Chapter 2: Ethics in Organizations

Virtue ethics

- Another approach to dealing with ethical dilemmas -The virtue approach focuses on the integrity of the decision maker instead of the action or its impending consequences

Utilitarianism is the best known of which approach to dealing with ethical situations?

Consequentialist

Which level of Kohlberg's model of moral development are you reasoning at if you are trying to abide by the golden rule or recognize others' feelings?

Conventional

Which approach to dealing with ethical dilemmas is based on the belief that society has universal principles that should be upheld?

Deontological

How an organization handles motives, pressures, and its surrounding environment that may affect its overall culture is called what?

Ethical Climate

What is a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails violating a moral principle?

Ethical Dilemma

Who are individuals or groups outside of the organization that are indirectly affected by the actions and decisions an organization and its employees make?

External Stakeholder

According to Social Intuition Theory, what is the main factor in determining how a person reacts to an ethical dilemma?

Immediate gut feelings

Values

Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable.

If you are an employee at a restaurant, which of the following groups of stakeholders would you fit into?

Internal Stakeholder

According to the moral reasoning video, what term describes the fact that people often reach strong moral conclusions that they cannot logically defend?

Moral Dumbfounding

Which level of Kohlberg's model of moral development are you reasoning at if you are aware of others' value systems and are accepting of those differences?

Post-conventional

Healthier food options being made available at fast-food restaurants after Morgan Spurlock's documentary "Supersize Me" came out are an example of which General Factor affecting stakeholders?

Socio-cultural Factors

What stage of Kohlberg's model of Moral Development are you reasoning at if you move beyond self-interest in justifying your actions?

Stage 3-mutual expectations and relationships

Ethics

The branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions.

Stakeholders

The different people and groups that are affected by an organization's activities. -several different types

Business Ethics

The study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues, such as corporate governance, insider trading, bribery, discrimination, corporate social responsibility and fiduciary responsibilities

According to Billington, what is the aim of ethical and moral reasoning?

To discover the correct form of behavior for a given situation

What is the correct order of events for working through an ethical dilemma according to Haidt's Social Intuition Model?

Triggering event→ Intuition→ Judgment→ Reasoning

What are the important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable?

Values

The creation of Sarbox by the SEC is an example of what method for promoting corporate ethics?

corporate governance

Ethical Climate

how an organization handles motives, pressures, and its surrounding environment that may affect its overall culture

How are ethics promoted in an organization?

organizations must have a formal, written set of standards to guide employees of how they should behave, or code of ethics, and proper training of how to follow the code that is in place.

According to Billington, dealing with questions of ethics and morals is ______________.

unavoidable

The video about falsely-accused Alton Logan and his time in prison due to lawyers not being able to break attorney-client privilege is an example of which approach for dealing with ethical dilemmas?

virtue ethics

Attitudes

A learned predisposition to respond in a certain manner toward a given object or situation.

Ethical Dilemmas

A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails violating a moral principle.

Consequentialist approach

- the first step to dealing with ethical dilemmas -This approach asks the decision-maker to identify the different alternative actions as well as the consequences attached to those actions. -Utilitarianism-The utilitarian approach basically states a person should choose the option that creates the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Corporate Governance

-Even with proper communication and training, there is still a need to make sure the interests of the organization, it's owners, and other stakeholders are being safeguarded. -Corporations have to go through all sorts of checks and balances to ensure that there is a separation of authority and to save the many from the follies of the few.

Deontological approach

-The second approach to dealing with ethical dilemmas -deontology is focused on making sure the individual takes the right action, regardless of the consequences

Who was the person who was ACTUALLY guilty of the murder Alton Logan was convicted of?

Andrew Wilson

What are our predispositions to respond positively or negatively toward something?

Attitudes

What was the community value that was being upheld that was keeping the lawyers from coming forward with information about Alton Logan's innocence?

Attorney-Client Privilege

What is the study of proper business policies and practices regarding potentially controversial issues?

Business Ethics

What is a written set of standards to guide employees on how they should behave?

Code of Ethics