Chapter 20 - The Heart
C
Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. A) mitral B) bicuspid C) tricuspid D) pulmonary semilunar E) aortic semilunar
C
Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the A) brachiocephalic artery. B) right coronary artery. C) left coronary artery. D) phrenic arteries. E) pulmonary arteries.
B
Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called A) coronary sinuses. B) trabeculae carneae. C) intercalated discs. D) papillary muscles. E) chordate tendinae.
D
The _______ is located in the myocardial wall near where the sinus venarum joins the right atrium (superior) A. Purkinje fibers B. AV bundle C. AV node D. SA node E. bundle branches
B
The __________ atrium receives blood from the pulmonary circuit A) Right B) Left C) Top D) Bottom
B
What artery does not pass through the coronary sulcus? A) Right coronary artery B) Inferior Vena Cava C) Left coronary artery D) circumflex artery
B
Arteries are __________ A) afferent B) efferent C) toward D) away E) blue
D
Arteries carry blood _________ the heart. A) afferent B) efferent C) toward D) away from E) blue
B
Identify A) pulmonary veins B) brachiocephalic trunk C) ascending aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
D
Identify A) pulmonary veins B) brachiocephalic trunk C) ascending aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
E
Identify A) pulmonary veins B) brachiocephalic trunk C) ascending aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
C
Identify A) pulmonary veins B) conus arteriosus C) ascending aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
B
Identify A) pulmonary veins B) pulmonary trunk C) ascending aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
D
Identify: The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) coronary sulcus. E) aorta.
B
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, A) the ventricles will beat faster. B) the ventricles will beat more slowly. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) cardiac output will increase. E) the atria will contract more forcefully.
C
In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the A) pleural space. B) pericardial space. C) mediastinum. D) cardiac notch. E) ventral cavity.
E
Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell. A) ionic currents B) action potentials C) the force of contraction D) electrical signals E) All of the answers are correct.
C
Pericardial fluid A) provides oxygen to the heart muscle. B) is located between the myocardium and the endocardium. C) is a lubricant between the heart and the pericardial sac. D) consists of plasma that has leaked out of whole blood. E) flows through the four chambers of the heart.
A
The ________ covers the outer surface of the heart. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) parietal pericardium E) mediastinum
A
The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. A) coronary arteries B) cardiac veins C) superior vena cava D) carotid arteries E) coronary sinus
B
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) visceral pericardium E) mediastinum
C
The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) visceral pericardium E) mediastinum
D
The ________ receives blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. A) right ventricle B) left ventricle C) left atrium D) right atrium E) aorta
C
The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. A) semicaval B) semilunar C) bicuspid D) tricuspid E) pulmonic
C
The _________ is a part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers. A. Purkinje fibers B. AV bundle C. AV node D. SA node E. bundle branches
A
The __________ atrium receives blood from the systemic circuit A) Right B) Left C) Top D) Bottom
A
The __________ is a depression in the right atrium of the heart, and is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development. A) fossa ovalis B) ductus arteriosus C) foramen ovale D) ductus venosus E) ligamentum arteriosum
B
The __________ ventricle pumps blood in the the pulmonary circuit A) Right B) Left C) Top D) Bottom
B
The __________ ventricle pumps blood in the the systemic circuit A) Right B) Left C) Top D) Bottom
C
The ___________ is a group of specialized cardiac muscle fibers located at the center of the heart, in the floor (inferior) of the right atrium, between the atria and ventricles. A. Purkinje fibers B. AV bundle C. AV node D. SA node E. bundle branches
D
The ___________ is the heart's natural pacemaker. The _________consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium (the right upper chamber of the heart). A. Purkinje fibers B. AV bundle C. AV node D. SA node E. bundle branches
C
The anterior interventricular sulcus separates the left and right ______________ A) Cardiac veins B) Atrium C) Ventricles D) Arteries
E
The_______________ contains muscles bundles which from figure eights that encircle the great veins. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) visceral pericardium E) atrial myocardum
D
The_______________ wraps around the apex of the heart and into deep tissue. Assists in squeezing from apex to base. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) ventricular myocardum E) atrial myocardum
A
Veins are __________ A) afferent B) efferent C) toward D) away E) blue
C
Veins carry blood _________ the heart. A) afferent B) efferent C) toward D) away from E) blue
A
Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade. A) pericardial cavity B) visceral pericardium C) apex of heart D) left ventricle E) both atria
T
Cardiac muscle uses aerobic respiration only T or F
C
The cusps (leaflets) of atrioventricular valves attach directly to A) papillary muscles. B) trabeculae carneae. C) chordae tendineae. D) interatrial septa. E) coronary sulci.
D
Which of the following statements is true regarding cardiac muscle? A) Its main source of ATP production is glycogen. B) The actin and myosin myofilaments are not arranged in sarcomeres. C) Cardiac muscle preferentially metabolizes anaerobically. D) There are specialized gap junctions in cardiac muscle not found in skeletal or smooth muscles. E) Cardiac muscle goes into sustained contractions faster than skeletal muscle.
E
_________________ interconnect the smallest arteries and smallest veins. A) arterioles B) arteries C) veins D) lacteals E) capillaries
D
An equivalent term for epicardium is A) myocardium. B) endocardium. C) parietal pericardium. D) visceral pericardium. E) anacardium.
A
Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________. A) efferent; afferent B) afferent; efferent C) toward; away D) afferent; away E) efferent; away
B
As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. A) pulmonary veins B) conus arteriosus C) aorta D) inferior vena cava E) superior vena cava
C
Blood is supplied to the myocardium by A) the coronary sinus. B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers. C) the coronary arteries. D) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries. E) arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries.
B
Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the A) aortic valve. B) pulmonary valve. C) mitral valve. D) tricuspid valve. E) bicuspid valve.
C
Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
A
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the A) right atrium. B) right ventricle. C) left atrium. D) left ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
E
Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following? A) switch to anaerobic metabolism B) release of enzymes into the circulation C) release of troponin T and I into the circulation D) release of CK-MB into the circulation E) All of the answers are correct.
E
Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways. Which of the following is not one of them? A) Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size. B) Cardiac muscle cells have a single, centered nucleus. C) Cardiac muscle cells branch. D) Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs. E) Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.
D
Contractions of the papillary muscles A) close the atrioventricular valves. B) close the semilunar valves. C) eject blood from the ventricles. D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.
C
Coronary veins empty into the A) left atrium. B) left ventricle. C) right atrium. D) right ventricle. E) conus arteriosus.
C
Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because A) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. B) neural stimulation is lacking. C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes. D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. E) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.
B
The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right ventricle. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) body
B
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from rest of the body besides the lungs. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) body
A
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. A) pulmonary B) systemic C) oxygen D) portal E) body
C
The ________ covers the inner surface of the heart. A) epicardium B) myocardium C) endocardium D) parietal pericardium E) mediastinum
A
The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow A) in one direction only. B) in both directions. C) in many directions. D) in opposite directions on the right and left. E) from a ventricle to an atrium.
E
The bicuspid or mitral valve is located A) in the opening of the aorta. B) in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. C) where the venae cavae join the right atrium. D) between the right atrium and right ventricle. E) between the left atrium and left ventricle.
A
The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) interventricular artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta.
e
The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium A) add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart. B) help distribute the forces of contraction. C) provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size. D) provide physical support for cardiac muscle. E) All of the answers are correct.
B
The coronary sinus drains the ________ into the ________. A) coronary arteries; left ventricle B) cardiac veins; right atrium C) interventricular artery; left ventricle D) right atrium; right ventricle E) cardiac vein; right ventricle
A
The coronary sulcus is a groove that A) marks the border between the atria and ventricles. B) marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. C) marks the boundary line between the right and left atria. D) separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. E) separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.
C
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins A) 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5 B) 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 C) 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 D) 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 E) 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6
E
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the A) right atrium. B) left atrium. C) right ventricle. D) left ventricle. E) interatrial septum.
E
The function of an atrium is to A) collect blood. B) pump blood to the lungs. C) pump blood into the systemic circuit. D) pump blood to the ventricle. E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.
C
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) coronary sinus. D) coronary sulcus. E) aorta.
C
The great cardiac vein is runs through the ___________________ A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) anterior interventricular sulcus D) coronary sulcus. E) Posterior interventricular Sulcus
D
The heart is located in the __________ cavity. A) Ventral B) Thoracic C) Mediastinum D) all of the above
A
The inferior point of the heart is called the A) apex. B) hilum. C) base. D) septum. E) mediastinum.
E
The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus A) contain fat. B) contain arteries. C) contain veins. D) are grooves on the surface of the heart. E) All of the answers are correct.
B
The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) lungs. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit.
D
The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) lungs. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) aorta. E) pulmonary circuit.
B
The wall of the ________ rests on the diaphragm. A) left atrium B) right ventricle C) left ventricle D) right atrium E) aorta
A
The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the A) right coronary artery. B) left coronary artery. C) circumflex artery. D) coronary sinus. E) aorta.
E
The middle cardiac vein is runs through the ___________________ A) superior vena cava. B) inferior vena cava. C) anterior interventricular sulcus D) coronary sulcus. E) Posterior interventricular Sulcus
B
The muscle layer of the heart which consists of concentric layers of cardiac muscle is the A) epicardium. B) myocardium. C) endocardium. D) parietal pericardium. E) mediastinum. Answer: B
C
The posterior interventricular sulcus separates the left and right ______________ A) Cardiac veins B) Atrium C) Ventricles D) Arteries
b
The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver.
B
The pulmonary circuit is ____________ blood. A) red B) deoxygenated C) oxygened D) portal E) body
D
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the A) aorta. B) pulmonary trunk. C) pulmonary veins. D) right ventricle. E) left atrium.
A
The pulmonary veins carry blood to the A) heart. B) lungs. C) brain. D) intestines. E) liver.
E
The right atrium receives blood from the A) coronary sinus. B) superior vena cava. C) inferior vena cava. D) systemic circuit. E) All of the answers are correct.
E
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. A) deoxygenated; left atrium B) oxygenated; right lung C) deoxygenated; superior vena cava D) deoxygenated; right atrium E) oxygenated; left atrium
A
The right ventricle pumps blood to the A) right and left lungs. B) left ventricle. C) left atrium. D) aorta. E) right atrium.
A
The space between the pleural cavities is called the A) mediastinum. B) subcardium. C) endocardium. D) myocardium. E) epicardium.
A
The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the A) foramen ovale. B) interatrial septum. C) coronary sinus. D) fossa ovalis. E) ligamentum arteriosus.
C
The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the A) apex. B) hilum. C) base. D) septum. E) mediastinum.
C
The systemic circuit is ____________ blood. A) red B) deoxygenated C) oxygened D) portal E) body
C
The visceral pericardium is the same as the A) mediastinum. B) parietal pericardium. C) epicardium. D) myocardium. E) endocardium.
D
What artery does not pass through the coronary sulcus? A) Great Cardiac Vein B) Coronary Sinus C) Small Cardiac Vein D) circumflex vein
D
What nutrients does cardiac muscle utilize? A) carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Proteins D) All of the above
D
Which is not a function of the pericardium? A) Lubrication B) Reduction of friction C) Physical protection D) Collect blood
C
Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? A) superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle B) right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta C) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium D) inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta E) left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium
C
Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space? A) pericardial cavity B) visceral pericardium C) apex of heart D) aorta E) right atrium