Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-informed practice
Theory that describes maturation of humans through stages
Developmental
One of the primary reasons for conducting nursing research is to?
Generate knowledge to guide practice
A nursing theorist who is known for her theory of the the individual client being central to the discipline of nursing. Nursing interventions are directed toward repatterining human environment fields or assisting in mobilizing inner resources
Martha Rogers
Which theory describes how humans adjust to life with other living things and with the environment?
Adaptation theory
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Chromium supplements
What is step two in implementing evidence based practice?
Collect the most relevant and best evidence
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45 year old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
P
What is the most common method used to ask clinical questions?
PICOT format
What does PICOT stand for?
Patient/problem/population, Intervention Comparison Outcome Time
Why are theoretic frameworks important?
They advance nursing knowledge and practice
Knowledge that is passed down from one generation to the next
Traditional knowledge
Method of research conducted to gain insight by discovering meanings
qualitative research
Developed his theory of human needs in terms of physical and psychosocial needs considered essential for human life, rather than by chronologic age.
Abraham Maslow
Located at the beginning of the research journal article. It summarizes the entire article and usually provides the purpose of the study; a description of the subjects, data collection, and data analysis; and a summary of important findings.
Abstract
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, and then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
General Systems Theory
What is step four of implementing evidence based practice?
Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision to change
Nursing theorist who is known for her focus on caring. The central theme of her work is that nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. Caring is universal and is practiced through interpersonal relationships.
Jean Watson
A nursing theorist whose central theme is the emphasis on the ill person in the health care setting. When applied in the clinical practice, the client is the center of nursing activities, with nursing care provided based on four conversation principles to help clients adapt to their environment
Myra E Levine
Involves the concepts of basic and applied research
Quantitative research
Research that utilizes numerical values and statistical analysis of data.
Quantitative research
Also called practical research, is designed to directly influence or improve clinical practice
Applied research
What is step one in implementing evidence based practice?
Ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Sometimes called pure or laboratory research, is designed to generate and refine theory, and the findings are often not directly useful in practice
Basic research
What is step three In implementing evidence based practice?
Critically appraise the evidence
A nurse who works In a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of?
Erik Erickson
Based his theory of psychosocial development on the process of socialization, emphasizing how individuals learn to interact with the world. He recognized the role of social, biologic, and environmental factors in development, and defined specific tasks that people accomplish or overcome during what he defined as the eight stages of life, based on chronologic age
Erik Erikson
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
A nurse researcher is involved in an experimental research study. Which component would the nurse researcher manipulate?
Independent variable
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact regarding acquiring funding?
National institute of nursing research
Which theory describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice?
Nursing theory
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative
Part of research journal article that discusses relevant studies that have been conducted in this area of study
Review of the literature
