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On inhalation, ... occur?
- The inter costal muscles contract, elevating the rib cage - The diaphragm contracts - Air enters through the nose and mouth
Which of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation?
"Does your mother have diabetes?"
Which of the following statements is not appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR?
"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."
Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
"How much Tylenol do you take each day?"
Common questions asked by patients with a serious illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
"What hospital am I going to?"
A device that detects treatable life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) and delivers the appropriate electrical shock to the patient.
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.
Automaticity
Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient?
Avoid touching without permission.
Tissue hanging as a flap from a wound
Avulsion
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ... mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ... mg.
0.3, 0.15
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ... mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto-injector delivers ... mg.
0.3, 0.15
List 3 symptoms of a concussion
1. dizziness 2. weakness 3. visual changes
When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:
10 seconds
The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from:
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:
16 hours
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.
18%
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
19 and 25 years.
During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times.
2
By the end of pregnancy, the pregnant patient's heart rate increases up to 20%, or about __________ beats more per minute.
20
if a burn to the eye was caused by an alkali or strong acid irrigate the eye for
20 min
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than .... of his or her total blood volume.
20%
A fall from more than __ Times the patient's height is considered to be significant
3
A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
3
Determine the Apgar score in the following scenario: You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow.
3
If a mask cannot be placed on a coughing patient, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC recommend that you maintain a distance of at least ... feet if possible.
3
About ... minutes after blood flow is cut off, some heart muscle cells begin to die.
30
Hydroplaning of the ambulance on wet roads would most likely occur at speeds of greater than ... mph.
30
Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ... following exposure.
30 minutes
When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-valve mask, the rate is _____ breaths/min.
40 to 60
You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and oxygen and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is:
44 g.
An unstable patient should be reassessed at least every:
5 minutes.
What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5,600 mL
When arriving at the scene of a cave-in or trench collapse, response vehicles should be parked at least ... away from the scene.
500ft or 152 m
The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her body.
6 L
infants begin saying their first word, sitting without support, and teething at
6 to 12 months
For an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between:
60 and 100 beats/min.
The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:
60 to 90 seconds.
In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min.
60, 100
The average pulse rate of individuals between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:
70 beats per min.
The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
70 to 120 beats per min.
A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ... hours following the incident.
72
In preparing for a disaster, EMS systems should have enough supplies for at least a ... period of self-sufficiency.
72-hour
If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at
7:57
What Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score would you assign to a patient who responds to painful stimuli, uses inappropriate words, and maintains his or her arms in a flexed position?
8
Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:
95°F or 35°C
In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?
A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.
Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?
A Level I or Level II trauma center
basket stretcher
A rigid stretcher commonly used in technical and water rescues that surrounds and supports we patient yet allows water to drain through holes in the bottom also called a stokes litter
A flail chest occurs when:
A segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.
Health Care directive
A written document that specifies medical treatment for competent patient, should he or she become unable to make decisions, also known as an advance directive or a living will.
Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training?
AED
Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions ...
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
decision-making capacity
Ability to understand and process information and make a choice regarding appropriate Medical Care
Skinned knee
Abraison
human immunodeficiency virus HIV
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS is caused by HIV which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.
Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis?
Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed.
Stimulant
Agent that produces an excited state
.... is a behavior that is characterized by restlessness and irregular physical activity
Agitation
Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?
Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.
... is a sign of hypoxia to the brain
Altered mental status
A fluid-filled, baglike membrane inside the uterus that grows around the developing fetus
Amniotic sac
Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts informed consent?
An EMT advises a patient of the risks of receiving treatment.
Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?
Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.
Side Effect
Any action of a drug other than the desired one
When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?
Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others
noise
Anything that dampens or obscures the true meaning of a message.
Major artery in the chest
Aorta
During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?
Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitches "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is most consistent with which of the following conditions?
Aspiration pneumonia
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:
Assess for an exit wound
According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min?
Assess for bilateral radial pulses.
A(n) ________ _________ provides a firm surface under the patient's torso so that you can give effective chest compressions.
CPR board
Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?
Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.
BLS or basic life support
Basic lifesaving interventions, such as CPR
any reaction to events that interferes with the activities of daily living or has become unacceptable to the patient, family, or community.
Behavioral Crisis
Retroperitoneal
Behind the peritoneum
By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:
Belly button
Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:
Binds to the substance and prevents absorption
The vagina and lower part of the uterus
Birth canal
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT most likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?
Blood Pressure, 200 to 100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats per minute
Which of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct?
Blood pressure is usually not measured in children younger than 3 years of age.
A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock?
Blood pressure of 70/40 mm
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
Brain and Spinal cord
B of DCAP-BTLS
Burn
How do poisons typically act to harm the body?
By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them
... is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system.
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?
Cystic fibrosis
You arrive at an accident scene to find an alternative-fuel vehicle leaking an unknown substance. You should immediately ....
Call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle
Dean, a man in his 50s, is acting irrationally. His wife states that he thinks he is the dictator of a small country, and he is wearing nothing but a baseball cap and a belt with a small handgun attached to it. What is your best course of action?
Call for police backup
flexible stretcher
Can be folded or rolled up
... is an odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.
Carbon monoxide
Congestive heart failure:
Cardiovascular
You respond to a 71-year-old woman who is unresponsive. You try to get her to respond but have no success. Her airway is open, and she is breathing at a rate of 14 breaths/min. What structure on her neck should you locate to take a pulse?
Carotid arteries
According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?
Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction.
Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal: Agitation and restlessness Fever and sweating Seizures Chest Pain
Chest Pain
Which of the following conditions would most likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?
Chlamydia
.... commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.
Cholecystitis
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a chest injury?
Clear and equal breath sounds.
Soft tissue damage inside the body, but skin remains intact
Closed abdominal injury
What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?
Clotting Coagulation Vasoconstriction
Never assume that a(n) -----------, pulseless patient is dead.
Cold
A surgical opening between the colon and the outside of the body
Colostomy
*****Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?
Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.
Heat loss resulting from sitting on snow
Conduction
Which of the following most accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?
Confusion and fatigue
The skin regulates temperature in a cold environment by:
Constricting the blood vessels
Exposure
Contact with blood, bodily fluids, tissues and airborne particles
Areas at a hazardous materials incident that are designated as hot, warm, or cold, based on safety issues and the degree of hazard found there
Control zones
Temperature of the central part of the body
Core temperature
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?
Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.
You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote location you are in, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do?
Follow locally established protocols or standing orders.
You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step in controlling his bleeding?
Following standard precautions.
Work
Force acting over a distance
A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the ___________ position:
Fowler's
_____ burns may involve the subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, or internal organs.
Full-thickness
When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ....
DCAP-BTLS
Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS is correct?
Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.
infarction
Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply.
The process of removing or neutralizing and properly disposing of hazardous materials from equipment, patients, and rescue personnel.
Decontamination
condition of impairment in cognitive function that can present with disorientation, hallucination, or delusions
Delirium
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?
Dependent edema
Which of the following findings would be least suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?
Deployment of the air bag
Inner layer of skin that contains the structures that give skin its characteristic appearance
Dermis
Type 1 diabetes
Diabetes that usually starts in childhood; requires insulin
Type 2 diabetes
Diabetes with onset later in life; may be controlled by diet and oral medication
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?
Diphenhydramine or Benadryl
Your partner, a veteran EMT who you have worked with regularly for the past 4 years, seems unusually agitated during a call involving an elderly patient. Upon arrival back at your station, you note the obvious smell of alcohol on his breath. What should you do?
Discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor.
Hemophilia
Disorder that causes an inability to develop blood clots
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?
Does the patient appear to be well groomed?
Round head with a flat occiput and slanted, wide-set eyes
Down syndrome
Opioid
Drug or agent with actions similar to morphine
Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies?
DuoDote Auto-Injector
Paramedic
EMS professional trained in ALS interventions
EMT or emergency medical technician
EMS professional trained in BLS interventions
AEMT or advanced EMT
EMS professional trained in some ALS interventions
The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based mostly on:
EMS research.
Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?
EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency.
Compensated Shock
Early stage of shock
.... pregnancy and spontaneous abortion are two conditions that can cause vaginal bleeding in women who do not appear to be pregnant and may not even realize that they are pregnant.
Ectopic
Cavitation
Emanation of pressure waves that can damage nearby structures
A system that assists dispatchers in selecting appropriate units to respond to a particular call for assistance and provides callers with vital instructions until the arrival of EMS crews
Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD)
The first trained professional, such as a police officer, firefighter, lifeguard, or other rescuers, to arrive at the scene of an emergency to provide initial medical assistance.
Emergency Medical Responder (EMR)
The use of lights and sirens
Emergency mode
A 12 yr-old- male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?
Energy transmission to the spine
Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?
Engorged jugular veins
What should you do before attempting to access a patient trapped in a vehicle?
Ensure the vehicle is stable.
Tough external layer forming a watertight covering for the body
Epidermis
A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the most important treatment for this patient is:
Epinephrine
occur when there is excess pressure within the portal system and surrounding vessel; may lead to life-threatening bleeding
Esophageal Varices
Heat loss resulting from sweating
Evaporation
E of Sample
Event
Displacement of organs outside body
Evisceration
Exposed intestines
Evisceration
PPE
Examples include gloves, gowns, and face shields
Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct?
External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.
Anaphylaxis is most accurately defined as a(n):
Extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems
Syncope
Fainting
Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct?
Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.
Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should
Firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion
Posterior region below the margin of the lower rib cage. Another name for the right and left upper quadrants.
Flank
Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy for managing stress?
Focus on delivering high-quality patient care
In general, a maximum of ... dose(s) of nitroglycerine is/are given for any one episode of chest pain
three
You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:
transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.
You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:
tuberculosis.
abandonment
unilateral termination of Care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making Provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient
abandonment
unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patient's consent and without making provisions for transferring care to another medical professional with the skills and training necessary to meet the needs of the patient
assault
unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm
assault
unlawfully placing the patient in fear of bodily harm
battery
unlawfully touching a patient or providing Emergency Care without consent
U of AVPU
unresponsive
bradycardia
unusually slow heart rhythm less than 60 beats per minute
... describes severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood
uremia
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
ureters.
basilar skull fractures
usually occur following diffuse impact to the Head generally result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull and can be difficult to diagnose with radiograph
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" represents:
ventricular contraction.
therapeutic communication
verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship.
You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:
viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.
Skeletal muscle is also called:
voluntary muscle.
The EMT's responsibility during search-and-rescue operations is to ....
wait at the staging area until the patient is located.
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the care of a patient with cerebral palsy?
walkers or wheelchairs should not be taken in the ambulance
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
If you use a waterless handwashing substitute in the field, it is important to:
wash your hands with soap and water at the hospital.
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:
waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.
Hemiparesis
weakness of one side of the body
******In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be
weakness or dizziness.
The MOST effective way to preserve your own body heat when functioning in cold, wet weather is to:
wear at least three layers of clothing.
When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:
wear gloves and facial protection.
proximate causation
when a person who has a duty abuses eat and causes harm to another individual, the EMT, the agency and or the medical director may be sued for negligence.
cultural imposition
when one person imposes his or her beliefs values and practices on another because he or she believed his or her ideals are superior.
Critical incident stress management or CISM can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances, EXCEPT:
when patients are actively being assessed or treated.
Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:
when performing endotracheal intubation.
cardiac arrest
when the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow pauses are not palpable in Cardiac Arrest even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart
When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is most important to determine
when the patient last appeared normal
Diverticulitis:
Gastrointestinal
cecum
when you first part of large intestine into which ileum opens
Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:
who have experienced a head injury.
Supplemental oxygen via nonrebreathing mask should be administered to patients:
with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.
A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:
with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.
A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing:
without assistance.
Urinary tract infections are more common in ...
women
The carpal bones form the:
wrist
standing orders
written documents, signed by the EMS system's medical director that outline specific directions, permissions and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care also called protocols.
interrogatories
written questions that the defense had plaintiff sent to one another.
standard of care
written, accepted levels of Emergency Care expected by reason of training and profession written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk or harm.
A positive TB skin test indicates that:
you have been exposed to the disease.
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:
your local EMS protocols.
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?
Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen it is known as;
Guarding
When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:
Guarding
Penetrating wound
Gunshot wound
Pelvic inflammatory disease:
Gynecologic
stridor
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound, usually resulting from upper airway obstruction
stridor
Harsh, high-pitched sound, usually resulting from upper airway obstruction.
A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the most compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?
He is currently not prescribed any medications
Federal legislation passed in 1996 Its main effect in EMS is in limiting availability of patients' health care information and penalizing violations of patient privacy.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Hemophilia:
Hematologic
A ... is the protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening.
Hernia
wheezing
High-pitched, whistling breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and typically heard on expiration
Insulin
Hormones that enables glucose to enter the cells
Mechanism of injury or MOI
How trauma occurs
... pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressures.
Hydrostatic
___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid and occurs when blood is moved through the artery at relatively high pressures.
Hydrostatic
Shock
Hypoperfusion
Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? Hypoglycemia Hypovolemia A postictal state Intracranial bleeding
Hypovolemia
Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?
Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury
Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ...
Hypoxic drive
artery
I blood vessels consisting of three layers of tissue and smooth muscle that carries blood away from the heart
A of PERRLA
I come with dating look close: constrict, look for: dilate
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
If the patient has a chemical agent in the eyes, you should irrigate them quickly and thoroughly, at least 5 to ....
If the patient has a chemical agent in the eyes, you should irrigate them quickly and thoroughly, at least 5 to 10 minutes for acid substances and 15 to 20 minutes for alkali substance.
A surgical opening between the small intestine and the outside of the body
Ileostomy
emergency medical care
Immediate care or treatment.
In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following?
Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient. Call for a female EMT or ALS care provider. Discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator.
Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?
Improperly placed lab belt
Which of the following is considered a priority when determining what needs to be done during the scene size-up?
Incident stabilization
First year of life
Infancy
Sickle cell disease
Inherited disease that affects red blood cells
Penetrating trauma
Injury caused by objects that pierce the surface of the body
Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?
Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.
The amniotic fluid serves to
Insulate and protect the fetus
bleeding is any bleeding in a cavity or space inside the body
Internal
The delivery of medication directly into a vein.
Intravenous (IV) therapy
Which of the following breathing patterns is most indicative of increased intracranial pressure?
Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea
How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?
It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.
Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?
It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.
With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct?
It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult.
Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?
It is under control of the autonomic nervous system.
Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is not true?
It most commonly occurs with a fractured femur.
Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is true?
It occurs 6 to 12 hours after an injury. It is usually a result of excessive bleeding, a severely crushed extremity, or the rapid return of blood to an ischemic limb. It is characterized by pain that is out of proportion to the injury.
Which of the following statements regarding the Good Samaritan law is correct?
It will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence.
forward curling of the spine Humpback or hunchback, caused by atrophy of supporting structures of the body
Kyphosis
Razor cut
Laceration
L of Sample
Last oral intake
****Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during
Lateral collisions
Implied Consent
Legal assumption that treatment was desired
accessory muscles
Lisa Kendra muscles of respiration they include the neck muscle sternocleidomastoids, the chest pectoralis major muscles and the abdominal muscles
Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?
Low-flow oxygen
A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
Mallory-Weiss tear.
Secrete a watery substance that lubricates the openings of the mouth and nose
Mucous membranes
A document created by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that outlines the skills performed by various EMS providers.
National EMS Scope of Practice Model
Which of the following is a pertinent negative to note during your assessment of a patient with chest trauma?
No associated shortness of breath No rapid breathing No areas of deformity
Which of the following is NOT a pertinent negative to note during your assessment of a patient with chest trauma?
No heart murmurs
.... passes from the blood through capillaries to tissue cells
Oxygen
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
P: pancreas except tail U: ureters. C: colon ascending and descending K: kidneys. E: (o)esophagus. R: rectum.
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?
Pancreas
ileus
Paralysis of the bowel, arising from any one of several causes; stops contractions that move material through the intestine
An individual who has extensive training in advanced life support, including endotracheal intubation, emergency pharmacology, cardiac monitoring, and other advanced assessment and treatment skills.
Paramedic
Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?
Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.
Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?
Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?
Patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients.
Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following?
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Which of the following is the most accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point.
Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Positive-pressure ventilations
A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:
Pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume
... involves the decisions made and basic planning done before an incident occurs
Preparedness
Child 3 to 6 years of age
Preschool-age
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occuring.
Primary Prevention
The designated are in which the EMS agency is responsible for the provision of prehospital emergency care and transportation to the hospital.
Primary Service Area (PSA)
Glucose
Primary fuel, along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism
Advanced life support or ALS
Procedures such as cardiac monitoring, intravenous medications, and advanced airway adjuncts.
Infection control
Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel
Absorption
Process by which medications travel through body tissue
Potential energy
Product of mass, gravity, and height
cumulative stress reactions
Prolonged or excessive stress.
... is a state of delusion in which the person is out of touch with reality
Psychosis
Heat loss resulting from standing in a cold room
Radiation
If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood rises above normal, the patient breathes:
Rapidly and deeply.
Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?
Red blood cells
Autonomic Nervous System
Regulates inventory body functions
Asthma:
Respiratory
Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?
Rohypnol
Which of the following is considered a type of motor vehicle collision?
Rollover
The skin covering the .... is quite thick:
Scalp
The stinger from a honeybee should be:
Scraped away from the skin
Produce oil, which waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple
Sebaceous glands
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent.
Secondary Prevention
Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?
Secondary sexual development begins.
S of OPQRST
Severity
Tubes that drain fluid from the brain or other parts of the body
Shunt
Contradiction
Situation in which a drug should not be given
Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?
Spleen
Hollow organs
Stomach, small intestine, uterus
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?
Stridor
hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as
Stroke
leukotriene
Substance made by body that is released in anaphylaxis
Perfusion
Sufficient circulation to meet cell needs
In which of the following situations would the EMTs most likely utilize a police escort?
The EMTs are unfamiliar with the location, but the police officer knows the area
Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?
The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.
During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard Sample questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following?
The amount of time since of the patient's last menstrual cycle The possibility that the patient may be pregnant If the patient is sexually active
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.
aphasia
The inability to understand and/or produce speech.
Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?
The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.
orientation
The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person: name, place: current location, time: current year, and approximate date, and event: what happened
Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?
The patient takes rivaroxaban or Xeralto.
chief complaint
The reason a patient called for help
****Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?
The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury.
airborne transmission
The spread of an organism via droplets or dust
extension
The straightening of a joint.
bioethics
The study of ethics related to issues that arise in health care.
Indication
Therapeutic use for a particular medication
Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct?
There is no vaccine against HIV infection.
Which of the following statement regarding injected poisons is False?
They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream
Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?
They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.
Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?
They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding patients with autism?
They will talk with normal tone and speech patterns.
You respond to a house fire with the local fire department, they bring a 48 year old woman out of the house. She is unconscious but her airways is open. Her breathing is shallow and 30breathspm. Her pulse is 110 beatspm. Her BP is 108/72 mm hg. She has been burned over 40% of her body. The burned area appears to be dry and leathery. IT looks charred and has pieces of fabric embedded in the flesh. You know that this type of burn is considered a:
Third degree burn
.... May reverse stroke symptoms and even stop the stroke if given within 2 to 3 hours of the onset of symptoms.
Thrombolytic therapy or clot dissolvers
Adsorption
To bind or stick together
Child 1 to 3 years of age
Toddler
Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.
Which of the following is an example of a brand (trade) name of a drug?
Tylenol
A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed.
Type I
The type ... ambulance is a standard van with a forward-control integral cab body.
Type two
Connect mother and infant
Umbilical cord
Assault
Unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm.
The ___ system is responsible for filtering waste.
Urinary
The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to ....
Use a human body as a home
Impedance threshold device or ITD
Valve device that helps to draw more blood back to the heart during chest compressions
.... covers the lung.
Visceral pleura
The area located between the hot zone and the cold zone at a hazardous materials incident.
Warm zone
Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?
You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.
The index of suspicion is most accurately defined as:
Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries
a
a
Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?
a 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin
You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category?
a 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?
a 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:
a specialist may need to be called.
ambulance
a specialized vehicle for treating and transporting sick and injured patients
coma
a state of profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot roused
Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following:
a stiff or painful neck. altered mental status. headache and fever.
allergen
a substance that causes an allergic reaction
CPR should be initiated when:
a valid living will is unavailable.
standard of care
accepted level of care consistent with training
In preconventional reasoning, children:
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
acute anxiety
a 39 year old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. he is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. after manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway you should
administer high flow oxygen
A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:
administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.
The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:
adsorption
The most significant complication associated with facial injuries is:
airway compromise.
inability to remember events after an injury
anterograde amnesia
You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should:
apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself.
You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:
apply direct pressure above and below the wound.
While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert, and breathing; has bilateral radial pulses; and has points to his severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should:
assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients.
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to:
assist a patient with certain prescribed medications.
A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:
assist the patient's ventilations.
A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT:
at a distance when the patient is first seen.
Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:
at the feet
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is most often related to:
atherosclerosis
A of IPA
auscultate listen
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
beta-1 receptors.
dependent lividity
blood settling to the lowest point of the body causing discoloration of the skin; a definitive sign of death.
The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT:
breath holding.
When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be:
brief and easily understood.
The trachea divides into the right and left main stem. .
bronchi
battle sign
bruising behind an ear over the mastoid process that may indicate skull fracture
atherosclerosis
calcium and cholesterol build up inside blood vessels
A 54-year-old golfer collapsed on the 17th green at the golf course. His friend said he wasn't feeling well after the eighth hole, but insisted on walking and finishing out the game. His skin is pale, cool, and diaphoretic, and he provides incoherent answers to your questions. An initial blood glucose measurement indicates 65 mg/dL. The patient loses consciousness and a second blood glucose level reads 48 mg/dL. You should:
call for, or rendezvous with, an ALS unit. ensure a patent airway. provide high-flow oxygen.
In what manner should you act and speak with a patient?
calm and confident
The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:
capillaries
Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called:
capsules.
Down syndrome patients are at an increased risk for medical complications. All of the followings are potential complications?
cardiovascular complications gastrointestinal complications endocrine complications
Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:
cataracts
When you begin an oral report, you should state the patient's age, sex, and:
chief complaint
adolescents
children between ages 12 to 18 years
With regard to the assessment of a patient's cardiovascular status, capillary refill time is most reliable in:
children who are younger than 6 years of age.
any fracture in which the skin has not been broken
closed fracture
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:
closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.
Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following
clotting of the line. a local infection. bleeding around the line.
cataracts
clouding of the lens of the eye or its surrounding transparent membrane
platelet aggregation is called
clumping
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
coccyx
Often the most important intervention for a sexual assault patient is ... and transport to a facility with a staff specially trained to deal with this scenario.
comforting reassurance
The descending aorta branches into the:
common iliac arteries.
Your EMS system uses a computerized PCR in which you fill in the information electronically and then send it to the emergency department via a secure Internet server. The PCR has a comprehensive series of drop-down boxes, which are used to identify your assessment findings and specify the treatment that you provided; it also has a section for your narrative. When completing your PCR after a call, you should:
complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented.
The transparent tissue layer in front of the pupil and iris of the eye.
cornea
Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:
cough.
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that it is grossly irregular. You should:
count the pulse rate for a full minute to obtain an accurate reading.
When treating a patient with an evisceration, you should;
cover the protruding contents with moist, sterile gauze compresses
compensatory damages
damages awarded in a civil lawsuit that are intended to restore the plaintiff to the same condition that he or she was in prior to the incident
area where individuals can be exposed to sharp objects and hazardous material
danger zone
Drowning is most accurately defined as:
death from suffocation after submersion in water.
Significant clues to the possibility of severe injuries in motor vehicle collisions include:
death of a passenger
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following:
decerebrate posturing. widening pulse pressure. CSF leakage from the ears.
putrefaction
decomposition of body tissues; a definitive sign of death.
During inhalation the pressure in the chest
decreases
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine?
decreases heart rate and blood pressure
Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it:
defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure.
D of DCAP-BTLS
deformities
While transporting a patient, you continue to recheck the splint you applied. You know that improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following:
delay in transport of a patient with a life threatening injury. aggravation of the distal circulation. compression of nerves, tissues, and blood vessels.
Burns are classified according to:
depth and extent
A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unconscious, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should:
direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.
breach of confidentiality
disclosure of information without proper authorization
A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the
distal humerus
Which of the following is generally not acceptable when interviewing an older patient?
do not initiate eye contact, because many geriatric patients might find this disrespectful
When documenting abnormal behavior, it is important to:
document everything that happened on the call.
You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining-a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:
document this on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.
The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:
dorsalis pedis.
After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should:
draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it.
Esophageal varices most commonly occur in patients who:
drink a lot of alcohol.
Where would you most likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor?
driver's license
Infection should be a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:
drooling or congestion
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:
elasticity of the lungs decreases.
A patient with a barrel chest and a "puffing" style of breathing most likely has
emphysema
adrenal glands
endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenaline when stimulated by sympathetic nervous system
buboes
enlarged lymph node how to the size of a tennis ball that are characteristic in people infected with the bubonic plague
during the initial assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should
ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed
The primary duty of the triage division is to:
ensure that every patient receives a primary assessment
Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:
entrapment in a structural fire.
The "E" of the GEMS diamond stands for:
environmental assessment
The leaf-shaped flap of tissue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:
epiglottis
A patient without a history of seizures experiences a sudden convulsion. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:
epilepsy.
Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:
epinephrine and norepinephrine.
E of PERRLA
equal same size
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:
evaporation
alert and oriented X4
event, what happened
You are assessing a middle-aged man with chest pain that you suspect is caused by a cardiac problem. The patient tells you that he does not want to go to the hospital and insists that you leave him alone. You should:
explain the seriousness of the situation to him, but avoid causing undue alarm.
Hyperglycemia
extremely high blood glucose level
The ... connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.
fallopian tubes
slander
false and damaging information about a person that is communicated by the spoken word.
libel
false and damaging information about a person that is communicated in writing.
When considering his or her personal life, it is important for the EMT to realize that:
family or friends may not understand the stress associated with EMS.
Ketone production is the result of:
fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.
Extinguishing fires, preventing additional ignition, and removing any spilled fuel is primarily the responsibility of _______ _______.
fire fighters
A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is:
flushed and red.
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is most important to:
follow standard precautions
All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:
frostbite.
All of the following terms are used to describe a cold body part that is not frozen:
frostnip. chilblains. trench foot.
The ambulance inspection should include checks of:
fuel level brake fluid wheels and tires
psychological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal:
functional disorder
wheezing
high pitched, whistling breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and typically heard on expiration
the area immediately surrounding hazardous materials spill/incident site that is directly dangerous to life and health
hot zone
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:
hot, dry skin.
Behavior
how a person functions who acts in response to his or her environment
The ... deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression, and EMT compensation.
human resources department
The supporting bone of the arm is the:
humerus
Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT
hyperglycemia
You are assessing a 70-year old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high". She is conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 95/92 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:
hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome
Which of the following is not a common cause of altered mental status in pediatric patients?
hypertension
The most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:
hypertension.
The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is:
hypoglycemia
Assessing the blood pressure and oxygen saturation of a patient with a behavioral crisis should be performed:
if doing so will not worsen his or her emotional distress.
A pediatric patient who is breathing 12 breaths/min would be categorized as:
immediate
Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:
increased intracranial pressure
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
increased preload
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to ...
infection
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
inferior
Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:
inferior vena cava.
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than two years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
appendicitis
inflammation or infection of the appendix
chest rises
inhalation
closed head injury
injury in which the brain has been injured but the skin has not been broken and there is no obvious bleeding
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.
The most common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at:
intersections
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be most concerned with the possibility of:
intracranial bleeding
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the:
intranasal route.
Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained?
intraosseous (IO)
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:
involves physical injury to the brain tissue.
Muscle and surrounding tissue behind the cornea that dilate and constrict the pupil.
iris
Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.
A simple pneumothorax:
is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.
Which of the following signs would indicate that your partner is experiencing significant stress?
isolation from the rest of the crew
The AED is most advantageous to the EMT because:
it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.
When a light is shone into the pupil:
it should become smaller in size
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?
kidney
The energy of a moving object is called:
kinetic energy.
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be most suspicious that this patient has experienced a:
laceration of the aorta.
L of DCAP-BTLS
lacerations
A hematoma develops when:
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.
Which of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when assessing a person's potential for violence?
large physical size
In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are ...
larger in proportion to the abdomen
The vocal cords are located in the:
larynx
A(n) _______ ________ ________ _________ is a special piece of medical equipment that takes over the function of either one or both heart ventricles.
left ventricular assist device
Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered:
legal but unethical.
The transparent part of the eye through which the images are focused on the retina.
lens
L of PERRLA
light do pupils react when gentle light is shined into them
People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:
married males older than 30 years.
The upper jawbones are called the:
maxillae
urticaria
multiple raised areas on the skin that itch or burn.
An ambulance call has ________ phases.
nine
O of OPQRST
onset
Heroin is an example of a(n)
opioid
Children not only have a higher metabolic rate, but also a higher _________ _________, which is twice that of an adult.
oxygen demand
When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:
palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.
Abnormalities in metabolism are most likely caused by dysfunction of the:
pancreas
Ileus
paralysis of the bowel
A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would most likely result in:
paralysis of the intercostal muscles.
An EMS provider who has extensive training in various aspects of advanced life support (ALS) is called a(n):
paramedic
Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the
paramedic.
The _______ lines the inner chest wall
parietal pleura
Upon arrival at a trench rescue operation, you should ...
park at least 500 feet from the incident
When you arrive at the scene where there is a potential for hazardous materials exposure:
park your unit uphill of the scene
bloodborne pathogens
pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. these pathogens include but are not limited to Hepatitis B Wireless and human immunodeficiency virus HIV.
The ________ ________ ________ is a structured assessment tool that allows you to rapidly form a general impression of the pediatric patient's condition without touching him or her.
pediatric assessment triangle pediatric assessment triangle
The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:
pediatric pads and an energy reducing device are available
In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner.
peer-assisted
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?
pelvic fracture with hypotension
Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:
peptic ulcer disease.
You respond to the scene of a motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, you find the driver, a young female, sitting on the curb. She is confused, is in obvious respiratory distress, and has pale, moist skin. As your partner manually stabilizes her head, you perform a primary assessment. After performing any immediate livesaving treatment, you should:
perform a rapid scan of her entire body and prepare for immediate transport.
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office in order to:
perform blood glucose monitoring.
circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells
perfusion
sac around the heart
pericardium
During your assessment of a 6-month-old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this information, you should conclude that his:
peripheral circulation is decreased.
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the
peripheral nervous system
blood may irritate the ... and cause the patient to report abdominal pain
peritoneal cavity
consent
permission to render care
After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:
place additional dressings over the wound.
When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:
place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags
When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:
place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.
When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would most likely have to:
place blankets behind the patient's head.
A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should
place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.
Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?
places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
The development of an incident action plan is the responsibility of the:
planning section.
A young male jumped from a tree and landed feet first. What aspect of his body has sustained the initial injury?
plantar
A ..... results when an injury allows air to enter through a hole in the chest wall or the surface of the lung as the patient attempts to breathe, causing the lung on that side to collapse.
pneumothorax
Carina
point at which the trachea bifurcates into the left and right main stem bronchi
Crepitus and false motion are:
positive indicators of a fracture
abruptio placenta
premature separation of the placenta from the walls of the uterus
The function of the National Incident Management System or NIMS is to:
prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.
A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your most immediate action should be to:
protect her airway from aspiration.
You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:
protect the affected part from further injury.
White blood cells are also called leukocytes and function by:
protecting the body from infection.
You are dispatched to a middle school for a 16-year-old female experiencing an asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in severe respiratory distress. The school nurse informs you that she has tried several times to contact the patient's parents but has not been successful. You should:
provide treatment up to your level of training and transport the child at once.
An infant or small toddler would most likely gain trust in an individual who:
provides an organized, routine environment.
Which of the following is a unique function of the emergency medical dispatcher or EMD?
providing callers with life-saving instructions
A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:
pulmonary contusion
the left atrium receives blood from
pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
pulmonary veins.
The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood are the:
pulmonary veins.
P of PERRLA
pupils appropriately sized
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is:
rapid
tachycardia
rapid heart rhythm greater than 100 beats per minute
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should:
recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs.
The primary function of the right atrium is to:
receive blood from the vena cava.
In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?
recent travel
If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:
recognize that this does not mean it will save more lives.
A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should
remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.
Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is most likely due to:
renal insufficiency
After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should:
repeat the order to medical control word for word.
When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:
repeat the primary assessment.
A ... receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.
repeater
When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by:
repeating statements back to him or her.
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing.
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:
report the incident to the appropriate authorities.
While assisting an advanced life support or ALS ambulance crew, you are accidentally stuck with an IV needle. You should:
report the incident to your supervisor after the call.
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:
request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine.
When driving with lights and siren, you are .... drivers to yield the right-of-way.
requesting
Treatment of drowning or near drowning begins with:
rescue and removal from the water.
The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called:
residual volume.
Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:
resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.
"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for
respiratory patients
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
retreat at once and call law enforcement.
Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?
right
A ventricular atrium shunt drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the:
right atrium of the heart.
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
right atrium.
The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:
right side cerebrum.
Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:
rupture of a central vein
The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.
sacrum
The skin covering the _____ is quite thick?
scalp
S of CSM
sensation can you feel this
What set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?
sensory
reassess pulse, motor, and ... functions in all extremitie
sensory functions in all extremitie
The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.
seven
anaphylactic shock
severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
A generalized seizure is characterized by:
severe twitching of all the body's muscles.
S of Sample
sign and symptoms
When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following:
signs of illness, including medication, humidifiers, and thermometers the general condition of the house the site where the infant was discovered
access requires no special tools and training
simple access
Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes what mode of communication?
simplex
simplex
single frequency radio; transmissions can occur in either direction but not simultaneously in both when one party transmits; the other can only receive, and the party that is transmitting is unable to receive.
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
sinoatrial node.
The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:
sinoatrial or SA node.
You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.
slander
Some women experience ... during ovulation.
slight cramping
You should be most suspicious that a patient has experience a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
slow
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:
slows the heart and respiratory rates.
Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a/an:
spinal cord injury
Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:
spleen
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the:
spleen.
Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is most often controlled by:
splinting the extremity.
A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
spontaneous pneumothorax
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is most important for you to:
stabilize her entire spine
During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:
stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.
Two important underlying principles of the NIMS are flexibility and
standardization.
You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should:
start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.
While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should:
stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing
The purpose of defibrillation is to:
stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.
The Hering-Breuer reflex is stimulated when:
stretch receptors in the chest wall detect that the lungs are too full.
skeletal muscle
striated
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway?
stridor
Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?
stridor
Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:
stroke volume and heart rate.
Neck rigidity, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and headache are associated with what kind of bleeding in the brain?
subarachnoid hemorrhage
bronchioles
subdivision of the smaller bronchi in the lungs made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli
accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain
subdural hematoma
Once the infant's head has been delivered:
suction the infant's mouth, then the nose.
When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:
sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled.
Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:
sunken fontanelles
A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:
supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.
Lighting at a scene, establishing a tool and equipment area, and marking for a helicopter landing all fall under:
support operations
Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):
suspension
cerebral edema
swelling of the brain
T of DCAP-BTLS
tenderness, ochies
Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:
tendons
Returning the emergency unit to service is part of the ...
termination phase
According to the CDC, recommended immunizations and tests include a:
tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years.
In the eyes of the court, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:
that inadequate patient care was administered.
duplex
the ability to transmit and receive simultaneously.
Multiplex
the ability to transmit audio and data signals through the use of more than one communication channel.
calcaneus
the heel bone
cover
the tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection
During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV).
70 to 80 mL
Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale or GCS score of:
8
The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than ... years or who appear to weigh less than ...
8, 100 lb
Most heat stroke cases occur when the temperature is around _________ and the humidity is 80%.
80 degrees F
Normal blood glucose levels range from:
80 to 120 mg/dL
**** Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:
9
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
9 and 18 months.
The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is:
90 mm Hg.
bilateral
A body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline.
Anxious-avoidant attachment
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver in which the infant is repeatedly rejected and develops an isolated lifestyle that does not depend on the support and care of others.
Secure attachment
A bond between an infant and his or her parent or caregiver, in which the infant understands that his or her parents or caregivers will be responsive to his or her needs and take care of him or her when he or she needs help
CQI or continuous quality improvement
A system of internal reviews and audits
ischemia
A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.
duty to act
A medicolegal term relating to certain relating to certain personnel who either by Statute or by function have a responsibility to provide care.
Which of the following general statements regarding consent is most correct?
A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.
Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?
A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle.
Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency?
A person violently attacking family members
emancipated minors
A person who is under the legal age in a given State but because of other circumstances is legally considered an adult.
critical incident stress management or CISM
A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them directing the Emergency Services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?
A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back
Which of the following statements regarding a patient with a behavioral crisis is correct?
A quiet patient is not as likely to attack you as one who is screaming.
Which of the following is not a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?
A rapid heart rate
tachycardia
A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats per min.
Postconventional Reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.
Conventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.
American Standard safety system
A safety system for large oxygen cylinders designed to prevent The Accidental attachment of a regulator to a cylinder containing the wrong type of gas
petit mal seizure.
A type of seizure that involves brief, sudden lapses in attention.
Channel
An assigned frequency or frequencies that are used to carry voice and or data communications
A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:
An ectopic pregnancy
Allergic reaction
An exaggerated immune response to any substance.
Aphasia
An inability to produce or understand speech
Moro Reflex
An infant in which. when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things
Rooting Reflex
An infant reflex that occurs when something touches an infant's cheek, and the infant instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.
Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's.
General Adaptation Syndrome
The process of alarm, reaction and recovery
triage
The process of sorting patients based on the severity of injury and medical need to establish treatment and transportation priorities
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct?
The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug.
Always consider ... in patients who were eating just before becoming short of breath.
Upper airway obstruction.
Medical evacuation of a patient by helicopter.
Medivac
abduction
Motion of a limb away from the midline.
adduction
Motion of a limb toward the midline.
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the:
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration or NHTSA.
Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality?
Psychosis
A call center, staffed by trained personnel who are responsible for managing requests for police, fire, and ambulance services.
Public Safety Access Point
Focused on examining the health needs of entire populations with the goal of preventing health problems.
Public health
Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect
Pulmonary embolism
What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?
Somatic
Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?
The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling.
Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?
The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.
arachnoid and pia mater
The inner two layers of the meninges. Much thinner than the dura mater, they contain the blood vessels that nourish the brain and spinal cord.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy.
A patient with a blunt trauma who is holding the lateral side of his chest and has rapid and shallow respirations is most likely suffering from:
Rib fractures.
Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?
Rotational and rollover
hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body
Asthma produces a characteristic ... as patients attempt to exhale through partially obstructed air passages.
Wheezing
carbon dioxide retention
a condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in reaching the respiratory Center no longer response to high blood levels of carbon dioxide
actue abdomen
a condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen
acute abdomen
a condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen usually indicating peritonitis immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary
Age-related changes in the renal system result in:
a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.
During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:
a decreased ability to cough
post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD
a delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident and may relate to an incident that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm.
breech presentation
a delivery in which the buttocks come out first
automated external defibrillator AED
a device that detects treatable life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia and delivers the appropriate electric shock to the patient
ecchymosis
a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath, typically caused by bruising.
anthrax
a disease caused by deadly bacteria bacillus anthracis that lay dormant in a spore
communicable disease
a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another
atherosclerosis
a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels for me plug eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow
atherosclerosis
a disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels , forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow
Negative pressure breathing involves:
a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.
China abuse
a general term applied to all form of abuse and neglect of children
autism spectrum disorder ASD
a group of complex disorders of brain development characterized by difficulties in social interaction repetitive behaviors and verbal or non-verbal Communication
cerebral palsy
a group of disorders characterized by poorly controlled body movement
acute coronary syndrome
a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia include angina and myocardial infraction
community paramedicine
a healthcare model in which experienced paramedics receive Advanced Training to equip them to provide additional services in prehospital environment
acute myocardial infarction AMI
a heart attack death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it in this context the attack is new or happening right now
You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with ...
a hematoma in the flank region
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
a slow process of dilation and disruption of the Airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction
appendix
a small tubular structure that is attached to the lower border of the cecum in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen
repeater
a special base stations radio receives messages and signals on one freuency and then automatically retransmitt them on a second frequency
If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ...
apply direct pressure first. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing.
amputation
an injury in which part of the body is completely severed
Avulsion
an injury in which soft tissue is torn completely lose or is hanging as a flap
closed abdominal injury
an injury in which there is soft tissue damage inside the body but the skin remains intact
closed chest injury
an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken usually caused by blunt trauma
When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is
an ischemic stroke
carbon monoxide
an odorless colorless tasteless and highly poisonous gas that results from in complete oxidation of carbon in combustion
activated charcoal
an oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses
bacterial vaginosis
an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina characterized by itching burning or pain and possibly a fishy smelling discharge
Channel
and it's fine frequency or frequencies that are used to carry voice and or data communication
Aspirin acetyl salicylic acid or ASA
and medication that is an antipyretic analgesic anti-inflammatory and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation
an abnormal, blood filled dilation of the wall of a blood vessel.
aneurysm
You and your partner respond to the residence of a 66-year-old male with shortness of breath. As you are assessing the patient, his wife tells you that he was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient is verbally abusive and tells you that failure of the health care system caused his disease. What stage of the grieving process is this patient's behavior consistent with?
anger
When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:
angina.
Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:
animals or insects.
As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:
another EMT.
Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following except:
anxiety
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), rales, and dependent edema are clinical indicators of:
congestive heart failure.
****A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:
conjunctivitis.
The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by:
connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain.
A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:
consider asking the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.
The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter," is called the:
cerebrum
The three major parts of the brain are the:
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.
Injury to the head and neck may indicate injury to the
cervical spine
Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order.
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F or 21°C, heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:
conduction.
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should:
confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.
While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should:
confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.
Immediately after being dispatched to a residence for an elderly patient with diabetic complications, you should:
confirm with dispatch that you received the call information.
All information recorded on the PCR must be:
considered confidential.
Ethnocentrism is defined as:
considering your own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.
Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse
consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver
When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:
constricting
Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:
constriction of the blood vessels.
The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:
diabetic ketoacidosis.
Signs of excited delirium include:
diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:
diaphoretic.
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is most indicative of a ruptured:
diaphragm.
The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the
diaphragm.
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:
diastole
An EMT would most likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she:
did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient.
Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, except: drowsiness. tachycardia. headache. dizziness.
drowsiness.
Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:
dry the chest off if it is wet
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
drying of the eyes
Common signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following, except: abdominal cramps. drying of the eyes. flushing of the skin. persistent dry cough.
drying of the eyes.
If there are downed power lines near a vehicle involved in a crash, you should:
have the patient remain in the vehicle
Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?
have you had a sonogram?
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should:
have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.
Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
hazardous materials gear
breach of confidentiality
he's closure of information without proper authorization
Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of sudden severe
headache
Which of the following is an example of a symptom?
headache
You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is most pertinent to ask him if he:
has a history of eye surgeries.
A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic or fibrinolytic therapy if he or she:
has bleeding within the brain.
You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:
has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.
A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her:
has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person.
When a woman presents with abdominal pain or other vague symptoms, the EMT is often unable to determine the nature of the problem until he or she:
has gathered patient history information.
When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:
have a female EMT remain with her if possible
Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you
have been infected in the past.
Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would most likely be delayed in patients who:
have chronic hypertension.
For many decades after 1906, a(n) __________ was the vehicle that was most often used as an ambulance.
hearse
The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:
heart disease
To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:
have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
heat.
The least common but most serious illness caused by heat exposure, occurring when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle and normal mechanisms for getting rid of the excess heat are overwhelmed, is:
heatstroke
Blood in the urine is known as:
hematuria.
A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should
immobilize him with a vest-style device
Asthma is caused by a response of the:
immune system
Which of the following is the most significant factor in determining if a person will become ill from certain germs?
immunity
Which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mentally incapacitated?
implied
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.
The rate and amount of heat loss by the body can be modified by all the following except
increasing fluid intake
All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:
increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume
Awareness of and concern for potentially serious obvious and underlying injuries is referred to as the:
index of suspicion.
Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:
individual EMT.
Most poisonings occur via the ... route.
ingestion
routes of entry for anthrax are
inhalation cutaneous gastrointestinal from consuming foods contain spores
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
inhalation.
What is the function of platelets?
initial formation of a blood clot
The dorsal respiratory group (DRG) is a part of the brain stem and is responsible for:
initiating inspiration.
Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ... is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.
injection
closing injuries
injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of me skin remains intact
axial loading injuries
injuries in which note is applied along the Vertical World longitudinal excess of the spine which results in load being transmitted along the entire length of vertebral column
barotrauma
injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces for example from too much pressure in the lungs
What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?
off-line
According to Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA regulations, an employer must:
offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk for exposure.
Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:
offer little or no side protection.
Inserting a(n) ________ ________ in a responsive patient may cause a spasm of the larynx and result in vomiting.
oropharyngeal airway
A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as:
orthostatic hypotension
Hip fractures are more likely to occur when bones are weakened by ________ or infection.
osteoporosis
central pulses
pauses that are closest to the central part of the body where the vital organs are located include the Carotid femoral and apical pulses
****Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:
pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.
In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:
pneumothorax
The presence of burning or blistering of the mucous membranes suggests ingestion of
poison
Patients develop septic shock secondary to:
poor vessel function and severe volume loss.
beta adrenergic receptor
portions of the nervous system that when assimilated can cause an increase in the force of contraction of the heart an increased heart rate and bronchial dilation
Alpha adrenergic receptors
portions of the nervous system that when is stimulated can cause constriction of blood vessels
You are treating a man with a closed head injury following an assault by a burglar. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone. You should:
proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement if necessary.
botulinum
produced by bacteria this is the most potent neurotoxin known when introduced into the body these neurotoxin affects the nervous system's ability ability to function and causes botulism
Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture can help to:
reduce pain, minimize damage to an already - injured extremity, make it easier to move the patient
antipyretic
reduces fever
analgesic
reduces pain
If a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately:
reevaluate his or her airway status.
in loco parentis
refers to the legal responsibilities of a person or organization to take on some of the functions and responsibilities of a parent.
A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be:
regular
General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT:
regularly using the siren as much as possible.
Medicolegal
relating to law or forensic medicine
When given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, nitroglycerin:
relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.
At a scene with downed electrical lines, the EMT should ...
remain outside the danger or hot zone
While staged at the scene of a structure fire, the EMT should ...
remain with the ambulance
In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is most directly related to:
shrinkage of the brain.
After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):
side effect.
Which of your senses can be safely used to identify a HazMat incident?
sight and sound
infection
the abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites with or without signs or symptoms of disease.
forcible restraint
the act of physically preventing an individual from initiating any physical action
Inhalation is ...
the active part of breathing.
alveoli
the air sacs of the lungs in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Tidal volume is ...
the amount of air moved during one breath.
carotid artery
the major artery that supplies blood to the Head and brain
branchial artery
the major vessel in the upper extremities that supplies blood to the arm
bends
the painful condition divers quickly in which gas station in nitrogen forms bubble in blood vessel and other tissues also called decompression sickness
Exhalation is ....
the part of breathing during which thorax size decreases.
autonomic nervous system
the part of the nervous system. Regulates involuntary activities of the body such as heart rate blood pressure and digestion of food
axial skeleton
the part of the skeleton comprising the skull spinal column and rib cage
You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:
the patient does not complain of pelvic pain.
When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:
the patient has been completely secured to the backboard
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:
the patient is clinically unstable.
In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?
the patient is competent and signs a release form
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the most appropriate to ask him?
"Do you have any heart problems or take any medications?"
Which of the following patient responses would establish the "E" in the SAMPLE history?
"I was mowing the lawn when the pain began."
You are interviewing a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to say?
"It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."
Which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient?
"Things will get better in time."
Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
"What seems to be the matter?"
You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he inadvertently ate a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts. The child's mother has an EpiPen that contains the appropriate dose of epinephrine for a child. What dose would that be?
0.15 mg
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the pediatric auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
0.3, 0.15
The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within ... following administration.
1 minute
From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:
1 month.
There is often a significant amount of blood loss, as much as 500 to .... mL, after a fracture of the shaft of the femur
1,000
An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.
100 mL
While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately ... to ... years of age.
11, 50
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
10 to 18 months
At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:
100 beats/min.
Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately ... per cubic foot.
100 lb
The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.
21%, 16%
Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing?
24 breaths per min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin
In supine patients with a head injury, the head should be elevated .... degrees to help reduce intracranial pressure.
30 degrees
A person is said to be obese when he or she is ... over his or her ideal weight.
30% or more
... and ... are two anatomic parts of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen.
44%
During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of:
7
thromboembolism
A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream.
Acute abdomen
A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary
A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:
A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called:
Syncope
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain due to a fall in blood pressure.
contributory negligence
A legal defense that many be raised when the defendant feels that the conduct of the plaintiff somehow contributed to any injuries or damages that were sustained by the plaintiff
Backboard
A long, flat board made of rigid, rectangular material that is used to provide support to a patient who i suspected of having a hip, pelvic, spinal, or lower extremity injury, also called a spine board, trauma board, and longboard.
cellular telephone
A low power portable radio that communicates through an interconnected series of repeater stations called "cells".
Shortly after loading your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. He is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?
A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time.
Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is most correct?
A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.
Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts abandonment?
A paramedic transfers patient care to an EMT.
toxin
A poison or harmful substance
toxin
A poison or harmful substance.
telemetry
A process in which electronic signals are converted into coded, audible signals; these signals can then be transmitted by radio or telephone to a receiver with a decoder at the hospital.
Which of the following most accurately describes a simple partial seizure?
A seizure that begins in one extremity
aura
A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur.
emergency
A serious situation such as injury or illness that threatens the life or welfare of a person or group of people and requires immediate intervention
bradycardia
A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per min.
mobile data terminal MDT
A small computer terminal inside the ambulance that directly receives data from the dispatch center.
repeater
A special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency
dedicated line
A special telephone line that is used for specific point-to-point communication also known as hotline
Wheeled ambulance stretcher
A specifically designed stretcher that can be rolled along the ground.
medicolegal
A term relating to medical jurisprudence law or forensic medicine.
Health care proxies
A type of advance directive executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his or her behalf in the event that person making the appointment loses decision-making capacity. also known as durable power of attorney for health care.
durable power of attorney for health care
A type of advance directives executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his or her behalf in the event that the person making the appointment loses decision-making capacity
expressed consent
A type of consent in which a patient gives verbal or non-verbal authorization for provision of care or transport.
A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following?
Activities of daily living Behavior that is acceptable to the community Dressing, eating, or bathing
While jogging, a 19 year old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
Administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?
Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine autoinjector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?
Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept.
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?
An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.
Child 12 to 18 years of age
Adolescent
An individual who has training in specific aspects of advanced life support, such as intravenous therapy, and the administration of certain emergency medications.
Advanced EMT (AEMT) Emergency Medical Technician
Advanced lifesaving procedures, some of which are now being provided by the EMT.
Advanced Life Support (ALS)
Advanced life support ALS
Advanced life-saving procedures including cardiac monitoring administration of intravenous fluids and medication and the use of advanced Airway adjuncts
ALS or advanced life support
Advanced procedures, such as drug administration
An open neck injury may result in ... if enough air is sucked into the blood vessel.
Air embolism
Patients may experience allergic reactions to which of the following substances? A. Plant material B. Food and medications C. Insect or animal bites and stings D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to ... rather than the bite or sting itself. A. injected poison B. irritating toxin C. deadly venom D. All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct.
Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, works rapidly to: A. raise the pulse rate and blood pressure. B. inhibit an allergic reaction. C. relieve bronchospasm. D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will ... A. protect itself B. go on alert C. attempt to inactivate the foreign substance D. all of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct.
Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?
Alzheimer dementia
Comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect individuals with disabilities against discrimination.
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
Dose
Amount of medication given
Which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge-based failure?
An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug.
Which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder or PTSD reaction?
An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.
Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct?
An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.
aneurysm
An abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall.
Anticholinergic
An agent that blocks the parasympathetic nerves
Cholinergic
An agent that overstimulates body functions controlled by parasympathetic nerves
Which of the following definitions of a mass-casualty incident is correct?
Any call that involves three or more patients
Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?
Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature
You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?
Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.
Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a(n) __________ problem, in which the body becomes allergic to its own tissues and literally destroys them.
Autoimmune
Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function?
Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light.
Clouding of the lens of the eye or its surrounding transparent membranes
Cataract
You respond to an 18 year-old man who has been assaulted with a baseball bat. He was hit in the chest. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. This condition is most likely related to:
Commotio Cordis
A process in which a person, an institution, or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical patient care.
Certification
The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
The neck of the uterus
Cervix
... improves the patient's quality of life before the patient dies and allows the patient to be with family and friends.
Comfort care, or palliative care
Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?
Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.
You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should
Continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident and reassure her as you provide care
Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the .... has been managed:
Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority
Heat loss that occurs from helicopter rotor blade down wash
Convection
Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following?
Ectopic pregnancy Vaginal trauma Spontaneous abortion
Action
Effect that a drug is expected to have
Which of the following is NOT a common exposure when dealing with pediatric burns?
Electrocution from poor wiring
A multidisciplinary system that represents the combined efforts of several professionals and agencies to provide prehospital emergency care to the sick and injured.
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
An individual who has training in basic life support, including automated external defibrillation, use of a definitive airway adjunct, and assisting patients with certain medications.
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
Diabetes mellitus:
Endocrine
Kinetic energy
Energy of a moving object
You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unconscious. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?
Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.
What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?
Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick."
Which of the following is a normal reaction to a crisis situation?
Feeling "blue" after the break up of a long term relationship
****A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her facial area and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:
Fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport
Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion or shock?
Gastrointestinal system
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control?
Give her oxygen, transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route.
Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain?
Gonorrhea
You are transporting a 54-year-old male in cardiac arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner attempt to resuscitate the patient. What is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital?
Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital.
You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?
His large body size
Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?
In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.
You respond to a 38-year-old man who fell while rock climbing. He is unconscious with an open airway. The respiration and pulse rates are within normal limits. His distal pulses are intact. You check his pupils and find that they are unequal. You know this could be a sign of:
Increased intracranial pressure.
You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask regarding the pain?
Is the pain constant or intermittent?
A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:
Is wrapped around the baby's neck
Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is most correct?
It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users.
Which of the following statements regarding stridor is most correct?
It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.
A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is most likely causing her pain?
Kidney
You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert, but has slurred speech. Her family tells she has history of TIAs and hypertension. You ask the patient, "What day is it today?" Her reply is, "Butterfly." Which area of the brain is affected?
Left hemisphere
Solid organs
Liver, pancreas, spleen
Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?
Local swelling and ecchymosis
Physician instructions given directly by radio or cell phone (online/direct) or indirectly by protocol/guidelines (off-line/indirect), as authorized by the medical director of the service program.
Medical Control
The physician who authorizes or delegates to the EMT the authority to provide medical care in the field.
Medical Director
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Most people with a mental illness are dangerous.
When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Motrin, and Digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)?
Motrin
Urticaria
Multiple raised areas on the skin that itch or burn.
Basic life support or BLS
Noninvasive emergency lifesaving care used to treat airway obstructions, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct?
OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge.
When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her
On a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches
When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?
Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
injury where there is a break in the skin or mucous membrane
Open abdominal injury
When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:
Osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall.
... are inserted when the electrical control system of the heart is so damaged that it cannot function properly.
Pacemakers
referred pain
Pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen;
Peritonitis may not develop for several hours
Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?
Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.
Tissue that develops on the wall of the uterus and is connected to the fetus
Placenta
Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes
Placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated
Allergen
Substance that causes an allergic reaction.
At 0500 hours, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion, when the pain woke him up. He also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. His vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse, 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. He is still complaining of chest pain. What actions should you take to intervene?
Provide high-flow oxygen
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:
Quadruples
Q of OPQRST
Quality
wheal
Raised swollen area on skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.
Wheal
Raised, swollen area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction
delayed stress reactions
Reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation.
acute stress reactions
Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation.
Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:
Referred pain
OSHA
Regulatory compliance agency
How does respiration differ from ventilation?
Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment.
Which of the following conditions would most likely affect the entire brain?
Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest
Blunt trauma
Result of force to the body that causes injury but does not pierce soft tissue or internal organs and cavities
When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from the right ear. This indicates:
Rupture of the tympanic membrane (TM) following diffuse impact to the head
Which of the following conditions would most likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy?
Seizure disorder
Scoop stretcher
Separates into two or four pieces
severe bleeding may occur with injury to
Severe bleeding may occur with injury to solid organs
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP would most likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?
Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
Multisystem trauma
Significant MOI that causes injuries to more than one body system
The use of lights and siren on an ambulance:
Signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way.
Which of the following statements regarding standing orders is most correct?
Standing orders should be followed when physician contact is not possible.
Which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is most correct?
Standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety.
When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the
Start of one to the start of the next
Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct?
The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing.
Complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment
Strangulation
Leukotriene
Substance made by body; released in anaphylaxis
When stabilizing a large foreign object in the eye, you should first cover the eye with a moist dressing, then:
Surround the object with a doughnut-shaped collar made from gauze.
Cool the body by discharging a substance through the pores
Sweat glands
Joints are bathed and lubricated by?
Synovial fluid
... is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts.
Systolic blood pressure
The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates
That the baby's airway may be obstructed
Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct?
The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to the disabled.
Adam's apple
The Firm prominence of cartilage that forms the upper part of the larynx it is more prominent in men than in women also called the thyroid cartilage
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.
flexion
The bending of a joint.
****A young boy was riding his bicycle down the street when he hit a parked car. What was the second collision?
The bike rider hitting his bike or the car
Which of the following most accurately describes hyperthermia?
The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.
You and your partner respond to a patient who has had his hang nearly severed by a drill press. As you approach, you note that the patient is pale and there appears to be a lot of blood on the floor. The wound continues to bleed copiously. After applying the tourniquet, you write .... and ... on a piece of adhesive tape and apply it to the patients forehead.
The letters TK and the exact time applies.
All of the following systems contain organs that make up the contents of the abdominal cavity EXCEPT:
The limbic system
cervix
The lower third, or neck, of the uterus; it is the narrowest portion of the uterus and opens into the vagina.
uterus
The muscular organ where the fetus grows, also called the womb; responsible for contractions during labor.
vagina
The outermost cavity of a woman's reproductive tract that connects the uterus with the vulva or the external female genitalia, the lower part of the birth canal.
Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?
The pain is worse when bending over
Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?
The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.
postictal state
The period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.
On inhalation, which of the following does NOT occur?
The pressure inside the chest increases
ovaries
The primary female reproductive organs that produce sex hormones and an ovum, or egg, that, if fertilized, will develop into a fetus.
Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction? Select one: A. Flushed, itching, or burning skin B. A sense of impending doom C. Tightness in the chest or throat
Tightness in the chest or throat
Substance abuse:
Toxicologic
A plastic tube placed in a stoma
Tracheostomy tube
****According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma pt if:
Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the pt to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome
You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle versus pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?
Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital.
Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?
Transport to an emergency department for evaluation
battery
Unlawfully touching a patient or providing Emergency Care without consent
stair chair
Used to carry patients up and down stairs
Recovery position
Used to maintain an open airway in an adequately breathing patient with a decreased level of consciousness
From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?
Uterus
MED channels
VHF and UHF channels that the federal Communications Commission has designated exclusively for EMS use.
.... can cause significant blood loss and lead to hypovolemia
Vaginal bleeding
You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:
Were you shot at or under fire?
When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence?
Why did your child ingest the poison?
Force acting over a distance is the definition of:
Work
bradycardia
a slow heart rate less than 60 beats per minute
Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the administration of ALS?
a 64-year-old cardiac arrest patient who is defibrillated with an automated external defibrillator AED
Spina bifida is most accurately defined as:
a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column.
Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is most consistent with:
a blowout fracture.
commotio cordis
a blunt chest injury caused by a sudden Direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person heartbeat
bilateral
a body part or condition that appears on both sides of the midline
morality
a code of conduct that can be defined by Society religion or a person affecting character conduct and conscience.
interoperable communications system
a combination system that uses voice over Internet Protocol VoIP technology to allow multiple agencies to communicate and transmit data.
ball and socket joint
a joint that allows internal and external rotation as well as bending
Examples of mass-casualty incident?
a loss of power to a hospital or nursing home with ventilator-dependent patients an apartment fire with one patient and the possibility of others trapped in the building a rollover crash of a school bus with eight children who have injuries of various severity
A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate:
a loss of vascular tone.
cellular telephone
a low-power portable radio dad's communicates through an interconnected series of repeater station called cells
cardiac output CO
a measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in one minute calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
infectious disease
a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of a small harmful organisms within the body.
Agonist
a medication that causes stimulation of receptors
Peritoneum
a membrane lining the abdomen
avpu scale
a method of assessing the level of Consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert responsive to verbal stimuli or pain or unresponsive
pathogen
a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host
Which of the following is probably NOT a mass-casualty incident?
a motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances
haunted. Treatment nerve agent auto-injector ATNAA
a nerve agent antidote kit containing atropine and pralidoxime chloride delivered as a single dose through one needle
capnography
a non-invasive method to quickly and effectively provide information on a patient's ventilatory status circulation and metabolism effectively measures the concentration of carbon dioxide in expired air overtime
acidosis
a pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues
Which of the following patients does NOT have an altered mental status?
a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness
Postictal State
a period following a seizure that typically includes labored respirations and altered mental status
cavitation
a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves which cause damage distant from the pullet's path.
Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT: your perception of the severity of the problem. a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem. a brief history of the patient's current problem. a brief summary of the care you provided.
a preliminary diagnosis of the patient's problem.
telemetry
a process in which electronic signals are converted into coded audible signals
scanner
a radio receiver that searches or scans across several frequencies until the message is completed the process is then repeated.
At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as ...
a raised, well-defined area of the skin
******An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a rapid, thready pulse.
In which of the following situations does the EMT not have a legal duty to act?
a response to a motor vehicle crash while off duty
Cold Zone
a safe area hazardous materials incident for the agencies involved in the operations also the clean Zone or the support Zone
apgar score
a scoring system for assessing the status of a newborn that assigns a number value to each of five areas
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be most alert for:
a seizure.
antivenin
a serum that counteracts the effect of Venom from an animal or insect
chlamydia
a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium chlamydia trachomatis
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be most alert for:
a seziure
acromioclavicular joint AC joint
a simple joint where the Bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder
exposure
a situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur
addiction
a state of overwhelming Obsession or physical need to continue the use of a substance
antidote
a substance that is used to neutralize or contract a poison
Aneurysm
a swelling or enlargement of part of an artery resulting from weakness of the arterial wall
An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:
a systemic infection
Which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?
a team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured
clean technique
a technique in which the amount of pathogens or unclean materials picked up or transferred is minimized through the use of routine hand-washing nonsterile protective gloves
capillary refill
a test that evaluates the song circulatory system function by squeezing blanching blood from an area such as in nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure
negligence per se
a theory that maybe use when the conduct of the person being sued is alleged to have occurred in clear violation of a statute.
If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:
a tourniquet proximal to the injury.
Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:
a triplication of chromosome 21
rapport
a trusting relationship that you build with your patient.
automatic transport ventilator ATV
a ventilation device attached to a control box that allows the variables of ventilation to descent it freeze the EMT to perform other tasks while the patient is ventilated
activated charcoal is ground into
a very fine powder that provides the greatest possible surface area for binding medications that have been taken by mouth it is carried on the EMS unit
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture
tort
a wrongful act that gives rise to a civil lawsuit.
A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with:
abdominal distention
The most prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:
abdominal or joint pain.
A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of ...
abdominal pain associated with menstruation
Movement or motion away from the body's midline is called:
abduction
competent
able to make rational decisions about personal well-being
When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:
abnormal breath sounds
adventitious breath sounds
abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing stridor rhonchi and crackles
Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?
abrasion
A of DCAP-BTLS
abrasions, scrapes
a premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus.
abruption placenta
apnea
absence of spontaneous breathing
An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:
absent urine output
The final stage of death and dying is most commonly displayed as:
acceptance.
gaining entry to an enclosed area to reach a patient
access
Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored:
according to the urgency and frequency of their use
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
acetabulum
You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:
acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you are going to take good care of her.
A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device Lvad. Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?
acute myocardial infarction
Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):
acute myocardial infraction
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:
administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient high-flow oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:
administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.
A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:
administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital.
A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:
administer oxygen, give her 324 mg aspirin, and assess her further
You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The most appropriate treatment for this child includes:
administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.
A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to parents who cannot speak for themselves is called a:
advance directive
You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should:
advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit
Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should:
advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.
A 15-year-old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should:
advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first.
When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient:
after receiving approval from the incident commander.
When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends mostly on the:
age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.
When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.
chemical transportation Emergency Center chemtrec
agencies that assist emergency responders in identifying and handling hazardous materials transport incidents
arterial air embolism
air bubbles in the arterial blood vessels
A(n) __________ results when an open vein sucks air into it and the air travels to the heart
air embolism
An open pneumothorax occurs when:
air enters the pleural space from outside the body
crackles or rales are caused by
air passing through fluid
Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
air splint
An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on:
airway, breathing, and circulation.
Delirium tremens is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from:
alcohol.
A of AVPU
alert
According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act or EMTALA:
all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.
The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):
allergen
The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):
allergen.
A of Sample
allergies
Palliating factors regarding a patient's pain involve those that:
alleviate the pain.
During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should:
allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.
When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:
allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions.
The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:
allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.
blunt trauma
an impact on the body by objects that causing Jerry without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs four cavities
closed incident
an incident that is contained all casualties are accounted for
Advanced EMT AEMT
an individual who has training in a specific aspects of advanced life support such as intravenous therapy and the administration of certain emergency medications
A patient's refusal for EMS treatment and/or transport must be:
an informed refusal.
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
alveoli
cerebrovascular accident CVA
an Interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function also called a stroke
aneurysm
an abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall
Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:
an acute onset of dementia
bronchitis
an acute or chronic inflammation of the long that may damage long tissue usually associated with cough production of sputum and depending on its case sometimes fever
asthma
an acute spasm of the smaller air Passages called bronchioles associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages
An open neck injury may result in ____ if enough air is sucked into the blood vessel? which can lead to cardiac arrest.
an air embolism
In addition to severe bleeding, the most life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:
an air embolism.
casualty collection area
an area set up by Physicians nurses and other Hospital staff near in major disaster scene where patients can receive further triage and Medical Care
credentialing
an established process to determine the qualifications necessary to be allowed to practice a particular profession or to function as an organization.
apparent life-threatening event ALTE
an event that causes unresponsiveness cyanosis and apnea in an infant who then resumes breathing with stimulation
Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction?
an exaggerated immune system response to any substance
anaphylaxis
an extreme life-threatening system allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure
closed fracture
any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken
bulk storage containers
any container other than unblock a storage container such as fixed tanks Highway cargo tanks rail tank cars totes and Intermodal tanks
altered mental status
any deviation from alert and oriented to person Play Time an event or any deviation from did patients normal Baseline mental status May signal disease in the central nervous system or elsewhere in the body
protected health information PhI
any information about health status, provision of healthcare, or payment for healthcare that can be linked to an individual. this is interpreted rather broadly and includes any part of a patient's medical record or payment history.
base station
any radio Hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place
base station
any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place
The term "behavioral crisis" is most accurately defined as:
any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.
The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:
aorta
****Which of the following injuries would most likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?
aortic rupture
Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?
aortic rupture
articular cartilage
apparently white layer of his specialized cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints
A pediatric patient with a fever, pain on palpation of the right lower quadrant, and rebound tenderness suffers from:
appendicitis
A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:
apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.
You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44-year-old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his right lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should:
apply direct pressure to the wound.
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should
apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.
You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:
apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.
A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.
During your monthly internal quality improvement or QI meeting, you review several patient care reports or PCRs with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you:
are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.
The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:
are located behind the abdominal cavity.
Injuries to the external male genitalia ...
are rarely life-threatening
With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:
area of soft tissue damage surrounding the injury.
blind spots
areas of the root that are blocked from your view by your regular mirrors
Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?
as a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located
Which of the following is an example of a drug's generic name?
aspirin
Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called:
assault
You are assessing a 75-year-old woman with mild shortness of breath. As you are asking her questions regarding her chief complaint and medical history, you progressively move closer and closer to her. In doing this, it is important to remember that:
as you physically get closer to the patient, a greater and greater sense of trust must be established.
Poor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear:
ashen
Despite numerous, sincere efforts to convince a 40-year-old man to consent to EMS treatment and transport, he refuses. After explaining the potential consequences of his refusal and determining that he has decision-making capacity, you ask him to sign an EMS refusal form, but he refuses to do that as well. You should:
ask a family member, law enforcement officer, or bystander to sign the form verifying that the patient refused to sign.
You respond to the residence of a 55-year-old female with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should:
ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine.
A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should:
ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.
You are requested out to County Road 93 for a vehicle collision at a rural area known for serious crashes. After driving with lights and sirens for nearly 20 minutes to reach the scene, you arrive at the intersection at the east end of the county. As you pull up, you see 2 pickup trucks crushed into a mass of twisted, smoking metal. A sheriff's deputy is shouting and waving you over to the passenger side door of one of the demolished trucks. You quickly look down all four roads leading to the scene and note that they are deserted as far as you can see. How would you ensure the proper control of traffic around this scene?
ask the law enforcement officer to control any traffic.
You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:
ask the patient if he can unlock the door.
When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:
ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:
assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.
A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:
assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.
A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:
assess the adequacy of his respirations.
You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:
assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.
A patient regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. The patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances, you should:
assess whether or not the patient's mental condition is impaired.
treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following:
assessing the patients airway and vital signs, taking the plant to the emergency department, prompt transport
A 62-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should:
assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen or Tylenol, and hydrocodone or Vicodin. The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:
assisted ventilation and naloxone or Narcan.
A 37-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of:
asthma
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.
Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:
attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems
Which of the following situations requires you to notify the appropriate authorities?
attempted suicide
Both areas of the pons are used to:
augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.
Which of the following is the most effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs?
auscultating breath sounds with a stethoscope
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:
authorization from medical control has been obtained.
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:
automaticity.
The most important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to
avoid exposure yourself
You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:
avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.
A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:
axial loading.
b
b
the bones in the skeleton produce ________ in the bone marrow
blood cells
bubonic plague
bacterial infection that affects the lymphatic system it is transmitted by infected rodents and fleas and characterized by acute malaise Firenza formation of tender in North inflamed lymph nodes that appear as lesions called buboes. also called the black death
Left untreated, .... can lead to premature birth or low birth weight in pregnant women.
bacterial vaginosis
Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:
base station.
No matter what the fuel source of a crashed vehicle is, one common practice remains the same--the need to disconnect the _________.
battery
An adult patient who is NOT experiencing difficulty breathing will:
be able to speak in complete sentences without unusual pauses.
As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:
be alert for personal hazards.
A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your most important consideration for this patient should be to:
be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.
Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should ...
be objective and factual
You have been tasked by your medical director to assist in the development of your EMS agency's institutional standards. When developing these standards, it is important to:
be reasonable and realistic to avoid overburdening your personnel.
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that:
blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
become smaller.
In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:
becomes engorged with blood.
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:
begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.
When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest, and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:
begin resuscitation at once.
Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:
begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.
ou respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious, has slow, shallow breathing, and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient; however, they are unable to locate it. You should:
begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.
When you and your partner arrive at the residence of a man in cardiac arrest, you immediately recognize the patient as the drunk driver who killed your brother several years earlier. A backup ambulance is en route to the scene. You should:
begin two-rescuer CPR and apply the automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as possible.
If a patient's mechanical ventilator malfunctions, you should remove the patient from the ventilator and:
begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
... is what you can see of a person's response to the environment: his or her actions.
behavior
When a patient is dying, he or she may experience regression. This is most accurately defined as:
behavior consistent with an earlier developmental stage.
Retroperitoneal
behind the peritoneum
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:
between the skin and the muscle
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:
between the skin and the muscle.
Carbon monoxide blocks the ability of the blood to oxygenate the body because it:
binds with the hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
thromboemobolism
blood clot floating through blood vessels until it reaches a narrow area and blocks the blood flow
Pale skin in a child indicates that the
blood vessels near the skin are constricted.
Closed chest injuries are typically caused by ....
blunt trauma
Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ... movement.
body
An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:
body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F or 37.0°C.
The musculoskeletal system refers to the
bones and voluntary muscles of the body
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord.
The organs most severely affected by air embolism are the:
brain and spinal cord.
All necessary life functions are coordinated in what part of the brain?
brain stem
The ... controls the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction.
brain stem
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
brain stem.
A fracture is most accurately defined as a(n):
break in the continuity of the bone
His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional course wet crackle. Based on this information, you patient is most likely suffering from
bronchiolitis
When performing a full-body scan on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle's sign. This is defined as:
bruising behind the ear.
Suspect a possible injury of the urinary bladder in all of the following findings EXCEPT:
bruising to the left upper quadrant
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:
brush away the chemical before flushing with water.
Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life ...
but that does not mean a person is mentally ill
interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, except: A) a thrombus B) cerebral vasodilation C) an acute arterial rupture D) an embolism
cerebral vasodilation
A person's bones would become brittle if he or she was deficient in:
calcium.
A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:
calmly identify yourself to the patient.
In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:
can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.
In contrast to insulin shock, diabetic coma:
can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT:
carbon dioxide deficiency.
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide is a component of air and typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level also a waste product exhaled during expiration respiratory system
Which of the following incidents does not require a report to be filed with local authorities?
cardiac arrest
Helmets must be removed in all of the following cases
cardiac arrest when the helmet allows for excessive movement when a shield cannot be removed for access to the airway
When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:
carefully assess the patient for breathing problems
Upon arriving at the scene of a possible hazardous materials (HazMat) incident involving several patients, you should:
carefully assess the situation.
General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of thefollowing, EXCEPT:
carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina.
The spread of HIV and hepatitis in the health care setting can usually be traced to:
careless handling of sharps.
The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as:
cavitation.
Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?
cerebellum
swelling of the brain
cerebral edema
If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should:
check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.
Hormone
chemical produced by a gland that regulates body organs
Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect
cholecystitis
C of CSM
circulation pulse cap refill
What three bones make up the shoulder girdle?
clavicle, scapula, humerus
If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call, you should:
clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated.
The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called:
cleaning
the process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface
cleaning
In order for a do not resuscitate or DNR order to be valid, it must:
clearly state the patient's medical problem.
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
immediately resume CPR.
a safe area at a hazardous materials incident for the agencies involved in the operations
cold zone
Signs and Symptoms of heat exhaustion and associated hypovolemia include all of the following
cold, clammy skin with as he pallor dizziness, weakness, or faintness normal vital signs
atelectasis
collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
C of CTC
color
A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):
colostomy
Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy?
community awareness programs that emphasize the dangers of drinking and driving
A health care model in which experienced paramedics receive advanced training to equip them to provide additional services in the prehospital environment, such as health evaluations, monitoring of chronic illnesses or conditions, and patient advocacy.
community paramedicine
your .... is the best tool to gain the patient's confidence to seek medical help
compassion
The use of special tools to remove an entrapped patient from a vehicle is known as ....
complex access
access require special tools and training
complex access
American with Disabilities act ADA
comprehensive legislation that is designed to protect people with disabilities against discrimination
cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade
compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial Sac leading to decrease cardiac how to put
temporary loss of the brain's ability to function without actual physical damage
concussion
2nd C of CTC
conditions
gross negligence
conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care.
While transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should:
contact medical control and notify him or her of the error.
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:
contact medical control.
A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your initial assessment of the child, you should:
contact the regional poison control center.
If an EMT candidate has been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, he or she should:
contact the state EMS office and provide them with the required documentation.
An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to:
continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.
While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your MOST appropriate action should be to:
continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.
The patient care report (PCR) ensures:
continuity of care.
A system of internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS system.
continuous quality improvement (CQI)
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:
control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing
C of DCAP-BTLS
contusion
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):
contusion.
During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is most important to:
converse with the patient and provide reassurance
A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should
cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital
A compression injury to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching of the posterior portion is called
coup-contrecoup brain injury
A grating or grinding sensation known as .... can be felt and sometimes even heard when fractured bone ends rub together.
crepitus
You are assessing a woman who was thrown from her horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you feel your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambulance is located about 30 yards away. You should:
crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground.
A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:
croup
Inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea resulting in a "seal bark" is typically caused by?
croup
A(n) ___ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time.
crushing injury
A______ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time.
crushing injury
What type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years?
cumulative stress reaction
When assessing the skin of an unconscious patient, you note that it has a bluish tint to it. This finding is called:
cyanosis.
punitive damages
damages that are sometimes awarded in a civil lawsuit when the conduct of the defendant was intentional or constituted a reckless disregard for the safety of the public.
Putrefaction is defined as:
decomposition of the body's tissues.
Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:
decreased blood oxygen.
Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
The most significant hazard associated with splinting is:
delaying transport of a critically injured patient
a sudden change in mental status, consciousness, or cognitive processes. marked by the inability to focus, think logically, and maintain attention.
delirium
A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is most likely experiencing:
delirium tremens
the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. it is chronic, and generally irreversible
dementia
You are caring for a 35-year-old female with pregnancy-related complications. She is clearly experiencing significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your MOST appropriate action would be to:
demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.
You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death?
dependent lividity
anemic
describes a condition in which the patient has too few red blood cells resulting in a decrease ability to transport oxygen throughout the body via the bloodstream
A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:
determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card.
When communicating with a visually impaired patient, you should:
determine the degree of the patient's impairment.
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to:
determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.
insufficient development of the brain
developmental disability
Which of the following most accurately defines negligence?
deviation from the standard of care that may result in further injury
Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:
dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
External bleeding from an extremity can usually be controlled by a combination of:
direct pressure and elevation.
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with:
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.
A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:
disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar.
During the alert and dispatch phase of EMS communications, the dispatcher's responsibilities include all of the following, EXCEPT:
discouraging the caller from providing care until the EMS unit arrives.
the killing of pathogenic agents by direct application of chemicals
disinfection
Diabetes is most accurately defined as a(n):.
disorder of carbohydrate metabolism.
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would most likely result in deformity?
displaced fracture
any injury the makes the limb appear in an unnatural position
displaced fracture
A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the:
distal forearm.
You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:
document this on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.
Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?
duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation
a patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing
dysarthria
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
ears
Signs and symptoms of a dislocated joint include all of the following EXCEPT:
ecchymosis
..... is heralded by the onset of convulsions, or seizures, resulting from severe hypertension in the pregnant woman.
eclampsia
The leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester is internal hemorrhage into the abdomen following rupture of an
ectopic pregnancy.
The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the:
effectiveness of oxygenation.
Communicating with hearing-impaired patients can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT:
elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.
You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should:
ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care.
The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should:
ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene.
The most important consideration at the scene of a hazardous material incident is:
ensuring your personal safety.
You are hired at the local EMS service. Your duties include station cleanup and checking the unit for mechanical problems. You should also check all medical equipment and supplies:
every day
When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:
exercise reasonable care and act prudently.
chest falls
exhalation
It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:
experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.
Aura
experiencing a warning sense prior to an event
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
expiratory wheezing.
direct contact
exposure or transmission of communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact
indirect contact
exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with contaminated object
What type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital?
expressed
You suspect that a pregnant 16-year-old girl has a broken leg after she was hit by a car. You explain that you plan to splint her leg, and she agrees to treatment. What type of consent is her agreement considered?
expressed
Anaphylaxis is most accurately defined as a(n):
extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.
Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the Incident Command System?
extrication
removal from entrapment or a dangerous situation or position
extrication
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess: .
eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:
facilitates movement through the digestive system.
Neurogenic shock occurs when:
failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
negligence
failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide.
Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:
family history.
Which of the following are central pulses?
femoral and carotid
fascia
fibrous tissue that covers all skeletal muscle
You are responding to the dementia unit at a nursing home for respiratory distress. When you arrive, you notice that the patient is experiencing mild dyspnea and has an altered mental status. What can you do to help determine if the patient's altered mental status is appropriate for her underlying dementia?
find a staff member who can explain the patient's underlying mental status to you
The atlas is the:
first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull.
Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?
five
air ambulances
fixed-wing and rotary wing aircrafts known as helicopters that have been modified for medical care used to evacuate and transport patients with life-threatening injuries to treatment facilities
Blood that is ejected from the right ventricle:
flows into the pulmonary arteries.
A pleural effusion is most accurately defined as:
fluid accumulation outside the lung.
ascites
fluid in the abdomen
cerebrospinal fluid CSF
fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bases the meninges
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.
You are called to the scene of a possible assault. Upon arrival, you are directed by police to a dark room where you find a 22 year old woman who says she was sexually assaulted by a coworker this afternoon. The patient tells you that she would really like to be transported to the hospital but refuses a physical examination. You should:
follow your system's refusal of treatment policy and respect the patient's wishes without judgement.
Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would most likely predispose the older patient to:
pneumonia
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the?
foramen magnum
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
foramen magnum.
Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway?
forceful coughing
The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.
form
he term used when individual units or different organizations make independent and often inefficient decisions regarding an incident is called:
freelancing.
access
gaining entry to an enclosed area and reaching a patient
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:
gallbladder.
A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing:
gastrointestinal bleeding.
What medication form does oral glucose come in?
gel
Placards and labels on a storage container are intended to:
give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container.
Whenever possible, a female sexual assault victim should be:
given the option of being treated by a female EMT.
The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:
gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.
Carboys
glass plastic or steel containers ranging in volume from 5 to 15 gallons or 19 to 57 liter
The eyeball.
globe
Painful urination associated with burning and a yellowish discharge is associated with:
gonorrhea
Symptoms of ... appear approximately 2 to 10 days after exposure
gonorrhea
You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should:
grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety.
In the incident command system, organizational divisions may include sections, branches, divisions, and:
groups
You respond to a multiple-vehicle collision. You and your partner are reviewing dispatch information en route to the scene. You will be at a major intersection of two state highways. As you approach the scene, you review the guidelines for sizing up the scene. The guidelines include:
guidelines for sizing up the scene includes looking for safety hazards evaluating the need for additional units or other assistance evaluating the need to stabilize the spine
Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is least likely to be heard by the party being called?
hand-held portable radio
When dealing with an avulsed tooth, handle it by its
handle by crown
Hyperextension injuries of the spine are most commonly the result of:
hangings.
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:
has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with
mental status
The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.
hinge
barrier device
hip or take tape items such as pocket mask with valve that limits exposure to patients body fluids
You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that:
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.
When obtaining patient care orders from a physician via a two-way radio, it is most important to remember that:
his or her instructions are based on the information you provide.
Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include:
histamines and leukotrienes.
What part of the patient assessment process focuses on obtaining additional information about the patient's chief complaint and any medical problems he or she may have?
history taking
bag valve mask BVM
hit device with one-way valve and a face mask attached to a ventilation bag when attached to a reservior connected to oxygen it delivers more than 90% supplemental oxygen
Urticaria is the medical term for:
hives
What is a sign or symptom of a laryngeal injury?
hoarseness difficulty breathing subcutaneous emphysema
You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should:
immediately suction her oropharynx.
antagonist
new medication that binds to receptor and blocks other medications
Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following:
hypoxia brain injury drugs
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand (trade) names for the generic medication:
ibuprofen
The goal of the primary assessment is to:
identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions.
The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to:
identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.
After performing a primary assessment, a rapid scan of the body should be performed in order to:
identify less obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.
For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is most important for the EMT to ...
identify whether the patient requires rapid transport
aseptic technique
if they can eat that helps ensure pathogens are not introduced anywhere in the procedure often used for fast invasive procedures such as a starting an IV line
If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should:
immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
You and your partner are EMTs and have been dispatched to standby at the scene of a residential fire. While standing next to the ambulance observing the fire fighters, you see a woman frantically moving around in her burning house. You should:
immediately notify the incident commander or safety officer.
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:
immediately request ALS support.
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should:
immediately request additional resources.
command
in incident command the position that oversees the incident establishes the objectives and priorities and develops a response plan
B-Nice
in memory device to recall the types of weapons of mass destruction biologic nuclear incendiary chemical and explosive
aspiration
in the context of airway the introduction of vomitus what are there foreign material into the lungs
The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is:
in the drivers compartment
anterograde post-traumatic amnesia
inability to remember events after an injury
Which of the following is considered a priority when determining "what needs to be done" during the scene size-up?
incident stabilization
... is a loss of bowel and bladder control and can be due to a generalized seizure
incontinence
Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):
increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF.
While transporting a patient, you continue to recheck the splint you applied. You know that improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following EXCEPT:
increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight.
"Nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:
increased salivation.
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
increased surface area available for air exchange.
Which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?
increased weight
You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:
insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.
Laypeople are often trained to perform all of the following skills, EXCEPT:
insertion of an oropharyngeal airway.
I of IPA
inspect look
You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:
instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.
Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:
insulin is not available in the body.
When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:
internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.
Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in obvious distress. Your first action should be to:
introduce yourself to the patient.
ataxic respirations
irregular ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable pattern
A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile
irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.
chronic bronchitis
irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease for irritants such as smoke
bradypnea
is low respiratory rate in a child it is an ominous sign that indicates impending respiratory arrest
An abdominal aortic aneurysm:
is often the readily of hypertension and atherosclerosis
In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient:
is pregnant
In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor:
is self-supporting and lives by him- or herself.
colostomy
is there to call procedure to create an opening or a stoma between the colon and the surface of the body
Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
it causes a problem managing the airway
A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:
it interferes with your assessment of the airway.
Which of the following statements regarding depression is true?
it is diagnosed three times more commonly in women than in men
the following statements regarding the brown recluse spider are true
it lives mostly in southern and central parts of the country venom is not neurotoxic Bites rarely cause systemic signs and symptoms
If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report:
it was not performed in the eyes of the law.
artifact
it's racing on an ECG that is the result of interference such as patient movement rather than the heart's electrical activity
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?
jaw-thrust maneuver
A patient with an altered mental status is:
not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.
The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:
just anterior to the tragus.
A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should:
keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.
Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means:
keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirrors' blind spots
... are solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine
kidney stones
Substance abuse is most accurately defined as:
knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.
The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:
kyphosis
The ... and ... are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
labia majora; labia minora
ischemia
lack of oxygen
the Maine by product of anaerobic metabolism is
lactic acid
A lack of identifiable _________ at the scene hinders the rescue effort and patient care.
leadership
Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would most likely result in:
leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.
You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying high-flow oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should:
leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport
governmental immunity
legal doctrine that can protect an EMS provider from being sued or which may limit the amount of the monetary judgment that the plaintiff may recover; generally, applies only to EMS systems that are operated by municipalities or other governmental entities.
The process whereby a competent authority, usually the state, allows people to perform a regulated act.
licensure.
most patients with abdominal pain prefer to
lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen.
Because of local tenderness and swelling, it is easy to confuse a non-displaced or minimally displaced fracture at the knee with a?
ligament injury
The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the:
medical director.
The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:
limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.
In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:
lips or oral mucosa.
The largest organ in the abdomen is the:
liver
Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured?
liver
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:
liver dysfunction.
an overdose on acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will most likely cause
liver failure
angioedema
localized areas of swelling beneath the skin often around the eyes and lips but it can also involve other body areas as well
Which of the following is NOT considered to be protected health information or PHI?
location of the call
backboard
long flat board made of rigid rectangular material that is used to provide support to patient who is suspected of having hip pelvic spinal or lower extremity injury also called The Spine bored trauma board and longboard
breath-holding syncope
loss of consciousness caused by a decreased breathing stimulus
abrasions
lost or damaged of The Superficial layer of the skin as result of body part rubbing or scraping across rough or hard surface
what is the most common presenting sign or symptom of pelvic inflammatory disease or PID is
lower abdominal pain
Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?
lung sounds
You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and that the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene, you should:
maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars.
A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has severely labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:
maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.
As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:
maintain stabilization of the head.
Continuing education in EMS serves to:
maintain, update, and expand your knowledge and skills.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?
maintaining communications equipment on the ambulance
Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by:
maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible.
You are summoned to a convalescent center for an 88-year-old female with an altered mental status. A staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer and her physician stated that she would probably die within the next few hours; a valid do not resuscitate (DNR) order is presented to you. When caring for this patient, you should:
make her comfortable and provide emotional support.
The most superior portion of the sternum is called the:
manubrium
The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the:
medical director.
M of Sample
medications
At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken, and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:
mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.
Signs and symptoms of a dislocated joint include?
marked deformity swelling pain tenderness or palpation locked joint numbness or impaired circulation
In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer:
may be relatively painless.
Talking about an elderly patient in front of him of her to members of the family:
may cause the patient to think he or she has no say in making decisions
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:
may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.
If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she:
may develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection.
At the scene of a mass-casualty incident, you identify a patient as an organ donor. When triaging the other patients, you:
may have to assign the donor patient a lower triage priority.
As an EMT, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress:
may not be obvious or present all the time.
When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm
may rise as high as the nipple line.
Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-yearold male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. You should be most concerned that this patient
may vomit and aspirate.
The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline or center of the body is:
medial
The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:
medial malleolus.
center cavity of the thorax
mediastinum
The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.
midsagittal
blood glucose levels are measured in
milligrams per deciliter
The diastolic pressure represents the:
minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.
If an average-sized patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if his or her respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
minute volume is decreased.
The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:
minutes.
A method of delivering health care which involves providing health care within the community rather than at a physician's office or hospital.
mobile integrated healthcare (MIH)
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:
monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
chemoreceptors
monitor the levels of O2 CO2 and the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provide feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing based on the body's need at any given time
Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?
most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age.
scope of practice
most commonly defined by state law outlines the care that the EMT is able to provide for the patient.
When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:
most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions.
The chief complaint is most accurately defined as the:
most serious thing the patient is concerned about.
abduction
motion of a limb away from the midline
abduction
motion of a limb toward the midline
M of CSM
motion squeeze push reflex
The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:
move all walking patients to a designated area.
Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:
multiple organ systems
The .... only require a minimal blood supply when at rest:
muscles
The ..... only require a minimal blood supply when at rest.
muscles
If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:
must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume
As a triage supervisor, you:
must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.
Angina pectoris occurs when:
myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply
Angina pectoris occurs when:
myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply.
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:
myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.
Using the patient's ________ shows respect and helps the patient to focus on your questions.
name
While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates:
narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.
Ambulances today are designed according to strict government regulations based on .... standards.
national
Anisocoria
naturally occurring uneven pupil size
The first signs of peritonitis include all of the following EXCEPT:
nausea
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include
nausea. headache. tachycardia.
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be most suspicious that the child has experienced:
neck and facial injuries.
When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate and he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of:
negligence
The first month of life after birth is most appropriately referred to as the
neonatal period
The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:
nervous system.
When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should:
never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas
basic life support BLS
non invasive emergency life-saving care that is used to treat medical conditions including Airway obstruction respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest
bronchial breath sounds
normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion and associated hypovolemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:
normal thirst.
Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include:
not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.
When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:
not disclosing his or her name.
a patient with an altered mental status is
not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused
automaticity
now I really see of cardiac muscle cells to contract without simulation from the nervous system
Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then:
observe the scene for safety hazards
Typical methods of assessing a patient's breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
observing for nasal flaring during inhalation.
Which of the following is not performed immediately following delivery of the infant?
obtain an Apgar score
agonal gasps
occasional gasping breaths that occur after the heart has stopped seen in dying patients
An abdominal evisceration:
occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.
Unlike a mass-casualty incident, a natural disaster:
often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days.
When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed:
on the thighs or ankles.
cerebellum
one of the major three subdivision of the brain sometimes called little brain coordinates the various activities of the brain particularly fine body movements
atrium
one of two upper chambers of the heart
The proper depth of chest compressions on a 9-month-old infant is:
one third the diameter of the chest or about 1½".
Which of the following most accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?
only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls
any break in the bone in which the overlying skin has been damaged as well
open fracture
as you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. you can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. you should:
open his airway and assess his breathing status
A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?
opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?
oral
depositions
oral questions asked of parties and witnesses under oath.
The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.
orbit
As pregnancy progresses, the uterus enlarges and rises ...
out of the pelvis.
Which of the following conditions would most likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted?
overdose of an opiate drug
hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of
oxycodone or Percocet
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Referred pain
pain felt in an area of the body other than the actual source
In infants and small children, skin color should be assessed on the:
palms and soles.
For every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, EXCEPT the:
patient's medical history
A full-body scan should be performed on:
patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients.
P of IPA
palpate feel
While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should
palpate for a carotid pulse
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?
partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA
You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:
partially remove the dressing.
P of Sample
past pertinent history
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
patella
bloodborne pathogens
pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans
The most effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to:
perform a careful and thorough assessment.
Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should:
perform a primary assessment.
informed consent
permission for treatment given by a competent patient after the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment have been explained
alert and oriented X1
person
Physiologic manifestations of stress include:
perspiration, increased blood glucose levels, and dilated pupils.
adrenergic
pertaining to nerves that release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine or noradrenaline such as adrenergic nerves adrenergic response also pertains to The receptors acted on by norepinephrine
An absence seizure is also referred to as a:
petit mal seizure.
Relative to the adult's airway, the child's:
pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.
Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ...
physical
The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are ...
physical and psychological
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:
pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.
Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be:
pink, warm, and dry.
Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?
pituitary
alert and oriented X2
place
Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:
place her supine and elevate her legs.
You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:
place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 Liter of water
if a patient with vaginal bleeding presents with a rapid pulse and pale or cool skin, you should;
place the patient in a supine position
When arriving at the scene of an overturned tractor-trailer rig, you note that a green cloud is being emitted from the crashed vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should
position the ambulance upwind.
You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:
position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.
The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:
possible spinal injury.
When performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
posterior
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
prepare for immediate transport
Upon arrival at a search-and-rescue incident, the EMS crew should ....
prepare the equipment to carry to the patient
A palpable pulse is created by:
pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
RivaroxabanListen or Xarelto
prevent blood clots
The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:
prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain.
Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the ....
primary assessment
****When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:
primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.
a type of patient sorting used to rapidly categorize
primary triage
infection control
procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and Healthcare personnel.
Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: .
prompt transport to the hospital is essential
An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?
prone
The criteria to be licensed and employed as an EMT include:
proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases
Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:
properly dispose of the syringe.
When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should:
protect the cervical spine during the entire process.
What section of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act or HIPAA MOST affects EMS personnel?
protecting patient privacy
personal protective equipment
protective equipment that blocks exposure to a pathogen for hazardous material.
standard precautions
protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the CDC for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease
You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to:
provide assisted ventilation.
To minimize the risk of litigation, the EMT should always:
provide competent care that meets current standards
Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:
provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.
An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:
provide emotional support en route to the hospital.
You and your partner are the first to arrive at a potential crime scene with a critically injured patient involved. The scene is safe. Your first priority is to:
provide immediate patient care.
P of OPQRST
provocation or palliation
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:
proximal
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:
proximal femur.
Patients may show agitation or violence or become a threat to themselves or others when they experience a(n) _____ emergency.
psychiatric
illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms that may result in impaired functioning
psychiatric disorder
Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?
pulmonary
A patient complaining of chest tightness, coughing up blood, and subcutaneous emphysema following an explosion may be suffering from a:
pulmonary blast injury
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing:
pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.
Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT:
pulse strength.
P of DCAP-BTLS
punctures, penetrations: stabs impalement
The circular opening in the middle of the iris that admits light to the back of the eye.
pupil
When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT: Select one:
pupillary constriction.
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on; the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should:
put on high-visibility safety vests.
The responsibility of the medical director to ensure the appropriate medical care standards are met by EMTs on each call.
quality control
open ended questions
questions for which the patient must provide detail to give an answer.
closed-ended questions
questions that can be answered in short or single word responses
closed-ended questions
questions that can be answered in short or single word responses.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a shooting. Law enforcement personnel are present and have the suspect in custody. You find the patient lying in a narrow space between the couch and coffee table of his small apartment. He is semiconscious and has a large gunshot wound to his chest. You should:
quickly move the coffee table so you can access and treat the patient.
When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so ...
quickly, within 30 minutes
In responsive patients that are older than 1 year of age, you should palpate the pulse at the ________ artery.
radial
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
radiating
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
radiating.
R of OPQRST
radiation
VHF very high frequency
radio frequencies between 30 and 300 megahertz the VHF spectrum is further divided into high and low bands.
UHF ultra high frequency
radio frequencies between 300 and 3000 megahertz.
VHF or very high frequency
radio frequency between 30 and 300 MHz; VHF further divides into high and low bands
UHF or ultra high frequency
radio frequency between 300 and 3000 MHz
The bones of the forearm are called the:
radius and ulna.
****Which of the following interventions is the most critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?
rapid transport to a trauma center
abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA
rapidly fatal condition in which the walls of the altar in the abdomen region and blood leaks into the layers of the vessel causing it to bulge
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will most likely improve her chance of survival is:
rapidly transporting her to the hospital.
In the United States, the most common form of pit viper is the __________.
rattlesnake
acute stress reactions
reaction to stress that occur during stressful situation
2nd R of PERRLA
reactive to do pupils viotren gentle light is shined into them
After assisting your patient with his or her nitroglycerin, you should:
reassess the blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.
You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:
recovery position and transport
Extrication is defined as:
removal from a dangerous situation or position.
You have been working at the scene of a major building collapse for 8 hours. Many injured people are still being removed, and everyone is becoming frustrated and losing focus. This situation is most effectively managed by:
requesting a CISM team to provide on-scene peer support.
You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:
respect the patients wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
respirations increase in rate and depth.
Which of the following is most characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
respirations of 20 breaths per min and bilateral chest movement
Down syndrome patients are at an increased risk for medical complications. Which of the following is not one of those potential complications?
respiratory complications
As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should:
respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
responsive to painful stimuli.
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The most appropriate way to manage this situation is to:
restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.
The light-sensitive area of the eye where images are projected
retina
A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should:
retreat and notify law enforcement personnel.
inability to remember events leading up to the head injury
retrograde amnesia
You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:
roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.
R of PERRLA
round normal shape
The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes ....
safely removing or diluting the poisonous substance
What type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies?
scanner
The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:
scapula
Chordae Tendineae
scene bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting
People with _____________ may experience symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, a lack of interest in pleasure, and erratic speech.
schizophrenia
You may allow a patient with a visual impairment to rest his or her hand on your ________, because this may help with balance and security while moving.
shoulder
a type of patient sorting used in the treatment sector that involves retriage of patients
secondary triage
Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:
secretions can build up in and around the tube.
You arrive at the scene of a domestic violence situation. As you approach the doorway of the apartment, you hear screaming and the statement "He has a gun!" Your MOST appropriate action should be to:
seek a safe place and request law enforcement assistance.
Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?
seesaw respirations
In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be most alert for:
seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.
The first signs of peritonitis include ...
severe abdominal pain tenderness muscular spasm
Which of the following conditions would be least likely to result in hypoxia: narcotic overdose, severe anxiety, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion
severe anxiety
Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?
severe chest pain and cool, pale skin
Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
shallow chest movement.
Patients who become dependent upon EMS personnel or other health care providers often feel:
shamed.
Signs and symptoms of severe systemic hypothermia include all of the following, EXCEPT
shivering.
.... is inadequate tissue perfusion
shock
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is most consistent with a:
shotgun.
... is the ongoing process of information gathering and scene evaluation to determine measures for managing an emergency.
size-up
if carbon dioxide levels drop too low, the person automatically breathes
slower and less deeply
bloody show
small amount of blood in vagina that appears at the beginning of labor and may included plug of pink tinged mucus that is discharge when the cervix begins to dilate
You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the:
small intestine.
involuntary muscle
smooth muscle
Severe bleeding may occur with injury to ... organs
solid
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the:
somatic nervous system.
It is important to remember that some chemicals ... when they come in contact with water
some chemicals explode when they come in contact with water
expressed consent
specific authorization to provide care expressed by the patient
_________ _________ is a developmental defect in which a portion of the spinal cord protrudes outside the vertebrae.
spina bifida
At each vertebra in the neck and back, two nerves called ... nerves branch out from the spinal cord and carry signals to and from the body
spinal
You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:
squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound.
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:
stablize her head and perform a primary assessment
The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the:
standard of care.
After performing a head tilt-chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an unresponsive patient who has a pulse, you should:
suction as needed and insert an airway adjunct.
The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:
state office of EMS.
Good Samaritan laws
statutory provisions enacted by many states to protect citizens from liability for errors and omissions in giving good faith emergency medical care, unless there is wanton, gross, or willful negligence.
You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:
stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
steps used to establish artificial ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
a process of removing microbial contamination
sterilization
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT?
sublingually
allergen
substance that causes an allergic reaction
You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:
suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.
During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:
suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a
superficial burn or first-degree burn
Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:
superficial.
Trendelenburg's position is most accurately defined as a:
supine position with the legs elevated 6" to 12" higher than the head.
diaphoresis
sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease or a side effect of a drug.
compartment syndrome
swelling within a confined anatomic compartment that produces dangerous pressure characterized by extreme pain, decrease pain sensation pain, pain on stretching of affected muscles or decrease power
S of DCAP-BTLS
swelling, edema
Epinephrine stimulates the ... response, increasing blood pressure and relieving
sympathetic
Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following, EXCEPT: syncope. toxic reactions head trauma uncontrolled diabetes
syncope
fainting, often caused by a disruption of blood flow to the brain
syncope
Which of the following infectious diseases confers no protection from reinfection after exposure?
syphilis
*****The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:
systolic blood pressure.
When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the:
systolic blood pressure.
The pressure exerted against the walls of the artery when the left ventricle contracts is called the:
systolic pressure.
Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:
tachycardia.
Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______. Select one:
tachypnea
The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatrics patient who presents with:
tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to:
take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.
active compression decompression CPR
take me to that involves compressing the chest and then I give Lee pulling it back up to its neutral position or Beyond decompression it May increase the amount of blood that returns to the heart and ejected from
The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is ...
taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation
When assessing an 8-year old child, you should
talk to the child, not just the caregiver
apneic oxygenation
technique in which oxygen administered via high-flow nasal cannula is left in place during an intubation attempt allowing for continuous oxygen delivery into the Airways during all phases of the procedure
trunking
telecommunication systems that allow a computer to maximize utilization of a group of frequencies.
When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:
tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.
While on duty, your partner asks you out on a date and touches you in an inappropriate location without your consent. You should:
tell your partner to stop and report the incident to your supervisor.
T of CTC
temperature
the .... regions of the cranium are located on the lateral portion of the head
temporal
Thrombophilia
tendency to develop blood clots
brain stem
the area of the brain between the spinal cord and cerebrum, surrounded by the cerebellum controls functions that are necessary for life such as respiration
activities of daily living
the basic activities a person usually accomplishes during a normal day such as eating dressing and bathing
With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:
the blood vessels become stiff.
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.
abdomen
the body cavity that contains major organs of digestion and excretion it is located below the diaphragm and above the pelvis
In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because:
the body is less able to adapt the BP postural changes
After the first 60 minutes of experiencing a significant injury:
the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.
immune
the body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease
allergic reaction
the body's exaggerated immune response to an internal or Surface agent
General adaptation syndrome
the body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance and then recovery or if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion.
central nervous system CNS
the brain and spinal cord
Bariatrics
the branch of medicine concerned with management of obesity and Allied diseases
alkalosis
the buildup of excess base in the body fluid lack of acids
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when:
the cells function with adequate oxygen.
Geriatric patients present as a special problem for caregivers because:
the classic presentation of disease is often altered
What is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the body?
the clavicle
clavicle
the collar bone it's lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula
cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR
the combination of chest compressions and rescue breathing used to establish adequate ventilation and circulation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse
defamation
the communication of false information about a person that is damaging to that person's reputation or standing in the community.
asystole
the complete absence of all heart electrical activity
false imprisonment
the confinement of a person without legal authority or the person's consent
footboard transmission
the contamination of food or water with an organism that can cause disease.
acetabulum
the depression on the lateral pelvis where it's three components bones join in which the femoral head fits snugly
arteriosclerosis
the disease that causes the arteries to thicken Harden and calcify
bile ducts
the dogs that can weigh by Between the liver and the intestine
Which of the following would most likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?
the environment in which the patient is found
Ventilation is ...
the exchange of air between lungs and the environment.
occupational safety and health administration OSHA
the federal Regulatory Compliance agency that develops publishes and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.
Federal Communications Commission FCC
the federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and international telephone and telegraph services and satellite communications, all of which may involve EMS activity.
Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
the filtering of blood cells in the spleen
chlorine Cl
the first chemical agent ever used in Warfare it has a distinct odor of bleach and creates in green Hayes when released as a gas initially it produces upper way irritation and a choking sensation
amniotic sac
the fluid-filled bag like membrane in which the fetus develop
afterload
the force of resistance against which the heart pumps
coagulation
the formation of a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding
The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:
the four-person log roll.
blowout fracture
the fraction of the European to hold the bones that support the floor of the orbit
anterior
the front surface of the body the side facing you in the standard anatomic position
After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT: the time at which your unit was dispatched. the number of patients involved in the incident. other agencies that are responding to the scene. the general geographic location of the incident.
the general geographic location of the incident.
aorta
the main artery leaving the left side of heart which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body
designated officer
the individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.
A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:
the inner layers of the aorta become separated
biceps
the large muscle that covers the front of humerus
cerebrum
the largest part of the three subdivisions of the brain sometimes called the gray matter made up of several nerves that control movement hearing balance speech visual perception emotions and personality
patient care report or PCR
the legal document used to record all patient care activities. this report has direct patient care functions but also administrative and quality control functions. PCRs are also known as prehospital care reports.
command Post
the location of The Incident Commander at the scene of an emergency and we're command coordination control and communication are centralized
cervix
the lower third or neck of the uterus it is narrowest portion of the uterus and opens into the vagina
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:
the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.
applied ethics
the manner in which principles of Ethics are incorporated into professional conduct
applied ethics
the manner in which principles of ethics are incorporated into professional conduct
Peritoneum
the membrane lining the abdominal cavity or parietal peritoneum and covering the abdominal organs or visceral peritoneum
Patients with full-thickness or third-degree burns generally do not complain of pain because:
the nerve endings have been destroyed.
aphasia
the nobility to understand and or produce speech
adenosine triphosphate ATP
the nucleotide involved in energy metabolism used to store energy
An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.
aortic valve
the one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta. one of four heart valves.
host
the organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent
An open fracture is most accurately defined as a fracture in which:
the overlying skin is no longer in tact
A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:
the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem.
The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when:
the patient receives definitive care.
discovery
the phase of a civil lawsuit where the plaintiff and defense obtain information from each other that will enable their attorneys to have a better understanding of the case and which will assist in negotiating a possible settlement or in preparing for trial. Discovery includes depositions, interrogations and demands for production of records.
ethics
the philosophy of right and wrong of moral duties and of Ideal professional Behavior
behavioral crisis
the point at which a person's reaction to events interfere with activities of daily living this becomes a psychiatric emergency when it causes a major life Interruption such as attempted suicide
apex
the pointed extremity of a conical structure
appendicular skeleton
the portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms legs pelvis and shoulder girdle
cervical spine
the portion of the spinal column consisting of the first seven vertebrae that lie in the back
anatomic position
the position of reference in which the patient stands facing forward arms at the side with the palms of the hands forward
abdominal thrust maneuver
the preferred method to dislodge a severe Airway obstruction in adults and children also called Heimlich maneuver
EMRs such as fire fighters, law enforcement officers, and park rangers, are an integral part of the EMS system because:
the presence of a person trained to initiate basic life support or BLS care cannot be ensured.
air embolism
the presence of air in the veins which can lead to Cardiac Arrest if it enters heart
contamination
the presence of infectious organisms on or in objects such as dressing, water, food, needles, wounds or a patient's body
blood pressure BP
the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them
chyme
the substance that leaves the stomach it is a combination of all of the eating foods with added stomach acids
Centers for Disease Control and prevention CDC
the primary Federal agency that conducts and supports Public Health activities in the United States this is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and prevention CDC
the primary Federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. the CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.
emergency Doctrine
the principle of law that permits a healthcare provider to treat a patient in an emergency situation when the patient is incapable of granting concern because of an altered level of consciousness, disability, the effects of drugs or alcohol, or the patient's age
absorption
the process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream
aging
the process by which the temporary bond between the organophosphate and acetylcholine esterase undergoes hydrolysis resulting in a permanent covalent bond
certification
the process in which a person an institution or a program is evaluated and recognized as meeting certain predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical patient care
adsorption
the process of binding or sticking to a surface
licensure
the process whereby a competent authority usually the state, allows people to perform a regulated act.
Chief complaint
the reason that patient called for help also the patients response to questions such as what's wrong or what happened
Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:
the reason why the patient called EMS.
After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT:
the recommended transport destination for each patient.
documentation
the recorded portion of the EMT's patient interaction, either written or electronic. This becomes part of the patient's paramedic medical record.
body mechanics
the relationship between the body's anatomical structures and the physical force is associated with lifting moving and carrying the ways in which the body moves to achieve a specific action
... is responsible for properly securing and stabilizing the vehicle and providing a safe entrance and access to the patient.
the rescue team
frostnip
the reversible freezing of superficial skin layers that is usually marked by numbness and whiteness of the skin.
patient autonomy
the right of the patient to make informed choices regarding his or her health care.
The left cerebral hemisphere controls:
the right side of the body.
Kidnapping
the seizing, confining, abducting, or carrying away of a person by force including transporting a competent adult for medical treatment without his or her consent.
aura
the sensation experience before a seizure serves as a warning sign that is seizure is about to occur
Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT: the chief complaint or mechanism of injury. important medical history not previously given. the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene. the patient's response to treatment you provided.
the set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene.
bills of lading
the shipping papers used for transport of chemicals over the roads and highways also referred to as Freight bills
arterioles
the smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries
Airborne transmission
the spread of an organism we are droplets or dust
cardiogenic shock
the state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body caused by low output of blood from the heart it can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infraction
rigor mortis
the stiffening of the body muscles; a definitive sign of death.
the stinger of the honey bee is ... so the bee cannot withdraw it.
the stinger of the honey bee is barbed so the bee cannot withdraw it.
bioethics
the study of Ethics related to issues that arise in house care
The term "pharmacology" is most accurately defined as:
the study of drugs and their actions on the body.
When you are performing a scene assessment at an incident involving SIDS, you should focus your attention on all of the following except:
the temperature of the room
ambient temperature
the temperature of the surrounding environment
action
the therapeutic affect of a medication on the body
statute of limitations
the time within which a case must be commenced.
chest compression fraction
the total percentage of time during a resuscitation attempt in which active chest compressions are being performed
Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:
the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.
communication
the transmission of information to another person verbally or through body language
communication
the transmission of information to another person verbally or through body language.
Alpha
the type of energy that is emitted from a strong Radiological Source it is the least harmful penetrating type of radiation and cannot travel more than a few inches or penetrate most objects
beta
the type of energy that is emitted from a strong Radiology source is a slightly more penetrating than Alpha and requires a layer of clothing to stop it
Airway
the upper airway tract or the passage above the larynx which includes the nose mouth and throat
The Adam's apple is:
the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.
paging
the use of a radio signal and a voice or digital message that is transmitted to pagers or beepers or desktop monitor radios.
Victor borne transmission
the use of an animal to spread an organism from one person or place to another
capnometry
the use of capnometer a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dioxide
Concealment
the use of objects to limit a person visibility of you
birth Channel
the vagina and cervix
the right atrium receives blood from
the venacava and delivers it to the right ventricle
alveolar minute volume
the volume of air moved through the lungs in 1 minutes minus the Dead Space calculated by multiplying tidal volume minus Dead Space and respiratory rate
alveolar ventilation
the volume of air that reaches the alveoli it is determined by subtracting the amount of dead space air from the tidal volume
transmission
the way in which an infectious disease is spread contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors.
Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because:
their chest walls are thinner.
Children are often "belly breathers" because ...
their intercostal muscles are not developed
Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:
their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.
A low ETCO2 reading, as measured by capnography, would MOST likely be observed if:
there is an absence or decrease in the level of CO2 in the lungs.
Patients with autism
they fail to use or understand nonverbal communication they may have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps they have difficulty making eye-to-eye contact
Twelve pairs of ribs attach to what section of the spinal column?
thoracic
chest
thoracic cage
Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn via
thorough drying with a towel. suctioning of the upper airway. some form of tactile stimulation.
Your BEST protection against legal liability when a competent patient refuses EMS care and transport is to:
thoroughly document the entire event.
When a patient's respirations are shallow:
tidal volume is markedly reduced.
T of OPQRST
time
alert and oriented X3
time, what day
infarction
tissue death
auscultate
to listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope
P of AVPU
to pain,responds after pinch
blanch
to turn White
V of AVPU
to verbal
A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:
tolerance
Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:
too rapid of an ascent.
battery
touching a patient or rendering emergency care without consent
If you are exposed to a patient's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:
transfer care of your patient to another EMS provider
angina pectoris
transient or short-lived chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle also called angina
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
transport a mature egg to the uterus
When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit.
****A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:
transport her to the emergency department
A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:
try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume.
You suspect that a 6-year-old girl has broken her leg after falling from a swing at a playground. Shortly after you arrive, the child's mother appears and refuses to allow you to continue treatment. You should:
try to persuade the mother that treatment is needed.
A properly sized blood pressure cuff should cover:
two thirds the length from the armpit to the crease in the elbow.
implied consent
type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he or she would want treatment
implied consent
type of consent in which a patient who is unable to give consent is given treatment under the legal assumption that he or she would want treatment.
If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, an EMT should ...
use appropriate personal protective equipment and examine the vomitus for pill fragments or other clues for patient care.
You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person." When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should:
use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint.
While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should:
use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.
When communicating information over the radio, you should:
use the words "affirmative" and "negative" instead of "yes" or "no."
A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone or LZ. You should:
use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ.
General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT: speaking in a clear, calm, monotone voice. acknowledging a transmission as soon as possible. using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. holding the microphone about 2" to 3" from your mouth.
using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality.
Which of the following would be the most practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?
using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions
You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone or Vicodin, which was refilled the day before. You should:
ventilate her with a BVM.
While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the:
ventricles relaxing.
one sign of foreign body aspiration in a child may be an abnormality in the
voice
If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ...
vomiting
The simplest yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to:
wash your hands in between patient contacts.
When caring for a patient with a previous head injury, you should:
watch the patient for signs of anxiety
Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:
wheezing and hypotension are present.
ethnocentrism
when a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.
res ipsa loquitur
when the EMT and EMS system is held liable even when the plaintiff is unable to clearly demonstrate how an injury occurred.
When is it most appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene?
when you determine there are multiple patients
which of the following questions would be least pertinence during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance
why was the substance ingested
When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to:
wiggle his or her toes on command.
Gestational diabetes ...
will clear up in most women after delivery.
do not resuscitate DNR orders
written documentation by a physician giving permission to medical personnel not to attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.
advance directive
written documentation that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions also called a living will or Health Care directive
advance directive
written documentation that specifies treatment
While trying to make a family member feel better after a loved one has died, your partner uses trite statements. The family members may view this as:
your partner's attempt to diminish their grief.