Chapter 2 Quiz

In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?

Adaptive

Which statement best describes outsourcing?

An organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?

Deliverable

An organizational culture with strong unit integration makes the project manager's job more difficult.

False

Internal stakeholders include groups affected by the project such as government officials or concerned citizens.

False

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.

False

The best way to sustain a project is to withhold the required money, human resources, and visibility for the project.

False

The last phase of the traditional project life cycle is the implementation phase.

False

The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.

False

The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects.

False

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

Human resources

Which approach to product development is currently used by many organizations so a predictive set of steps is used as an overall means to coordinate more detailed steps that are adaptively managed?

Hybrid

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

Which characteristic is true of virtual teams?

It is important to select team members carefully.

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

Matrix

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?

Member identity

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?

Open-systems focus

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Organizational culture

Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?

People focus

Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?

Political frame

In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?

Predictive

In a _____organizational structure, program managers, rather than functional managers or vice presidents, report to the CEO. Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete all required tasks within their programs.

Project

In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?

Project

In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?

Prototyping life cycle

Which perspective of an organization focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities in order to meet the goals and policies set by top management?

Structural frame

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization?

Systems thinking

In organizational culture, what does means-end orientation refer to?

The degree to which management focuses on outcomes rather than on techniques and processes used to achieve results

In organizational culture, what does people focus refer to?

The degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on employees within the organization

In organizational culture, what does control refer to?

The degree to which rules, policies, and direct supervision are used to oversee employee behavior

An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

True

Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.

True

Project managers and their teams must recognize the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.

True

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.

True