Chapter 20

List the following vessels in order of those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure:

1. aorta 2. systemic artery 3. capillary 4. venule 5. systemic vein 6. superior vena cava

Rank the type of veins from smallest to largest:

1. postcapillary venules 2. muscular venules 3. medium veins 4. venous sinuses 5. large veins

Movement of blood in veins is determined by

1. the blood pressure difference between veins and atria 2. the skeletal pump 3. the decrease of thoracic pressure and increase of abdominal pressure due to diaphragm movement 4. valves in the veins

Name the receptors located in the aortic arch near the arteries that supply blood to the head and arms, that also monitor blood chemistry.

Aortic bodies

Which of the following statements about blood vessel structure and function is false?

Arterioles, capillaries, and veins all have valves that allow only one-way flow of blood

Cardiac output is the

Both volume of blood flowing through the systemic circulation each minute and product of the number of heartbeats per minute and the volume pumped per beat are correct

Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls? Nociceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, barareceptors

Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors

True or False: Blood vessels that carry well-oxygenated blood are called arteries.

False

True or False: Mean arterial pressure can be estimated by determining the average of the systolic and diastolic pressures.

False

True or False: Systolic pressure is the peak pressure in systemic arteries and occurs at the beginning of systole.

False

True or False: The purpose of inflating the cuff of the sphygmomanometer is to block the flow of arterial blood until the cuff pressure is equal to blood pressure.

False

True or False: Total peripheral resistance in the circulatory system is primarily determined by the degree of vasoconstriction in the veins.

False

True or False: When arterioles constrict it raises blood pressure and increases the volume of forward flow, while constriction in veins reduces forward flow by decreasing pressure.

False

The sequence of veins draining most of the blood from either side of the brain is:

Internal jugular( drains brain and spinal cord) --> brachiocephalic --> superior vena cava --> right atrium.

blood flow into capillary beds is regulated by ____________.

Precapillary sphincters

Which of these would be classified as large veins? superior venae cavae ulnar vein renal veins pulmonary veins great saphenous vein internal jugular veins

Superior venae cavae renal veins pulmonary veins internal jugular veins

The three branches off of the aorta that supply blood to the upper limbs and head are:

The left common carotid, left subclavian and brachiocephalic arteries.

True or False: Blood pressure is the force that the blood exerts against a vessel wall.

True

True or False: The costocervical trunks arise from the right and left subclavian arteries and supply blood to the muscles of the neck and rib cage.

True

True or False: The femur has greater blood flow but less perfusion than the ovary.

True

True or False: Ventricular contractility is the strength of ventricular contraction at any given end-diastolic volume.

True

Define sinus as it pertains to the blood vessels:

a modified, relatively dilated vein that lacks smooth muscle and is incapable of vasomotion.

Arterial ____ provide collateral routes of blood supply to a tissue.

anastomoses

A collateral route of blood supplied to a tissue is called a(n):

anastomosis

A(n) _____ is a weak, bulging sack that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may eventually rupture.

aneurysm

which of the following are examples of conducting arteries? aorta pulmonary trunk common carotid artery renal artery femoral artery subclavian arteries

aorta pulmonary trunk common carotid artery subclavian arteries and don't forget the common iliac arteries

The sequence of arteries supplying most of the blood to either knee is:

aorta --> common iliac --> external iliac ( supplies lower limbs) --> femoral --> popliteal.

In a(n) ______ blood flows from an artery directly into a vein bypassing the capillary.

arteriovenous anastomosis

In most models and images of the cardiovascular system, vessels transporting de- oxygenated blood will be color coded in _____.

blue

A capillary bed is an organized network of:

capillaries

Blood pressure normally allows plasma substances to leak out of _____ so as to nourish body tissues.

capillaries

The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called

capillaries

The smallest type of blood vessels are called:

capillaries

Chemoreceptors are located in the carotid artery that monitor changes in blood chemistry are:

carotid bodies

An organ or cell specialized to detect chemicals is a(n)

chemoreceptor

Also known as large or elastic arteries, _____ arteries are classified as the largest.

conducting

The first branches which come off of the aorta are the right and left _______ arteries.

coronary

Arteries that are muscular or medium sized arteries that deliver blood to specific organs are called _______ arteries.

distributing

The brachial, femoral, renal and splenic arteries are examples of _______ arteries?

distributing

The tissue layer found in major blood vessels and the heart is the ________.

endothelial layer

The _____ acts as a selectively permeable barrier to materials entering or leaving the bloodstream.

endothelium

The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica _________:

externa

This type of capillary is especially important in organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration:

fenestrated

_____ capillaries are especially important in organs that engage in rapid absorption or filtration.

fenestrated

_____ capillaries have endothelial cells which have many holes called filtration pores in the plasma membrane.

fenestrated

_________ capillaries have endothelial cells riddled with holes called filtration pores.

fenestrated

The viscera within the pelvis are drained through the _____ vein.

internal iliac

The inner most tunic of blood vessels is the tunica __________:

internia

Among arteries and veins, the tunica _____ is usually the thickest.

media

A small artery that empties into a capillary is called a(n)

metarteriole

Short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries are called :

metarterioles

______ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules.

muscular

The hepatic portal system is an unusual vein in that it is transporting __________.

nutrient-rich blood

The pulmonary veins are unusual as veins because they are transporting_______.

oxygenated blood

In a(n) _____ blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to the heart.

portal system

What are the smallest of veins?

postcapillary venules

______ receive blood from capillaries directly or by way of the distal ends of the thoroughfare channels.

postcapillary venules

Hemodynamics are based mainly on:

pressure and resistance

Arteries that are usually too small to be given individual names are known as _____ arteries.

resistance

Arterioles are the smallest______ arteries.

resistance

Identify the tissues that comprise the capillary endothelium.

simple squamous epithelium loose connective

Baroreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are located in the carotid:

sinuses

Newly formed blood cells enter circulation from the bone marrow and lymphatic organs via:

sinusoids

______ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, and some other organs.

sinusoids

The artery carrying blood from the aorta to most of the small intestine is the

superior mesenteric

video question: the fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end because

the net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial ends than it is at the venous end.

Name the layer of the blood vessel that is comprised of loose connective tissue.

tunica externa

Name the arterial layer composed of smooth muscle and collagen:

tunica media

Which vessel layer exhibits vasomotion?

tunica media

veins have valves that ensure the one way flow of blood.

valves

Veins that have become permanently distended and convoluted due to a loss of competence of the venous valves are known as _____ veins.

varicose

The _____ are small vessels that supply blood to the outer half of the larger vessel walls.

vasa vasorum

The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are _____.

veins

______ are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

veins

Anastomoses that provide several alternative routes of drainage from an organ are called:

venous anastomoses

_____ are veins with especially thin walls, large lumens, and no smooth muscle.

venous sinuses

diastolic blood pressure correlates to

ventricular diastole

All of the following assist veins in returning blood to the heart except:

ventricular systole

In addition to the carotid arteries, the brain is also supplied with blood through the ____ arteries.

vertebral

Arteries, capillaries, and veins are categories of blood _________.

vessels