Chapter 2- Drugs and Behavior

Which of the following statements is true? A. DAWN statistics come from analysis of data from all U.S. hospitals. B. DAWN statistics come from major U.S. metropolitan hospitals. C. DAWN statistics come from primarily rural hospitals in the U.S. D. DAWN statistics only come from U.S. hospitals with minority populations.

B

The margin of safety is a way of comparing A. the LD50 against the LD1 B. the LD1 against the ED99 C. the ED99 against the ED50 D. the LD50 against the ED50

B

The opposite concept in relationship to Harm Reduction is A. Pharmacological Violence B. Zero Tolerance C. Benign Neglect D. Biopsychosocial Model

B

When taken during pregnancy, this substance produces fetal effects similar to the effects of cocaine, and newborn effects include growth retardation, lethargy, increased difficulty to arouse and, once aroused, increased autonomic reactivity . A. marijuana B. methamphetamine C. heroin D. alcohol

B

Which types of effects are typically associated with a mother's use of drugs during the early weeks of her pregnancy? A. low birth weight B. physical malformations C. growth retardation D. premature birth

B

Assume that an initial dose of 100 mg will produce a particular drug effect. After tolerance, which dose level would most likely produce an equivalent response? A. 50 mg B. 75 mg C. 100 mg D. 150 mg

D

Conditioning effects have been demonstrated with which of the following drugs? A. cocaine B. alcohol C. nicotine D. all of the above

D

Currently, about __ percent of the budget to control drug abuse is directed toward efforts to reduce the supply of illicit drugs. A. 35 B. 45 C. 55 D. 65

D

DAWN stands for the A. District Attorney Wait-list Number (for arrests) B. Distribution of Abuse in White Non-adults C. Drug Abuse Wait-list Number (for treatment) D. Drug Abuse Warning Network

D

Drug abusers continue to use drugs due to: A. a strong compulsion to continue taking the drug B. avoiding withdrawal symptoms C. craving the pleasurable effects of the drug D. all of the above

D

Drug dependence can be A. physical and psychological B. psychological but not physical C. neither psychological nor physical D. both A and B are correct

D

Drug tolerance is to ________ as behavioral tolerance is to _________. A. setting; repetition B. setting; sensitivity C. repetition; sensitivity D. repetition; setting

D

Generally speaking, growth retardation, premature birth, low birth weight, and neurological damage to the infant are events most associated with drug use during which time of pregnancy? A. before the third month B. during the fourth to fifth month C. during the sixth to seventh month D. after the eighth month

D

Systemic violence has been substantially reduced since the late 1990s with respect to which of the following drugs? A. LSD B. Ecstasy C. Heroin D. crack cocaine

D

The ADAM report does NOT determine whether adult male arrestees tested positive for A. marijuana B. cocaine C. heroin D. alcohol

D

Analogy: Acute toxicity is to chronic toxicity as A. short-term is to long-term B. licit is to illicit C. non-lethal is to lethal D. stimulants are to depressants

A

An increase in one's general inclination toward antisocial behavior is characteristic of A. the chronic use of most psychoactive drugs B. the chronic use of few if any psychoactive drugs C. the chronic use of many depressant drugs D. the chronic use of hallucinogens

B

An S-shaped graph (dose-response curve) helps explain: A. drug addiction B. drug elasticity C. drug toxicity D. none of the above

C

An active public policy toward drug regulation and control A. has been prevalent throughout U.S. history B. once was prevalent early in U.S. history but no longer is the case today C. has been prevalent only in the 20th century D. has declined substantially since 1950

C

Economically compulsive violence is commonly associated with which psychoactive drug? A. alcohol B. nicotine C. heroin D. several types of prescription medication

C

Which of the following is an example of polydrug use? A. snorting cocaine and injecting cocaine B. drinking whiskey and drinking vodka C. taking LSD and smoking cocaine D. both A and C

C

As assessed by DAWN, drug-related ED visits refer to occurrences resulting from A. adverse reactions to medications B. the use of dietary supplements C. the use of illicit drugs D. all of the above

D

Prior to the 20th century, the only drug for which there was a social movement to control its consumption was A. heroin B. morphine C. cocaine D. alcohol

D

Which of the following would NOT be an example of polydrug use? A. alcohol combined with heroin B. alcohol combined with marijuana C. Motrin combined with Tylenol D. all of the above would be examples

D

Behavioral or conditioned tolerance can be considered to be an important contributor to which drug-taking phenomenon? A. lethal overdoses B. improved responses to a drug C. the placebo effect D. increased sensitivity to a drug

A

DAWN statistics provide information predominantly about A. acute toxicity B. chronic toxicity C. drug dependence D. alcohol abuse

A

Drug-related ED visits: A. include any and all visits to an emergency department that are related to recent drug use B. are not counted in DAWN statistics if they result in a fatality C. are by definition the result of illicit drug use D. exclude suicide attempts

A

During the 1980s, about ____ percent of the budget to control drug abuse were allocated toward treatment and prevention programs. A. 30 B. 40 C. 60 D. 70

A

In general, during repeated drug administrations, the strongest response will occur A. during initial administration of the drug B. after at least two weeks of daily administrations C. after one year of weekly administrations D. during initial administration then after several months of repeated administrations

A

In studies of self-administration of drugs in animals, cocaine appears to have a _______ compared to heroin. A. greater potential for psychological dependence B. lesser potential for psychological dependence C. similar potential for psychological dependence D. lesser potential for drug toxicity

A

In the case of heroin and other abused drugs, withdrawal symptoms are typically A. opposite to the effects of the drug B. surprisingly similar to the effects of the drug C. unrelated to the effects of the drug D. at first similar than totally opposite to the effects of the drug

A

Information about drug-related medical emergencies is collected by the A. Drug Abuse Warning Network B. Omnibus Drug Act C. U.S. Government in cooperation with the Canadian Government D. both A and C

A

LSD, antipsychotic drugs, and antidepressant drugs all share the common feature of A. producing little or no self-administration in animals B. producing hallucinogenic effects C. producing effects similar to cocaine and amphetamine D. producing strong indications of psychological dependence

A

Prior to the 20th century, there was strong opposition to the smoking of A. opium B. tobacco C. cocaine D. all of the above

A

Someone aged 12-17 who has a history of violence at school or involved in group-against-group fighting is ____ times more likely to have used an illicit drug compared to those with no such history. A. 3 B. 5 C. 8 D. 12

A

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 A. required manufacturers to list the amounts of alcohol or "habit-forming" drugs on product labels B. regulated sales of opiates to medical personnel only C. banned foods that contained opium D. made it illegal for opiate drugs to be used without a prescription

A

The first documented case of drug tolerance had to do with someone named A. King Mithridates VI of Pontus B. Lucretia Borgia C. Timothy Leary D. Socrates

A

The greatest number of drug-related deaths each year results from A. the drinking of alcohol and smoking of tobacco B. overdose of licit prescription and OTC medications C. abuse of illicit drugs D. heroin and cocaine abuse

A

The physical or psychological harm a drug such as tobacco or alcohol might cause over a long period of use is known as A. the drinking of alcohol and smoking of tobacco B. acute toxicity C. abuse of illicit drugs D. chronic toxicity

A

The ratio of the LD50 over the ED50 is called the A. therapeutic index B. margin of safety C. effective dose for a particular drug effect D. lethal dose

A

Three aspects of drugs and violence are pharmacological, economically compulsive and ________. A. systemic B. dynamic C. symbiotic D. pandemic

A

Tolerance effects depend upon which of the following factors in drug-taking behavior? A. repetition B. the ingestion of an illicit substance C. the abuse potential of the drug D. the age range of the individual using the drug

A

When the price of street heroin goes up, property crime related to heroin abuse A. increases B. decreases C. is unaffected D. is related to the price of cocaine

A

Which drug shows the least widely reported incidence of pharmacological violence? A. marijuana B. amphetamine C. PCP D. alcohol

A

A Schedule V drug A. has a high potential for abuse and no medical use B. has minimal abuse potential and widespread medical use C. has potential for abuse, accepted medical use. Limits on prescriptions apply. D. must be stored in secure vaults by pharmacists and physicians

B

A strong tendency for an animal to self-administer a drug that ordinarily would NOT produce physical withdrawal symptoms yields evidence in favor of A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. both physical and psychological dependence D. neither physical nor psychological dependence

B

According to the text, behavioral tolerance is also referred to as A. environmental tolerance B. conditioned tolerance C. analgesic tolerance D. administrative tolerance

B

Alcohol-in-combination ED visits are described as: A. Consuming two or more different alcoholic beverages at one time B. Using alcohol in conjunction with some other drug C. Alcohol being combined with non-alcoholic beverages D. None of the above

B

An increase in criminal behavior as a result of a reduction in the supply of heroin is typically used as an indication of A. pharmacological violence B. economically compulsive violence C. systemic violence D. psychological and physical dependence

B

Drug-related deaths among celebrities A. can give you a fairly accurate idea about the relative toxicities of psychoactive drugs B. can be misleading with respect to the relative toxicity levels C. involve drugs that are relatively inexpensive D. involve information that is largely unreported

B

Following drug legislation in 1970, the term, "schedule," has been used as A. a way of calculating the need for treatment options for drug abusers B. a way of classifying drugs C. a way of tracking the FDA's approval process for new prescription drugs D. a way of monitoring the number of drug arrests

B

Heroin-related emergencies have tended to increase since the 1990s because A. heroin can be injected safely B. heroin can be used without a needle injection C. heroin can be ingested by mouth D. all of the above

B

If Drug A and Drug B have the same number of drug-related ED visits but Drug A is used by ten times the number of individuals as Drug B, what are the relative toxicities of the two drugs? A. Drug A is more toxic than Drug B B. Drug B is more toxic than Drug A C. Drugs A and B have equivalent toxicities D. Not enough information is present to judge the relative toxicities of Drugs A and B

B

If one of the effects of heroin is constipation, then withdrawal symptoms after chronic heroin abuse would include A. increased constipation B. diarrhea C. a period of constipation followed by normal intestinal activity D. increased dizziness and headache pain

B

If tolerance to a potentially toxic drug has occurred, a toxic response might occur only if the dose level is A. relatively low B. relatively high C. virtually zero D. substituted by a placebo

B

In the DSM-IV-TR, the American Psychiatric Association uses the term A. drug abuse instead of drug dependence B. substance abuse instead of drug abuse C. drug misuse instead of drug abuse D. drug-taking behavior instead of drug-taking response

B

Needle exchange programs have been effective in reducing A. the incidence of high-risk sexual behavior B. the incidence of HIV infection among intravenous drug users C. the prevalence of spontaneous abortions D. the incidence of physical dependence

B

Principles of Pavlovian conditioning have been used to explain which of the following drug-taking phenomena? A. the placebo effect B. behavioral tolerance C. forms of tolerance tied to purely physiological effects D. a large number of ER mentions in the DAWN reports

B

Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home is not sufficient to signify a diagnosis of A. schizophrenia B. substance dependence C. substance abuse D. depression

B

Relying on robbery to support one's drug habit is an example of A. pharmacological violence B. economically compulsive violence C. systematic violence D. passive aggression

B

Studies of self-administration of drugs in animals indicate that there is little or no inclination for animals to self-administer A. cocaine and other stimulants B. hallucinogens C. amphetamines D. all of the above

B

The ratio of the LD1 over the ED99 is called the A. therapeutic index B. margin of safety C. effective dose for a particular drug effect D. lethal dose

B

The significance of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was that it A. was enacted to control narcotic drug trafficking B. was the first regulatory act regarding drug consumption C. banned marijuana in 1937 D. was repealed in 1914

B

When reporting the ED50 of a drug, the "50" refers to A. 50 milligrams of the drug B. 50 percent of the test population C. volunteers 50 years of age or older D. 50 percent of the maximal dose that is possible to administer

B

The margin of safety regarding the response to illicit drugs A. is carefully monitored by the FDA B. is totally unregulated C. is increasingly monitored in several U.S. states D. is monitored by the FDA with respect to heroin

B.

"Messing up the money" refers to A. selling inferior grades of illicit drugs B. territorial disputes among drug dealers C. fraudulent handling of drug sale money D. purchasing drugs with stolen money

C

A drug least likely to produce pharmacological violence would be a drug that made an individual A. agitated and annoyed B. irritable and obnoxious C. sleepy or passive D. euphoric and giddy

C

According to drug legislation between 1914 and the 1960s, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and peyote were officially classified as A. licit drugs B. illegal substances only if smoked C. narcotic drugs D. hallucinogenic drugs

C

According to recent DAWN statistics, alcohol-in-combination is responsible for _______ of drug-related ED visits. A. one-tenth B. one-third C. one-fourth D. three quarters

C

According to the DSM-IV, diagnosing drug abuse and drug dependence is based on A. the type of drug being used B. the type of withdrawal symptoms experienced C. the behavior of the person D. both a and c

C

According to the text, a majority of homicides and sexually aggressive acts are committed by users of A. crack-cocaine B. heroin C. alcohol D. nicotine

C

According to the text, drugs that are unauthorized copies of prescription medications are known as: A.customized drugs B. copy-cat drugs C. look-alike drugs D. bootleg drugs

C

An effective dose (ED) of a drug depends upon A. what drug effect is being observed B. what percentage of the test population you have specified C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C

An extreme case of intoxication can involve which of the following non-drug substances? A. broccoli B. chocolate C. water D. sushi

C

As the prices of heroin abuse rise, the incidence of heroin-related crimes against individuals A. increases B. there is no effect C. decreases D. increases or decreases depending on the dose taken

C

DAWN statistics do not include drug-related ED visits involve the ingestion of A. alcohol in combination with other drugs B. hallucinogens alone C. alcohol alone, unless the patient is under the age of 21 D. hallucinogens in combination with other drugs

C

Drug A has ten times the number of drug-related ED visits in the DAWN statistics as Drug B. Drug A is used by ten times the number of individuals as Drug B. What are the relative toxicities of the two drugs? A. Drug A is more toxic than Drug B B. Drug B is more toxic than Drug A C. Drugs A and B have equivalent toxicities D. Not enough information is present to judge the relative toxicities of Drugs A and B

C

Drug dealers are most directly affected by A. pharmacological violence B. economically compulsive violence C. systematic violence D. passive aggression

C

Females are more likely than males to commit crimes that can be classified as A. crimes against people B. crimes against property C. crimes against the public order D. when it comes to drug-related crime, no significant gender differences have been identified

C

In recent years, DAWN statistics indicate A. a decline in emergencies involving narcotic analgesics (prescription pain medication) B. a slow decline in the number of emergencies in general C. an increase in emergencies involving narcotic analgesics D. no essential change in emergencies involving narcotic analgesics

C

It is possible that, through tolerance, individuals may have _________ after a period of regular administrations of a drug. A. a dramatically increased response B. an increasing response which then levels off C. no discernible response at all D. a newly acquired sense of brotherhood

C

Needle exchange programs are A. widely accepted in the U.S. but not in Europe B. widely accepted throughout the world C. widely accepted in Europe but not in the U.S. D. viewed as a failure

C

Penalties for money laundering when associated with drug smuggling and sales were established by the A. Harrison Act of 1914 B. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 C. Anti Drug-Abuse Act of 1988 D. Clean Dollar Bill Act of 1993

C

Physical dependence is an inadequate explanation for the abuse of a particular drug if A. the drug is legally available B. the drug is relatively low in toxicity C. withdrawal from the drug produces no physical symptoms D. withdrawal from the drug produces specific physical symptoms

C

Prior to 1900, opiate addicts who were caught A. were fired from their jobs B. had their children taken from them and placed into foster care C. participated fully in the life of the community D. were often divorced from their spouses

C

Since the 1990s, ____ has been the world's leading producer and distributor of cocaine and significant supplier of heroin in the United States. A. Brazil B. Chile C. Colombia D. China

C

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 A. outlawed sales of narcotics in the United States B. gave states the authority to pass their own laws regarding narcotic abuse C. classified drugs into five classifications D. applied only to manufacturers of drugs

C

The DSM-IV of the American Psychiatric Association defines two fundamental conditions related to drug-taking behavior: A. substance dependence and drug abuse B. substance dependence and drug dependence C. substance dependence and substance abuse D. drug dependence and drug abuse

C

The LD-response curve for a particular drug will always be positioned ________ with respect to the ED-response curve. A. on top B. farther to the left C. farther to the right D. at the bottom

C

The capacity of a drug dose to have a gradually diminished effect on the user as it is taken repeatedly is known as A. drug interaction B. drug dependence C. drug tolerance D. the placebo effect

C

Todd started drinking caffeinated coffee every night to stay awake to study for finals. On Sunday evening, Todd was able to stay awake after drinking 1 cup of coffee. By Thursday evening, Todd found that he needed to drink 2 cups of the coffee to get the same effect. Why is this so? A. Todd must have used caffeine in combination with a second drug on Sunday evening B. One of the two cups on Thursday night must have been a placebo C. Todd has developed a tolerance to low doses of caffeine D. Todd has become dependent on caffeine

C

Tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and unintentional overuse are three of the seven criteria for a diagnosis of A. substance abuse B. drug abuse C. substance dependence D. drug-taking behavior

C

Violence resulting from territorial disputes in drug dealing is an example of A. pharmacological violence B. economically compulsive violence C. systemic violence D. passive aggression

C

Which of the following is NOT a program associated with the Harm Reduction approach toward drug abuse? A. needle-exchange B. nicotine patches C. international agreements on drug trafficking D. methadone maintenance

C

n recent years, DAWN statistics indicate A. an decline in emergencies involving methamphetamine (speed) B. a slow decline in the number of emergencies in general C. an increase in emergencies involving methamphetamine (speed) D. no essential change in methamphetamine (speed) emergencies

C

n terms of toxicity, a drug with a therapeutic index of 2 ______ a drug with a therapeutic index of 10. A. is roughly equivalent to B. is safer than C. is more dangerous than D. cannot be compared to

C

A problem in proposing psychological dependence as an explanation for drug abuse is A. the necessity to show withdrawal symptoms B. the requirement that illicit drugs be involved C. the presence of conditioned tolerance D. its inherent circularity

D

According to the DSM-IV definitions, we must determine A. the antecedent conditions for the disorder B. the particular chemical substance that is involved C. that more than one drug is involved D. the features of drug-taking behavior

D

In the 1990s, a decline in crack abuse was followed by A. a decline in homicide rates B. a decline in violent crime C. an increase in heroin abuse D. both A and B

D

The effects observed among pregnant women with respect to the use of barbiturates are: A. the same as the effects due to alcohol use B. clinically insignificant C. substantially greater than the effects due to the use of illicit drugs D. different from the effects due to the use of tobacco

D

The placental barrier is particularly effective in blocking the crossing of A. all drugs B. alcohol and nicotine C. illicit drugs D. none of the above

D

The therapeutic index is a way of comparing A. the LD50 against the LD1 B. the LD1 against the ED99 C. the ED99 against the ED50 D. the LD50 against the ED50

D

Which criterion is not used for a DSM-IV diagnosis of substance dependence? A. tolerance B. withdrawal symptoms C. persistent desire or efforts to control drug use D. recurrent substance-related legal problems

D

Which drug shows the most widely reported incidence of pharmacological violence? A. heroin B. marijuana C. antipsychotic medication D. alcohol

D

Which individuals within a community are typically targets for economically compulsive violence? A. storekeepers B. children C. the elderly D. all of the above

D

Which of the following would NOT be included as a drug-related ED visit in DAWN statistics? A. nonmedical use of a prescription or OTC drug B. alcohol-only consumption if the patient is younger than 21 years old C. malicious poisoning D. alcohol-only consumption if the patient is 21 or older

D

Which psychoactive drugs have little or no effect on pregnant women or the newborn? A. alcohol B. marijuana C. prescription drugs D. none of the above

D

If a drug is dangerous, poisonous or in some way interferes with a person's normal functioning, that drug is said to be A. toxic B. addictive C. illicit D. acute

A

In the case of drug-related criminal behavior, an example of a white-collar crime would be A. armed robbery B. embezzlement C. mugging D. burglary

B

The "placental barrier" refers to a barrier between the A. bloodstreams of the mother and the fetus B. placenta of the mother and bloodstream of the mother C. bloodstream of mother and brain of mother D. bloodstream and brain of both mother and fetus

A

The "war on drugs" in the United States was officially declared by President A. Richard Nixon in 1971 B. Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 C. Ronald Reagan in 1981 D. George Bush in 1990

A

The DAWN reports mainly focus on emergency-department cases caused by A. acute toxicity B. chronic toxicity C. illicit drugs only D. licit drugs only

A

Physical dependence requires the presence of A. a craving for the drug B. a set of physical withdrawal symptoms C. a physical response to the drug D. none of the above

B

Which effect is typically associated with a mother's use of drugs after the eighth month of pregnancy? A. low birth weight B. physical malformations C. risk of spontaneous abortions D. No effects are generally observed

A

Which schedule of drugs is most restricted in U.S. society? A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV

A

The Jungle, a novel by Upton Sinclair, A. resulted in the enactment of regulatory legislation relating to food and drugs in 1906 B. was the basis for an anti-marijuana movie of the 1930s C. promoted rainforest protection policies and future drug discoveries D. supported efforts by the government to educate young people about drug abuse

A

A dash of quinine is sometimes added to street "heroin" in order to A. simulate the bitter taste of real heroin B. make the heroin more injectable C. strengthen the effect of the heroin D. weaken the effect of the heroin

A

A dose-response curve is generally shaped as a(n) A. S B. U C. inverted U D. inverted V

A

A drug that produces an on-edge manner and social paranoia is A. PCP B. heroin C. marijuana D. all of the above

A

A key factor in psychological dependence is the presence of A. craving B. physical withdrawal symptoms C. a heightened sense of well-being D. a decline in one's sensitivity to pain

A

A laissez faire policy regarding drugs would involve A. little or no regulation B. extensive regulation C. well-reasoned procedures regarding regulation D. an emphasis upon controlling drugs from France

A

According to DAWN statistics, very few drug-related deaths resulted from the use of _____________ alone. A. marijuana B. methamphetamine C. cocaine D. opiates

A

According to the text, as a result of the attacks on September 11, 2001, A. drug seizures increased at the Mexican border at security checkpoints B. less funding is being spent on drug seizures at United States C. it has become easier to smuggle drugs into the United States D. the long range effects on drug trafficking have become clear

A

According to the text, needle exchange programs are able to reduce HIV infection by A. one third B. one fourth C. nine tenths D. two thirds

A

Analogy: The ED-response curve is to the LD-response curve as A. effective is to lethal B. emotional is to linguistic C. early is to late D. illicit is to licit

A

As a result of the Harrison Act of 1914 A. several other drugs (i.e., marijuana) were classified as narcotics B. narcotics were banned from medical use C. the Federal Bureau of Narcotics was established D. both A and B

A

As dose level rises, it is likely that the effect produced by the drug A. rises as well B. rises then falls C. falls then rises D. remains the same

A

Economically compulsive violence stems from A. the expense of drugs B. the economic status of the country C. the cost of overpowering prescription medication D. none of the above

A

Generally speaking, if the price of street drugs increases communities should expect A. an increase in crime B. less drug users among society C. an increase in licit drug use D. a decrease in emergency room visits due to drug overdose

A

Which schedule(s) of controlled substances would imply the greatest potential for abuse? A. Schedule I and II B. Schedule III and IV C. Schedule V D. All five schedules imply relatively equal potential for abuse.

A

Withdrawal symptoms are frequently observed in the newborn of mothers who had used ________ during their pregnancy. A. heroin B. marijuana C. prescription drugs D. marijuana and tobacco

A

________ is defined as the possibility that the short-term effects of a particular drug will trigger a toxic reaction. A. Acute toxicity B. Collateral toxicity C. Conditional toxicity D. Chronic toxicity

A

The Harrison Act of 1914 A. made hallucinogens illegal B. required strict record keeping of opiate drug transactions C. reduced drug-taking behavior substantially D. moved the emphasis in the field of drug abuse from a criminal one to a medical one

B

According to the DSM-IV definitions, substance abuse implies that A. the individual is already dependent upon the substance B. there are specific problems that have arisen from the drug-taking behavior C. there are no psychoactive effects of the substance under question D. there must be withdrawal symptoms

B

According to the research of Shepard Siegel, environmental cues that are present while taking morphine (an analgesic drug) produce A. a heightened analgesic effect B. a lessened analgesic effect C. a heightened sense of identification to the location where the drug is being used D. little or no effect on one's response to the drug

B

Drug-related violence due to the acute effects of the drug in an individual's system at the time of the violent act is referred to as A. acute toxicity B. pharmacological violence C. systemic violence D. none of the above

B

In studies of psychological dependence, a catheter refers to A. a tube inserted orally to restrict feeding and drinking B. measurement device for assessing drug tolerance C. a tube inserted into a vein for the administration of a drug directly into the bloodstream D. a tube inserted into a muscle for administration of a drug directly into muscle tissue

C

The "killer weed" stories in the 1930s led to A. an extensive highway beautification program B. anti-pesticide legislation during the 1940s C. regulation of marijuana cultivation and use D. an increase in systemic violence in American cities

C

The detection period in a standard urinalysis test for an illicit drug can range from A. several hours to two days B. several days to two weeks C. It depends on the drug for which an individual is being tested. D. Urinalysis is an unreliable method for assessing the presence of an illicit drug.

C

The ingestion of increasingly large doses of a toxic drug will produce A. a diminished response due to drug dependence B. an increased response due to drug sensitization C. a diminished response due to drug tolerance D. no measurable change in the response to the drug

C

The margin of safety is ________ than the therapeutic index A. less accurate in gauging drug toxicity B. simpler to calculate C. more conservative in the direction of safety D. less meaningful in general

C

The median time interval for those who are HIV infected to show symptoms of AIDS is usually approximately A. six months B. 2 years C. 10 years D. 12 years

C

The prescription drug, isoretinoin (brand name: Accutane), produces ______ when taken during pregnancy. A. extreme acne B. a deficiency in Vitamin A C. major birth defects D. substantial sedation

C

Which of the following is an example of an alcohol-in-combination ED visit? A. drinking beer directly after drinking a glass of wine B. mixing gin, whiskey, and vodka in the same beverage C. smoking a marijuana joint while drinking beer D. mixing vodka and orange juice in the same beverage

C

Assume that an initial dose of 100 mg will produce a particular drug effect. After repeated administrations, a dose of ________ produces an equivalent response. Which alternative would be consistent with the greatest degree of tolerance? A. 50 mg B. 100 mg C. 150 mg D. 200 mg

D

According to the text, the controversial part of the "drug problem" in the United States concerns A. where the problems are B. which problems are most deserving of our efforts C. the level of drug abuse in Asia D. both A and B

D

According to the text, what are the effects of using cocaine or crack during pregnancy? A. constriction of blood vessels reducing normal blood flow to the fetus B. high rates of spontaneous abortion C. growth retardation such as lower birth rate and smaller head circumference D. all of the above

D

Analogy: Total prohibition is to Zero Tolerance as controlled usage is to A. Pharmacological Violence B. Pharmaco-medical Model C. Benign Neglect D. Harm Reduction

D

Antianxiety drugs and sedative-hypnotics are officially classified as ______ drugs. A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV

D

The Marijuana Act of 1937 A. made it a federal offense to smoke marijuana B. identified marijuana smoking to be equivalent to tobacco smoking C. removed all regulations on the smoking of marijuana D. imposed a tax on growers, sellers, and buyers of marijuana

D

Which of the following drugs does NOT produce agitation and paranoia? A. amphetamines B. cocaine C. PCP D. heroin

D