Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function

DNA and ribosomes

Which two of the following are contained in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann

Which two of the following scientists are most responsible for determining that all living things are made up of one or more cells?

both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Contains DNA

1. Eukaryotic 2. Ribosomes 3. mitochondria

Identify three characteristics shared by plant, animal and fungal cells.

Mitochondria

Muscle cells require more energy than most other cells. Therefore, muscle cells have more of which organelle to produce the needed energy?

cells

What is the basic unit of structure in all living things?

cells

What is the main distinguishing factor between matter being considered living or nonliving?

To support and protect the cell

What is the main function of the cell wall

to control what enters and leaves the cell

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

Movement/Locomotion

What is the significance of cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia in protozoa?

Eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Are more complex

1. It reproduces by releasing sperm and eggs into the water around it 2. Its interior contains blood and tissue made up of cells

Marine biologists find a specimen that looks like a rock. They find it has the following characteristics. Which of the following two characteristics would best prove that this specimen is actually a living organism?

organ system

The organs of the heart and the blood vessels form which of the following?

2 - mitochondria

Which labeled structure converts the energy in food into energy for use in cellular processes?

stem cells

Which type of cells can differentiate into many different types of cells?

bacterial

While conducting a laboratory experiment comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, a student completes the following data table for cell #1. ✔= yes, X=no Based on the students analysis, cell #1 is most likely which kind of cell?

large vacuole

A student is observing a group of cells using a microscope. Which of the following structures best distinguishes the specimen as plant cells rather than animal cells?

H

Compare the drawings. Which one represents a prokaryotic cell?

salivary glands

In which of these areas would you expect to find many Golgi bodies?

G

Organisms have levels of organization from simple to complex. Which of the following diagrams represents an organ system?

cellulose

The cell walls of plants are composed mainly of ___.

bacteria

The diagram of the cell below is most likely which type of cell?

Virchow

Which scientist was most responsible for establishing the idea that all cells come from the reproduction of other cells?

cell membrane

The structure most responsible for maintaining cell homeostasis is the ___.

Ribosomes

The substance drawn above is produced in what part of a eukaryotic cell?

flagellum

This bacterium is able to move by using what structure?

Chloroplast

Through photosynthesis, plant cells convert sunlight energy into chemical energy that can be used to perform cellular activities later on. Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

1. Nucleus 2. Cell membrane 3. Mitochondria 4. Ribosomes

What are four organelles can be found in most fungi, plant, and animal cells?

DNA and ribosomes

What are two things that are contained in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

an organ system

Your mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines help to form which of the following?

tissue

Blood, made up of red blood cells and white blood cells, work together to form which level of organization?

tissue

In plants, a group of cells function together to form an epidermis, an outer layer. The epidermis of plants forms which of the following?

tissue

In vascular plants, xylem and phloem are groups of cells that transport water and minerals throughout the plant. These cells function together to form which of the following?

1. The viral envelope around some viruses is similar in structure to a cell membrane. 2. Both contain genetic information in the form of either RNA or DNA

In what ways are the structure of some viruses similar to the structure of cells?

The bacterium E.coli

Which of the following is an example of a prokaryote?

animals

Which of the following organisms do not have cell walls?

Picture G

Which of the following shows a plant cell?

organ system such as respiratory system

Which of the following structures represents the highest level of organization in a human?

E - ribosomes

Which organelle Creates proteins by forming peptide bonds between amino acids

C - nucleus

Which organelle Stores cellular DNA and controls most of the processes that take place in the cell

B - mitochondria

Which organelle creates cellular energy by converting glucose

ribosomes

Which organelle helps to make proteins and may be free floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Chloroplast

Which organelle in plant cells captures energy from the sun to convert it into high energy sugars?

nucleus

Which organelle is the control center of a cell?

D - endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelles are Classified as either rough or smooth; responsible for producing and transporting materials

A - centrioles

Which organelles are Made up of microtubules and plays an important role in cell division

Golgi apparatus

Which organelles are flattened, curved sacs that receive proteins and other newly formed materials form the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell?

endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelles are passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another?

Ribosomes , Cell membrane

Which two of the following structures are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

chloroplasts and cell walls

Which two organelles could be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Which two organelles provide plant cells with energy?

Muscle cells that require the most energy

Which type of cells would you expect to contain the most mitochondria?

a mushroom cell

A histology student looks at an unidentified cell under the microscope. The student observes a nucleus, several oblong organelles, a cell membrane, and a cell wall. None of the organelles are green in color, so the student concluded that the cell does not contain chloroplasts. Which of the following most likely identifies the cell being observed?

F - golgi apparatus

Contains specialized enzymes that help to modify, package, sort, and distribute proteins and lipids to other areas outside the cell

The object contains no evidence of cells

A scientist studies an object under a microscope. After careful study, the scientist concluded that the object does not represent a living organism. Which of the following would best justify the scientist's conclusion?

lysosomes

By using intracellular digestion, immune cells have been observed engulfing bacteria and/or viruses to neutralize their infectious potential. Which of the following best identifies the organelles responsible for eliminating these pathogens from the cell?

Rudolf Virchow who published his findings that every cell comes from a preexisting cell

Cell theory was developed over a two hundred year period of time by the observations of several key scientists. Which of the following scientists is credited with contributing to the cell theory?

ribosome

Coded instructions from the nucleus are used by which organelle to make proteins?

1. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms 2. Living organisms are made up of one or more cells 3. Cells come from the reproduction of preexisting cells

Identify the three parts of the cell theory.

1. Presence of a cell wall 2. Ribosomes

Identify two characteristics shared by plant cells and fungi cells.

golgi apparatus

Pepsin is an enzyme produced by stomach cells to help digest protein. Stomach cells package and secrete pepsin in which of the following organelles?

Ribosomes

Peptide bonds between amino acids are formed PRIMARILY on the cell's ___.

lysosome

Similar to Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease is a serious metabolic disorder that occurs because a specific type of lipid accumulates inside cells. This lipid accumulation occurs because the cellular organelle responsible for intracellular digestion is defective. Which organelle causes this disorder?

Organ

The glands that produce digestive fluids, the mucus-producing tissue lining the stomach, and muscle tissue help make up what?

organ

The heart contains several types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function. The heart represents which level of organization within an organism?

mitochondria

The organelle marked by the arrow in the plant cell is responsible for cellular energy. Identify this organelle:

phospholipid bilayer

The plasma membrane is made up of a(n) ___.

allows some materials to enter the cell, but not others

The plasma membrane of a cell is selectively permeable, which means it ___.

1. Contain genetic material 2. Change over time through genetic mutations 3. Reproduce in some way

Viruses are typically much smaller than cells of bacteria, but viruses and bacteria share several characteristics. Identify three characteristics that are common to both viruses and bacteria.

cell membrane and ribosomes

What 2 structures would be found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

cell division

What cellular process is helped by the structures labeled number 1?

cilia

What does the paramecium use in order to move through the water?

The virus's protein capsid

What is most responsible for allowing a virus to attach to a host cell to infect it?

Prokaryotic cells

What kind of cells Best represents a bacterium

Eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Contain DNA in a nucleus

eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Contain mitochondria

both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Have a cell membrane

Eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Have a nucleus

both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

What kind of cells Have ribosomes within the cytoplasm

1. Outside a living host cell, they have no way to maintain a stable internal environment and cannot move on their own 2. They do not seek food and obtain energy from food

What two evidences cause scientists to consider viruses as non living?

organ

When a specific function is carried out by a group of tissues that work together, those tissues form which of the following?

Prokaryotic DNA is found in the nucleoid region in cytoplasm; eukaryotic DNA is in the nucleus

Which best describes a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

centrioles

Which cell organelles are made of microtubules, are always found in pairs, and are important in forming the spindle apparatus and cleavage furrow during the division in animal cells?

Lysosomes

Which of the following best represents an organelle containing the enzymes required for intracellular digestion?

Ribosomes

Which of the following cell organelles form peptide bonds between amino acids?