Chapter 2

How many electrons are in neon outermost (second) shell

8

When atoms are held together by sharing electrons in a molecules, we can refer to these bonds as being

Covalent bonds

two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called

isotopes

how does NaCl behave in water

On addition to water the Na+ section of NaCl is attracted to the oxygen side of the water molecules, while the Cl- side is attracted to the hydrogens' side of the water molecule. This causes the sodium chloride to split in water, and the NaCl dissolves into separate Na+ and Cl- atoms.

What kind of bond occurs between the oxygen and hydrogen in the molecule h20?

Polar covalent bond

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the Na atom have when it's alone?

Protons 11 Neutrons 12 Electrons 11

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the chlorine atom have when it's alone

Protons 17 Neutrons 18 Electrons 17

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons do these two types of atoms have when they are interacting together as NaCl?

Protons 28 Neutrons 30 Electrons 28

Neon has an atomic number of

10

How many electrons are in neon first shell

2

covalent bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. Therefore, hydrogen and oxygen are sharing electrons

Helium, like neon is

A chemically inert element (atom)

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

Chlorine atoms become ions because they typically

Accepts electrons

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons refers to as

Atomic number of an atom

A substance that combines with hydrogen ions can be referred to as being a

Base

Carbon 12 isotope protons neutrons and electrons are

Carbon 12 has 6 electrons, 6 neutrons and 6 protons

Carbon 14 isotope protons neutrons and electrons are

Carbon 14 has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons

A molecule that influences the rate of chemical reactions but is not consumed in the reaction is referred as an

Catalyst (enzyme)

Can NaCl in water conduct an electric current

Common table salt (NaCl) is an electrolyte, and when this is dissolved in water to form salt water, it becomes sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-), each of which is a corpuscle that conducts electricity. Let's go back to conductivity.

A combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements is referred as a

Compound

The sodium atoms become ions because they typically

Donate electrons

The most fundamental substances of matter can be called

Elements

Water molecules interact with one another forming

Hydrogen bonds

Glucose is

Hydrophobic

How do fats and oils behave in water

Inability to mix well with water. They are hydrophobic

An atom that gained or lost electrons and thus carries an electric charge is called an

Ion

What kind of bond occurs when sodium and chloride ions in the compound NaCl

Ionic bonds usually occur between metal and nonmetal ions. For example, sodium (Na), a metal, and chloride (Cl), a nonmetal, form an ionic bond to make NaCl.

An example of molecule compounds

Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element.

In the molecule sodium chloride which is a anion and which the cation? Why?

NaCl, the sodium atom acts as the cation, while the chlorine atom acts as the anion. Because Cations are ions with a net positive charge. Anions are ions with a net negative charge.

Are all molecules compounds?

No, all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds

How does glucose behave in water

The reason glucose dissolves readily in water is because it has lots of polar hydroxyl groups which can hydrogen-bond with water molecules.

What is the difference between carbon 12 and carbon 14

They have a different number of neutrons. Carbon 14 has 2 more neutrons

Hydrophobic

Water fearing

non polar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge

number of protons in an atom is referred to as the

atomic number

A substance that releases ions in water

electrolyte

A small, negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus

electron

Location in an atom where protons and neutrons reside.

nucleus

ionic bond is formed when

one or more electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another

A covenant bond is formed as the result of

sharing of electrons

An example of a molecule

water h2o

Hydrophilic

water loving

hydrogen bond

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. It explains why ice is lighter than water and has a number of other unsual attributes.