist showed how management could be more efficient and consistent by using a bureaucracy approach?
Max Weber
Human relations advocates believe that managers should emphasize which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.
Motivation Communication Employee welfare
Systematic managemnt
Organizational control Economical operations Adequate staffing
Which system gained wide acceptance because it more closely aligned effort and reward?
Piecerate
Which of the following are Fayol's five functions of management? (Ch
Planning Organizing Coordinating Controlling Commanding
he industrial revolution forced management to begin giving careful consideration to which of the following
Production processes Cost savings Efficiency
Which of the following are goals that are common to both classical and contemporary approaches to management?
Providing managers with tools to solve future problems Explaining the real issues facing managers
Mary Parker Follett's contributions to administrative management include which of the following? (Choose every correct
Recognizing the differences between motivating groups and individuals Acknowledging that managers desire flexibility
Which classical management approach is responsible for the most dramatic improvement in productivity and efficiency in manufacturing?
Scientific management
Maslow suggested that the most basic needs are physical needs for which of the following? (Choose every correct answ
Shelter Water Food
What factors did the human relations approach consider that made significant steps in the development of management? (Choose every correct answer.)
Social Psychological
Which of the following are the result of bureaucratic structure? (Choose every correct answer.)
Standardized jobs Standardized behavior through rules and regulations Formal network of relationships among positions
What contribution did the early Venetians make to the practice of management?
Standardizing production with assembly lines and inventory controls
Which of the following are factors of importance to the scientific management approach? (Choose every correct answer.)
Standardizing tools Hiring and training proper workers Providing breaks to eliminate fatigue Using instruction cards
Which classical approach to management stressed economical operations, adequate staffing, and organizational control?
Systematic management
ivision of work, unity of command, equity, and initiative are among the fourteen principles of management defined by the ______ approach.
admin
Henri Fayol developed the framework for ______ management.
administrative
The ______ management approach suggested that management was a profession.
administrative
Which classical management approach supports Chester Barnard's theory that the role of senior management consists of formulating the purpose of the organization and hiring key individuals?
afmin
Bureaucracy is a(n) ______ management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions within an organization.
classical
What is the term used to describe reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume of production increases?
economies of scale
The Hawthorne studies were conducted by a team of Harvard researchers led by Fritz Roethlisberger and ______.
elton mayo
True or false: Maslow contends that individuals try to satisfy their higher-level needs then move toward the lower-level needs.
f
True or false: The researchers of the Hawthorne Studies concluded that productivity is affected more by physical and objective influences than by psychological and social factors.
f
What is the name of the study that investigated the influence of physical working conditions on workers' productivity and efficiency in a suburban Chicago factory?
hawthorne study
The classical period of management ran from the mid-19th century to ______
he mid-1900s
After businesses identified the "one best way" to perform a job, Taylor emphasized that they should ______.
hire and train the proper worker for that job
Lillian Gilbreth's ______ side of management included determining how job satisfaction motivated employees and determining how fatigue and stress affected productivity.
human
The approach to management that was developed in the 1930s and emphasized the interaction of social processes with the work situation was known as ______.
human relations
Which approach emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study?
human relations
The first stage of the Hawthorne studies examined the effects of ______ on productivi
illumination
The Hawthorne Studies concluded that employee productivity and behavior were more influenced by _____
informal work groups
systematic
management attempted to build into operations the specific procedures that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve goals.
Lillian Gilbreth was known as the "mother of ______ management."
modern