Chapter 20 HIS 102
Which of the following best expresses the economic development among European nations in the 1870s?
Britain was still Europe's leading industrial nation, but several countries had closed the gap on Britain.
Who were the Luddites?
British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work.
The Zollverein was
a customs union between separate German states.
How did class-consciousness form during the industrial revolution?
Class-consciousness formed because many individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling.
How did labor in British families change in the eighteenth century?
Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages.
The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was
James Watt's steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s
How did cotton transform the textile industry?
The spinning jenny allowed cotton to be spun more efficiently, helping to solve the problem of the shortage of thread.
How did older members of the population seek to control the sexuality of working-class youths?
They supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment.
To move from the laboratory into manufacturing, James Watt's steam engine needed all of the following except
a single, distinct industrial use
The reformer Robert Owens sought to
create a single large national union for British workers
The key development that allowed continental banks to shed their earlier conservative nature was the
establishment of limited liability investment.
Scholarly statistical studies of the condition of members of the British working class indicate that
improvement did not come until after 1820.
The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 commemorated the
industrial dominance of Britain
The Factory Act of 1833
limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories.
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that
population always grew faster than the food supply.
In Germany, Fritz Harkort
sought to match English achievements in machine production as quickly as possible, even at great, unprofitable expense.
Workers resisted moving from cottage work into factories for all of the following reasons except
they received substantially lower wages than cottage work.
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was
usually a response to the wishes of the families.
