Chapter 2 Reading Quiz

_______________________ is an approach to describing and studying disorders of childhood, adolescence, and beyond. a. Developmental psychopathology b. Behavioral neuroscience c. Developmental psychology d. Psychiatric medicine

a. Developmental psychopathology

_________________________ refers to individual differences in the threshold and intensity of emotional experience which provides information about an individual's level of distress and sensitivity to the environment. a. Emotion reactivity b. Emotion hypersensitivity and response c. Emotional regulation d. Emotion dysregulation

a. Emotion reactivity

Developmental psychopathology is primarily centered on which of the following? a. comparative norms b. learning processes c. genetic anomalies d. cognitive stages

a. comparative norms

Which of the following terms refers to the identification and study of the causes of a particular disorder? a. etiology b. epidemiology c. pathology d. epistemology

a. etiology

Which of the following terms best reflects the perspective of applied behavior analysis? a. functional b. pedagogical c. correlational d. environmental

a. functional

Which of the following brain structures plays a key role in regulation of emotion? a. hypothalamus b. medulla c. tegmentum d. cerebellum

a. hypothalamus

Which term best reflects the relationship between a child and their environment? a. transactional b. manipulative c. passive d. evolutionary

a. transactional

_______________________ is the failure to master or progress in accomplishing developmental milestones. a. Failure to thrive b. Adaptational failure c. Acquisition failure d. Intellectual disability

b. Adaptational failure

Problems or disruptions of brain growth and development at a younger age are typically associated with_______________. a. Severe issues that result in brain death or institutionalization b. More severe organic disorder and central nervous system complications c. Short-term problems that are resolved through synaptic pruning d. Mild issues that may go undetected due to neural plasticity

b. More severe organic disorder and central nervous system complications

The assumption that abnormal child behavior is _____________ requires that clinicians consider the influence of interacting events and developmental pathways on the developmental of a disorder. a. rare b. Multiply determined c. Reciprocally determined d. One-directional

b. Multiply determined

Which of the following would be the farthest from the center of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of environmental influences? a. family norms b. cultural customs c. school bylaws d. peer game rules

b. cultural customs

Which of the following is a common behavior problem exhibited by a three-year-old child? a. bragging b. hyperactivity c. stubbornness d. self-consciousness

b. hyperactivity

Which term reflects how the brain continually changes based on the demands placed on it? a. unstable b. plasticity c. liquidity d. elastic

b. plasticity

When the class hamster died, five of the children cried a little, two were almost inconsolable, and six didn't seem very concerned.Which of the following terms best reflects this situation? a. emotion regulation b. social cognition c. emotion reactivity d. temperament

c. emotion reactivity

The fact that a child must learn to babble before they can talk is an example of which of the following? a. developmental interdependence b. developmental cascades c. organization of development d. plasticity of development

c. organization of development

From the perspective of abnormal child psychology, a harsh parenting style in the family home would be classified as a ________ of a particular disorder. a. symptom b. causal factor c. risk factor d. complement

c. risk factor

Family systems theorists argue that it is difficult to understand or predict the behavior a child without examining the influence of the other _______________. a. DNA and genetic contributions b. Child-care giver interactions c. Friends at school d. Family members

d. Family members

The ______________ perspective considers brain and nervous system functions as underlying causes of psychological disorders. a. Humanistic b. Bio-psycho-social c. Cognitive behavioral d. Neurobiological

d. Neurobiological

Which of the following psychological theories is most associated with Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)? a. Cognitive biases (observational learning, reinforcement and punishment) b. Social learning theory ( observational learning and punishment) c. Classical conditioning (unconditioned stimulus; conditioned response and extinction) d. Operant Conditioning (positive and negative reinforcement; extinction and punishment)

d. Operant Conditioning (positive and negative reinforcement; extinction and punishment)

________ describes a process in which the brain reduces unnecessary neural connections a. Reuptake b. Adaptation c. Detaching d. Pruning

d. Pruning

Which of the following best represents correct theories on the developing brain? a. The brain is a static instrument that builds upon itself without outside influence b. The environment is recognized as a factor in brain development, but has lacks significant influence over complex behaviors c. Current theories minimize the influence of the environment on the development of the brain d. The brain is a work-in-progress in which the environment plays an essential role as supervisor of re-wiring.

d. The brain is a work-in-progress in which the environment plays an essential role as supervisor of re-wiring.

The diagnosis of a psychological disorder indicates a child's limited ability to ________. a. develop b. mature c. regulate d. adapt

d. adapt

Stress hormones that influence a child's levels of fear and anxiety reflect which type of influence? a. cognitive b. behavioral c. emotional d. biological

d. biological

Within the context of the development of child problematic behaviors very few ______________________ exist. a. environmental influences b. treatments c. known factors d. cause-and-effect relationships

d. cause-and-effect relationships

What is a primary form of communication for very young children? a. language b. signals c. eye contact d. emotion

d. emotion

Which of the following is at the center of sensitive periods of development? a. genetics b. emotion c. behavior d. environment

d. environment

A person who is subjected to high stress will experience a flood of ________ from their adrenal glands. a. aldosterone b. thyroxine c. leptin d. epinephrine

d. epinephrine

Infants' ability to ________ their emotions are a key element of their relationships with caregivers. a. create b. monitor c. control d. regulate

d. regulate

Darnell knows that he's great at sports and that most of the kids in his class like him and think he's funny.What is Darnell demonstrating? a. social learning b. positive temperament c. positive reinforcement d. social cognition

d. social cognition

A __________________ approach attempts to change aspects of the child's environment to improve upon specific problems. a. Bio-Psychological b. Cognitive c. Behavioral d. Psychodynamic

c. Behavioral

Brain circuits and _______________ relate to particular psychological disorders, permitting more targeted treatments. a. Psychoactive drugs b. Adrenal glands c. Neurotransmitters d. Pituitary glands

c. Neurotransmitters

A girl who is trying to adapt to her new school environment after moving to Texas from China is undergoing which of the following processes? a. indoctrination b. marginalization c. acculturation d. accommodation

c. acculturation

The belief system that a child develops about the world around them is a function of which of the following? a. behavioral influences b. biological influences c. cognitive influences d. emotional influences

c. cognitive influences