Chapter 21
Binet believed that intelligence was a ___________.
"learned entity"
What factors influence expertise?
-Circumstances -Training -Practice -Genetics -Natural Ability
What are Cattell & Horn's 2 Clusters of (g)?
-Fluid intelligence -Crystallized Intelligence
What were two warnings Binet posed about his test?
-His test did not measure innate intelligence. -It should not be used to label (pigeonhole) students.
Characteristics of Expert Thought include:
-Intuitive -Atomatic -Strategic -Flexible
The Lifespan Developmental Perspective posits that life is:
-Multidirectional (involves both growth & decline) -Multicultural (norms, beliefs, expectations) -Multicontextual (income, social status, education level) -Multidisciplinary (psychology, biology, sociology, gerontology, etc.) -Plastic (durable yet flexible)
What are some examples of "atypical" expertise?
-Musician -Dancer
What isn't measured by traditional intelligence tests?
-Olfactory intelligence and brain plasticity -Psychomotor intelligence & kinetic abilities -Spatial intelligence scores were average on IQ tests for London taxi drivers, but their expertise was clear while navigating the city.
EQ now commonly viewed as 4 interrelated dimensions:
-Understanding/awareness of one's own emotions -Emotion regulation -understanding/awareness of others emotions. -Response to the emotions of others.
Who modified the Binet-Simon scale to create the Stanford-Binet?
Lewis Terman
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
-an intelligence test based on the Binet-Simon scale, commonly administered to children. -Intelligence Quotient (IQ) = Mental Age/Chronological age X 100. -Currently in its 5th edition and still widely used.
Cattel-Horn-Carroll Theory
-crystallized intelligence >accumulated knowledge -fluid intelligence >processing speed &problem solving
________ %of IQ scores fall between 1 Standard Deviation of the average IQ score
70
who set the standard for how we measure intelligence today?
Alfred Binet
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence includes?
Analytic intelligence Creative intelligence Practical (tactic) intelligence
who proposed psychological perspectives on successful aging?
Baltes & Baltes
What test did Alfred Binet create?
Binet-Simon Intelligence scale.
Creative intelligence
Involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible & innovative (thinking outside the box).
_________________ involves an awareness that each perspective is only one of many, that problems can have many possible solutions, and that knowledge is often dynamic, not static.
Cognitive flexibility
who said "What doesn't get measured, doesn't get done."
Dr. Deborah Plummer
Mayer & Salovey are associated with...
EQ/EI
Charles Spearman proposed?
General Intelligence (g)
what is general Intelligence (g) ?
Idea that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities
Crystallized Intelligence
Intellectual ability that reflects accumulated learning through education and experience (e.g. Vocabulary, facts, general knowledge)
Analytic intelligence
Involves processes such as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention & information processing, as well as verbal & logical skills.
SOC Model
People strive to maintain balance in their lives, compensating for physical & cognitive losses by becoming more proficient in certain areas (skills/knowledge).
what is the relationship between expertise & Age?
The relationship is not straightforward and there is considerable variance in the amount of time needed for expertise.
psychological perspectives on successful aging
The selective optimization with compensation (SOC) model.
automatic processing
Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges.
what was Robert Sternberg's intelligence theory?
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
What is an example of automatic thought?
Tying shoes. Kids are better at explaining the process because they don't think about it automatically like adults do.
WAIS-IV stands for what?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (16 & up)
WISC-IV stands for what?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (roughly ages 3-7 and 7-16)
what is the most common intelligence tests.
Wechsler Scales
we do see that, with ________, people often become selective experts over time.
age
Generally speaking, fluid intelligence _____________with age while crystallized intelligence tends to remain stable and _________.
decreases; increase
Intelligence & human cognition are ___________ processes.
dynamic
According to general intelligence (g), people have __________ of this general ability.
varying levels (s)
Fluid intelligence
makes learning of all sorts quick & thorough (e.g., short-term memory, abstract thought, processing speed).
According to Sternberg,___________ is arguably most often used during adulthood.
practical intelligence
Cattell-Horn-Carroll has had.....
several additions to the theory since its inception.
Expertise
specialized skills and knowledge developed around a particular activity or area of special interest.
Organization & ____________ are very important, especially given the decline in multitasking, working memory, and processing speed over time.
strategic planning
Practical (tactic) intelligence
the intellectual skills used in everyday life. Sometimes viewed as a product of "the school of hard knocks." or "street smarts" rather than "book smarts".
