Chapter 2 Practice Questions
Refer to the below image. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed? d?
Water is formed when hydrogen and oxygen react to form H2O during the electron transport chain, which is the final stage of cellular respiration.
The process whereby cells completely break down glucose to CO2 and water for energy is: fermentation cellular respiration oxidative phosphorylation glycolysis photosynthesis
cellular respiration
Which of the following processes produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2 after 2 turns? Calvin cycle pyruvate oxidation glycolysis electron transport system citric acid (Krebs) cycle
citric acid (Krebs) cycle
The anaerobic process where oxygen is not available to cells and lactic acid is formed is: oxidation respiration photosynthesis glycolysis fermentation
fermentation
A molecule that undergoes reduction: loses one or more carbon atoms. gains one or more electrons. loses one or more electrons. becomes phosphorylated. loses a hydrogen atom.
gains one or more electrons.
Which of these reactions ends with pyruvic acid? electron transport system Calvin cycle glycolysis pyruvate oxidation citric acid (Krebs) cycle
glycolysis makes 2 pyruvate in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The tissue shown below would most likely be found in what location in the body? esophagus-epithelial insides of the cheeks-epithelial back of the neck- voluntary skeletal muscle vagina- epithelial heel of the foot--
heel of the foot
Enzymes increase the speed of a chemical reaction by: lowering the energy of activation. increasing the rate of the reverse reaction. changing the pH of the reaction. increasing the energy of activation. increasing the temperature of the reaction.
lowering the energy of activation.
Antibodies are proteins that help fight infections. All but which of the following organelles would be involved in producing and transporting an antibody molecule from the cytosol to the extracellular environment? Golgi complex rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosome cytoskeleton lysosome
lysosome is an organelle that does
Which organelle synthesizes phospholipids, fats, and steroids? chloroplast Golgi complex smooth endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER
what is gastrulation
- primary germ layers -Gastrulation occurs during week 3 of human development. The process of gastrulation generates the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm), which primes the system for organogenesis and is one of the most critical steps of development.
For every 12 pyruvate molecules produced in aerobic cellular respiration, how many glucose molecules have undergone glycolysis? 6 3 4 24 12
1 glucose makes 2 pyruvate. so 12 pyruvate would have been produced by 6 glucose molecules undergoing glycolysis
A cell that has 20 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. Which of the following is true? 2 daughter cells will be created, each with 10 chromosomes 4 daughter cells will be created, each with 20 chromosomes 2 daughter cells will be created, each with 40 chromosomes 2 daughter cells will be created, each with 20 chromosomes 4 daughter cells will be created, each with 10 chromosomes
2 daughter cells will be created, each with 20 chromosomes
What are the overall (net) products of glycolysis? 1 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 4 NADH 1 pyruvic acid, 4 ATP, 2 NADH 2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 2 NADH 2 pyruvic acid, 4 ATP, 2 NADH
2 pyruvic acid, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
In human cells, how many ATP molecules are produced from the breakdown of one glucose via aerobic respiration? 36 2 34 4 38
36. It would be 38 but we have to account for the negative -2 ATP we put in to take the pyruvate into the mitochondria. 38-2=36 total ATP produced from 1 molecule of glucose
After two complete turns of the citric acid (Krebs) cycle, the results are: 2 molecules of CO2 and 2 ATP molecules 4 molecules of CO2 and 32 ATP molecules 4 molecules of CO2 and 2 ATP molecules 2 molecules of CO2 and 32 ATP molecules
4 molecules of CO2 and 2 ATP molecules
The energy from catabolic reactions is used to produce: AMP. phosphate. ADP. ATP. O2
ATP
In fermentation, no ATP is produced. a large amount of ATP is produced. oxygen is required. the final electron acceptor is organic. an electron transport chain is required.
ATP IS PRODUCED (2 ATP), It is only a small amount of ATP produced by anaerobic respiration. Oxygen is not required, that is why it is anaerobic. ***The final electron acceptor is organic! it is 2 molecules of lactate. Finally, an electron transport chain only exists in aerobic respiration.
Which of the following statements about connective tissue is TRUE? Neurons and fibroblasts are the major cell types in areolar connective tissue. FALSE!X Collagen and elastin are types of cells found in dense connective tissue-FALSEX Cartilage contains living cells; bone does not. FALSE- bones are living tissue Leukocytes are involved in coagulation. FALSE? Adipocytes function in the storage of lipids.
Adipocytes function in the storage of lipids. TRUE
Which organelle processes, modifies, and sends proteins to their correct destination? Golgi complex lysosome smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria
Golgi apparatus complex
What is inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Inside the nucleus is the *nucleolus (site of synthesis for ribosomes), and *Chromatin (which is DNA wrapped around proteins) stored in jelly substance called *nucleoplasm. .';.................................................,nnn...,
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? microvilli - absorption interphase - replication malignant - metastasis Krebs cycle - produces CO2 fermentation - oxidative phosphorylation only
Microvilli - absorption TRUE fermentation - oxidative phosphorylation only FALSE! interphase - replication malignant - metastasis Krebs cycle - produces CO2 **fermentation doesn't have an electron transport chain.
Which of the following contains 70S ribosomes? mitochondria nucleus cytosol Golgi complex lysosomes
Mitochondria
Which of the following organelles is believed to have originated as a free-living prokaryote? Cell wall Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Golgi complex Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
What is the most common electron carrier in biological systems? NAD Compounds of the respiratory chain Coenzyme A NADP FAD
NAD
One of the main functions associated with simple squamous epithelium is: ----->diffusion active transport-- when ions pass through a protein in a membrane secretion absorption-FALSE the answer depends on where the epithelium is in the body
Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli in lungs, glomeruli, and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. body cavitites! MAIN FUNCTIONS: Absorption and Filtration (Diffusion and filtration.
Transdermal drug delivery involves using an adhesive patch placed on the skin. Nicotine patches and contraceptive patches are well-known examples. If you wanted to design a drug for transdermal delivery, which of the following characteristics would be most important to include? The drug should be an ion. The drug should be large. The drug should contain polar bonds. The drug should be hydrophobic.
The drug should be hydrophobic.
gap junctions - cardiac muscle--- what are they?
These junctions allow communication between adjacent cells via the passage of small molecules directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to that of another. -allow the exchange of ions, second messengers, and small metabolites between adjacent cells and are formed by two unrelated protein families, the pannexins and connexins -found in many places throughout the body. This includes epithelia, which are the coverings of body surfaces, as well as nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth muscle (such as that of the intestines)
The nucleus in a eukaryotic cell is surrounded by:
a nucleus in a eukaryotic cell is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. --the nuclear envelop is a double lipid bi-layer that partitions this DNA in the nucleus from the cell's protein synthesis machinery which is located in the cytoplasm.
Glial cells help neurons in each of the following ways, except: supporting and binding nervous tissue all of the above are ways in which glial cells help neurons X-wrong carrying out phagocytosis cell-to-cell communication by transmitting action potentials
by transmitting action potentials
The smallest unit of life in the body is a(n) ____________.
cell
Robert prepares his morning coffee. Unfortunately, he is tired and forgets to check the temperature before gulping it down. Which type of tissue will most likely be damaged as a result of Robert's carelessness? adipose nervous epithelial connective muscle
epithelial tissues- they form the covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are the major tissue in glands. They perform a variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception.
Which of the following is mismatched? ectoderm - nervous system gap junctions - cardiac muscle fascicle - urinary tract only gastrulation - primary germ layers endocrine - secretion into bloodstream
fascicle - urinary tract only FALSE --A nerve fascicle, or fasciculus is a bundle of funiculi. A funiculus is a bundle of axons. A nerve fascicle refers to nerves in the peripheral nervous system; in the central nervous system this is known as a nerve tract.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched? lysosomes - apoptosis replication - G1 phase flagella - motility metaphase - happens after prophase mitosis - nuclear division
lysosomes - apoptosis replication - G1 phase:: replication happens during S phase flagella - motility metaphase - happens after prophase mitosis - nuclear division
In a eukaryotic cell, the electron transport chain functions within the: nucleus lysosome cytoplasm mitochondrion
mitochondrion- specifically, in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 made in the citric acid cycle (in the mitochondrial matrix) deposit their electrons into the electron transport chain at complexes I and II, respectively.
Tennis pro Rafael Nadal was forced to miss the US Open and London Olympics due to a torn tendon in his left knee. Which of the following images matches the affected tissue in Nadal's knee?
muscles tissues you cant really see the nucleus of each cell. there are straight lines making them all nice looking compared to other cells.
The nucleus in a eukaryotic cell is surrounded by: a nuclear envelope. histones. nucleoli. a matrix. chromatin.
nuclear envelope
What process does the aerobic electron transport chain perform? glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation dephosphorylation substrate-level phosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation
The NADH molecules formed during the Krebs cycle are ________. oxidized when electrons are passed to ATP synthase oxidized when electrons are passed to NADP+ oxidized when electrons are passed to the electron transport chain stored in the mitochondria transported out of the cell during glycolysis
oxidized when electrons are passed to the electron transport chain
The final acceptor molecule in the electron transport system is: water carbon dioxide coenzyme A glucose oxygen
oxygen
The addition of phosphate to a chemical compound is called: reduction. phosphorylation. decarboxylation. oxidation. glycolysis.
phosphorylation
Enzymes belong to which group of organic molecules? nucleic acids lipids proteins carbohydrates None of these.
proteins
****Enzymes: act as a buffer in metabolic reactions give energy to metabolic reactions X-These are all correct. destroy foreign bodies -->speed up metabolic reactions
speed up metabolic reactions. in electron transport, as hydrogen is positively charged, it will bind to the negative charge on enzymes.
What type of tissue holds most organs together?
strings across with nuclei showing throughout background
The substance that an enzyme works upon is called a: reactant active site coenzyme substrate
substrate
Which step of mitosis will happen immediately after the one shown in the figure below? the picture shows anaphase.
telophase comes after anaphase
What is a ribosome?
the cellular machines that assemble proteins
Most of the ATP in aerobic respiration is produced directly from membrane hydrogen gradients created by: glycolysis pyruvate oxidation the electron transport chain the citric acid cycle
the electron transport chain
An enzyme's specificity for a particular substrate is due to: ionic charge separations covalent charge separations the shapes of the substrate and active site the shape of the co-enzyme
the shapes of the substrate and active site
Connective tissues are somewhat similar to epithelial tissues in all of these characteristics except: they can usually reproduce themselves none of the above is correct they occur throughout the body they have abundant intercellular material they often serve more than one function
they have abundant intercellular material FALSE! epithelial tissues have abundant extracellular material
Which of the following reactions best summarizes the goal of cellular respiration? ATP → ADP + P ADP + P → ATP ATP → CO2 + P ATP + O2 → C6H12O6 C6H12O6 → ATP + O2
to produce ATP for cells energy. ADP + P → ATP
A protein that is synthesized at the rough endoplasmic reticulum will go where next? lysosome Golgi complex plasma membrane extracellular fluid smooth endoplasmic reticulum
to the Golgi
A redox reaction can easily be explained as: forming a bond by sharing electrons an attraction between opposite charges the breakdown of glucose in cells transferring electrons between reactants
transferring electrons between reactants