Chapter 2
How many electrons are in neon outermost (second) shell
8
When atoms are held together by sharing electrons in a molecules, we can refer to these bonds as being
Covalent bonds
two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights are called
isotopes
how does NaCl behave in water
On addition to water the Na+ section of NaCl is attracted to the oxygen side of the water molecules, while the Cl- side is attracted to the hydrogens' side of the water molecule. This causes the sodium chloride to split in water, and the NaCl dissolves into separate Na+ and Cl- atoms.
What kind of bond occurs between the oxygen and hydrogen in the molecule h20?
Polar covalent bond
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the Na atom have when it's alone?
Protons 11 Neutrons 12 Electrons 11
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the chlorine atom have when it's alone
Protons 17 Neutrons 18 Electrons 17
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons do these two types of atoms have when they are interacting together as NaCl?
Protons 28 Neutrons 30 Electrons 28
Neon has an atomic number of
10
How many electrons are in neon first shell
2
covalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. Therefore, hydrogen and oxygen are sharing electrons
Helium, like neon is
A chemically inert element (atom)
polar covalent bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally
Chlorine atoms become ions because they typically
Accepts electrons
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons refers to as
Atomic number of an atom
A substance that combines with hydrogen ions can be referred to as being a
Base
Carbon 12 isotope protons neutrons and electrons are
Carbon 12 has 6 electrons, 6 neutrons and 6 protons
Carbon 14 isotope protons neutrons and electrons are
Carbon 14 has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons
A molecule that influences the rate of chemical reactions but is not consumed in the reaction is referred as an
Catalyst (enzyme)
Can NaCl in water conduct an electric current
Common table salt (NaCl) is an electrolyte, and when this is dissolved in water to form salt water, it becomes sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-), each of which is a corpuscle that conducts electricity. Let's go back to conductivity.
A combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements is referred as a
Compound
The sodium atoms become ions because they typically
Donate electrons
The most fundamental substances of matter can be called
Elements
Water molecules interact with one another forming
Hydrogen bonds
Glucose is
Hydrophobic
How do fats and oils behave in water
Inability to mix well with water. They are hydrophobic
An atom that gained or lost electrons and thus carries an electric charge is called an
Ion
What kind of bond occurs when sodium and chloride ions in the compound NaCl
Ionic bonds usually occur between metal and nonmetal ions. For example, sodium (Na), a metal, and chloride (Cl), a nonmetal, form an ionic bond to make NaCl.
An example of molecule compounds
Molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2) and molecular nitrogen (N2) are not compounds because each is composed of a single element.
In the molecule sodium chloride which is a anion and which the cation? Why?
NaCl, the sodium atom acts as the cation, while the chlorine atom acts as the anion. Because Cations are ions with a net positive charge. Anions are ions with a net negative charge.
Are all molecules compounds?
No, all compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
How does glucose behave in water
The reason glucose dissolves readily in water is because it has lots of polar hydroxyl groups which can hydrogen-bond with water molecules.
What is the difference between carbon 12 and carbon 14
They have a different number of neutrons. Carbon 14 has 2 more neutrons
Hydrophobic
Water fearing
non polar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge
number of protons in an atom is referred to as the
atomic number
A substance that releases ions in water
electrolyte
A small, negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus
electron
Location in an atom where protons and neutrons reside.
nucleus
ionic bond is formed when
one or more electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another
A covenant bond is formed as the result of
sharing of electrons
An example of a molecule
water h2o
Hydrophilic
water loving
hydrogen bond
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. It explains why ice is lighter than water and has a number of other unsual attributes.
