CHAPTER 21

burnettii is the organism that causes Q fever.

Coxiella

Which is the causative agent of Q fever?

Coxiella burnetii

All of the following belong to the Rickettsioses EXCEPT ______.

Coxiella burnetti

True or false: Untreated cases of relapsing fever usually have a mortality rate over 80%.

False

Which are the three genera of curviform bacteria? Multiple select question. Clostridium Vibrio Streptococci Campylobacter Helicobacter

Helicobacter Campylobacter Vibrio

provide the reservoir for pathogenic strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. Multiple choice question. Rodents

Humans

Which genus of hard ticks transmits the Borrelia burgdorferi pathogen of Lyme disease? Multiple choice question. Aedes Coxiella Borrelia Ixodes

Ixodes

Which is the genus of ticks responsible for Lyme disease transmission?

Ixodes

Borrelioses tend to be spread via these arthropod vectors: and ticks.

LICE

What are the stages of untreated syphilis? Multiple choice question. Endo, Ecto, and Meso Alpha, Beta, Gamma Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Delta, Gamma, Beta

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Which is the causative agent for Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?

Rickettsia rickettsii

To indirectly verify the presence of the T. pallidum pathogen, the RPR and TT tests demonstrate the presence of against substances released by cells when they are damaged by the pathogen and antigens specific to the pathogen, respectively.

antibodies

Which substances are detected in the two-step serological approach that indirectly demonstrates the presence of the T. pallidum pathogen?

antibodies specific to antigens of the pathogen antibodies against cardiolipin or lecithin, substances released by damaged host cells

he majority of chlamydia infections are _____ in the host.

asymptomatic

Besides syphilis, three diseases caused by treponemes are 1 primary ,, 2 , Incorrect Unavailable and 3 ,, which are endemic to certain tropic and subtropical regions.

bejel yaws pinta

The skin lesions of Lyme disease are known as _____. Multiple select question. bull's-eye rash erythema migrans maculopapular rash petechiae bullae

bull's-eye rash erythema migrans

All of the following are characteristics of the Chlamydiaceae EXCEPT ______.

can be grown on artificial media

A is the primary sore of syphilis that forms at the site of penetration by Treponema pallidum.

chancre

The primary lesion seen in syphilis infections is called a ______. Multiple choice question. abscess eschar wart chancre

chancre

A syphilis infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero is called ______ syphilis.

congenital

The main reservoir hosts for the tick vector that transmits Borrelia burgdorferi are ______. Multiple select question. cattle raccoons deer rodents canines

deer rodents

When the cholera toxin binds to specific receptors on intestinal cells, the cells shed large amounts of into the intestine, accompanied by extreme , Correct Unavailable loss.

electrolytes water or fluid

Chlamydias alternate between two life stages, an inactive, infectious body and a noninfectious dividing form called a(n) body.

elementary reticulate

The infectious form of a chlamydia is the _______ body, whereas the noninfectious dividing form is the __________ body.

elementary; reticulate

The best prevention for typhus is ______.

extermination of the vector

Transmission of endemic typhus to humans occurs through ______. Multiple select question. flea bite inhalation of infected rat feces louse feces rubbed into bite tick bite

flea bite inhalation of infected rat feces

A soft tumorous mass containing granuloma tissue that develops during tertiary syphilis is called a(n) ______.

gumma

Spirochetes are bacteria with a ______ shape. Multiple choice question. bacillus helical rod spherical coccus

helical

The causative agent of relapsing fever is Borrelia

hermsii

The major reservoir of R. prowazekii is the ______. Multiple choice question. human body mosquito flea horse fly

human body

Which of the following is true regarding the incidence of Lyme disease? Multiple choice question. It is increasing. It is decreasing.

increasing

Campylobacter , one of the most important causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, is transmitted through contaminated beverages and food.

jejuni

Which body organs are affected in leptospirosis?

kidneys liver brain

Between the secondary and tertiary stages of syphilis, many infections enter a period of

latency

is a zoonotic infection spread to humans through waters contaminated with animal urine.

leptospirosis

Which are signs or symptoms of relapsing fever? Multiple select question. liver damage fatigue enlarged tongue nausea high fever

liver damage fatigue nausea high fever

Most people acquire a R. prowazekii by getting bitten by a ___ carrying the organism.

louse

Borellia recurrentis causes -borne relapsing fever.

louse or lice

The stage of syphilis is characterized by the appearance of a chancre at the site of pathogen entry.

primary

Untreated syphilis is marked by three distinct clinical stages designated in order as , , and , with latent periods in between.

primary , secondary, tertiary

The main reservoirs for the Ixodes tick that carries Borrelia burgdorferi are deer and

rodents, rats, or mice

Thestage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved.

secondary

Syphilis is commonly transmitted through contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero.

sexual or direct

What signs/symptoms occur with endemic typhus? Multiple select question. difficulty breathing skin rash stiffening of the joints high fever muscle pain

skin rash high fever muscle pain

Secondary syphilis is characterized by ______.

sore throat systemic rashes headache fever

A(n) is a helical-shaped bacterium that flexes as it moves.

spirochete

B. burgdorferi is a large with irregular, loose coils and complex nutritional requirements.

spirochete

Which is a reservoir of the the tick that carries Borrelia hermsii, the causative agent of relapsing fever? Multiple choice question. squirrels fish birds insects

squirrels

Which sign/symptom does not occur with endemic typhus?

stiffening of the joints

In the stage of syphilis infection, numerous damaging pathological complications exist in various body systems, such as cardiovascular syphilis or the development of gummas in various tissues.

tertiary

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is named for _____.

the location where it was first detected

The characteristic of H. pylori that differs from Campylobacter is ______.

the presence of multiple sheathed polar flagella

Syphilis is most commonly transmitted by which two of the following? Multiple select question. through blood transfusion through sex through fomites to the fetus in utero

through sex to the fetus in utero

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is spread by a biological vector, in most cases a

tick

Which is a characteristic of Helicobacter? Multiple choice question. one flagellum multinucleated comma-shaped tight spirals

tight spirals

Of the two strains of Chlamydia trachomatis that affect humans, the disease trachoma is caused by the strain.

trachoma

Chlamydia trachomatis causes the two eye diseases ocular and inclusion .

trachoma conjunctivitis

True or false: Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites.

true

Preventative measures for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever include ______.

using insect sprays carefully removing ticks wearing protective clothing

The main prevention for Lyme disease is avoiding contact with the

vector or tick

Which conditions favor cholera transmission? Multiple select question. dry environment warm environment saline conditions acidic environment

warm environment saline conditions

In nonendemic areas, such as the United States, the causative agent of cholera is spread mostly by ______.

water and food

The cholera toxin binds to specific receptors in the intestine, which results in profuse loss from the intestine.

water or fluid

Tick-borne relapsing fever occurs sporadically in the US, usually in campers, backpackers, and forestry personnel who frequent the higher elevations of the states.

western

Identify areas where endemic typhus still persists.

Africa South America Central America

During the primary stage of syphilis, what is the main sign/symptom? Multiple choice question. Appearance of chancre Hair loss Full-body brownish rash Neurological disturbances

Appearance of chancre

The causative agent for trench fever is quintana.

Bartonella

The most common causative agent for cat-scratch fever is

Bartonella henselae

Which is the causative agent for trench fever?

Bartonella quintana

Which organism causes louse-borne relapsing fever, most common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, China, and Afghanistan?

Borellia recurrentis

The causative agent for Lyme disease is

Borrelia burgdorferi

Which organism is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

Which organism is the causative agent of relapsing fever?

Borrelia hermsii

Leptospirosis is contracted through which means? Multiple select question. Direct skin contact with urine Vehicles contaminated by feces Direct person to person contact Vehicles contaminated by urine

Direct skin contact with urine Vehicles contaminated by urine

Which of the following can be useful in helping prevent typhus?

Dusting homes with insecticide Use of anti-louse shampoo or ointment Eliminating the vector

Between which stages of syphilis may infections enter an extended period of latency? Multiple choice question. Only after the tertiary stage Primary and secondary There is never a latent stage. Secondary and tertiary

Secondary and tertiary

is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

Syphilis

Which organism causes the disease pinta, a chronic skin infection endemic to tropical forest and valley regions of Latin America, that requires several years of close contact for transmission?

T. pallidum carateum

Which organism causes bejel, a chronic inflammatory childhood disease endemic to arid areas of the Middle East and North Africa? Multiple choice question. T. pallidum pertenue T. pallidum pallidum T. pallidum endemicum T. pallidum carateum

T. pallidum endemicum

Which organism causes the disease yaws, endemic to warm, humid, tropical regions of Africa, Asia and South America?

T. pallidum pertenue

Damage to cardiovascular and nervous tissues, as well as the development of gummas in the tissues, occurs during which stage of syphilis? Multiple choice question. Secondary Tertiary Primary Latency

Tertiary

During which stage is syphilis not transmissible? Multiple choice question. Incubation Secondary Tertiary Primary

Tertiary

Which does NOT describe Helicobacter pylori?

Thrives in anaerobic environment

The causative agent for syphilis is pallidum.

Treponema