Chapter 1: Nutrition, food choices, and health

Based on the figure of average US consumption of dairy products between 1974 in 2014, which dairy products have experience and increase intake?

1. Cheese 2. Yogurt and cottage cheese

Select the following statement that applies to a double-blind study

1. During the experiment, the subjects participating in the study do not know if they are taking the treatment 2. During the experiment, the researchers are not aware of which group takes the treatment and which group takes the possible 3. During the experiment, the subjects participating in the study do not know if they are taking the placebo

Lipids are involved in which of the major functions of nutrients?

1. Regulating body processes 2. promoting growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues 3. providing energy

Which of the following are considered healthy methods for cooking food?

1. Stir-frying 2. Baking 3. Steaming

Carbohydrates provide the body with __________ kcal per gram.

4

What is 7% of 65?

4.55

Lipids contain__________ kcal per gram

9

Which of the following best describes a kilocalories?

A unit describing the energy content of food

Building blocks of proteins are called__________

Amino acids

Hunger is influenced by which of the following?

Blood levels of nutrients

The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the __________ group

Control

Stroke stroke is a

Decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain

What is the term for the primarily physical drive to find and eat food, most regulated by internal cues to eating?

Hunger

__________ is a medical term for high blood pressure

Hypertension

Type 1 diabetes

Involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin the pancreas and requires daily and insulin

As a class of nutrients, __________ do not dissolve in water.

Lipids

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

Lipids Water Carbohydrates

1 liter is nearly the same volume as one__________

Quart

True or false: Carbohydrates provide the body with calories

True

True or false: Poor dietary choices made in college can lead to poor dietary choices throughout life

True

Name the science that links food and health

nutrition

Smoking is the number__________leading cause of preventable deaths in North America

1

From the following list, select the practice items that provide plenty of nutrients and help you feel full for several hours after eating.

1. A serving of fruit, such as one cup of blueberries 2. A serving of whole grains, such as one size of whole wheat bread 3. A source of proteins, such as two boiled eggs

High intake of __________ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity

1. Alcohol 2. Animal fats 3. Salt

On average, restaurant meals__________ that home prepared meals

1. Are higher in fat 2. Are larger

Which of the following tips would help a student to eat well on a budget?

1. Buy frozen fruits and vegetables 2. Never go shopping hungry 3. By store brand-foods instead of name brands

Which of the following are sources of water for the human body?

1. By-product of metabolism 2. Drinks 3. Foods

Which of the following make up a protein?

1. Carbon 2. oxygen 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen

Select all the diet trends that have contributed to better health for Americans over the last decade.

1. Choosing low-fat or skim milk instead of whole milk 2. Choosing frozen instead of canned vegetables 3. A white Friday of food products is available for health-conscious cunsumers

Which behaviors tend to lower risk of obesity?

1. Choosing plant oils instead of animal fats 2. Choosing whole grains instead of refined grains

From the following, slept ways to get the most nutritional benefits from eating tomatoes

1. Cut tomatoes to increase the bioavailability of nutrients and phytochemicals 2. Choose tomatoes with the darkest red color for the most nutrients

Healthy people 2020 includes which of the following objectives?

1. Decrease consumption of sodium 2. Increase consumption of whole grains 3. Reduce iron deficiency is among females of childbearing age

The city of nutrition includes__________ of food substances

1. Digestion 2. Excretion 3. Absorption 4. Ingestion

Which of the following should a student athlete do to maintain optimal health?

1. Drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration 2. Balance calorie intake with calorie expenditure

Which of the following are goals of Healthy People 2020?

1. Eliminate health disparities 2. Increase quality and years of healthy life

Choose of behaviors that can prevent many age-related diseases

1. Exercise 2. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables

Which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?

1. Fiber 2. starch 3. glycogen

Which of the following are forms of carbohydrates?

1. Fibers 2. starches 3. sugars

Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?

1. Find a workout partner 2. Work for an employer with a wellness program 3. Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips or pretzels

Which factors can affect your food choices?

1. Flavor 2. Food customs 3. Advertising 4. Economics

Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?

1. Fruits 2. Vegetables

Eating disorders may lead to

1. Gastrointestinal problems 2. Menstrual irregularities 3. Thinning of bones 4 heart abnormalities

Which of the following are factors that might contribute to hypertension?

1. Genetics 2. excess salt intake 3. obesity

Which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?

1. Glycogen 2. Fiber 3. Starch

In Canada, which two agencies collect data on nutrition and health status of the population?

1. Health Canada 2. Agriculture and Agrifood Canada

Which of the following are examples of chronic diseases that are strongly associated with poor diet and lack of exercise?

1. Heart disease 2. hypertension 3. diabetes mellitus

Which of the following are internal factors that influence satiety?

1. Hormones 2. Macronutrients in the blood 3. Brain chemicals

A lipid is made up of which of the following?

1. Hydrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Carmen

Which of the following are two main characteristics of obesity among Americans today?

1. In adequate physical activity 2. Excessive calorie intake

All the following are among the leading causes of death in the United States

1. Kidney disease 2. Heart disease 3. Diabetes 4. Cancer

Which of the following are examples of characteristics that increase the risk of osteoporosis?

1. Lack of nutrients (i.e. calcium) in younger years 2. Poor diet 3. Aging

Which of the following are two major contributor still leading causes of death in the United States?

1. Lack of physical activity 2. poor diet

A healthful diet that meets The nutrition and weight status objectives includes

1. Limiting intake of salt fats, cholesterol, added sugars, sodium, and alcohol 2. Limit calorie intake to meet caloric needs 3. Consumer variety of nutrient dense-foods with an in across the food groups

A helpful diet that means the nutrition and weight status objectives include

1. Limiting intake of solid fat, cholesterol, added sugars, sodium, and alcohol 2. Limit calorie intake to meet caloric needs 3. Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods within and across the food groups

Place the following units of measurement in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom).

1. Microgram 2. Milligram 3. Centigram 4. Kilogram

Which of the following are examples of risk factors?

1. Nutritional habits 2. smoking 3. heredity

Select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrient.

1. Omission of an essential nutrient form the diet leads to a decline in body functions 2. Replacing an omitted essential nutrient from the diet before permanent damage occurs can restore normal biological functions 3. An essential nutrient has a specific biological function in the human body

Which of the following are elements that compose carbohydrates?

1. Oxygen 2. Hydrogen 3. Carbon

Over the past decade, Americans have increased their Conception of which food items?

1. Pasta 2. Breakfast cereals 3. Frozen vegetables

Who are the subjects in a case-control study?

1. Person(s) without the disease or condition under investigation 2. Person(s) with the disease or condition under investigation

Who are the subjects in a case-control study?

1. Person(s) without the disease or condition under investigation 2. Person (s) with the disease or condition under investigation

What are the two main factors that contribute to the development of obesity?

1. Poor diet 2. Lack of physical activity

Which of the following are nutrient classes that yield energy?

1. Proteins 2. Lipids 3. Carbohydrates

Chemical reactions help release the energy trapped in

1. Proteins 2. carbohydrates 3. lipids

The following are benefits of minimizing alcohol intake

1. Reduce risk of liver disease 2. reduce risk of accidents

Select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrients

1. Replacing an omitted essential nutrients from the diet before permanent damage occurs can restore normal biological functions 2. Omission of the essential nutrient from the diet leads to a decline in body functions 3. An essential nutrient has a specific biological function in the human body

Rank the following steps of the Scientific Method in order, with the first step at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.

1. Research team asks a research question 2. Research team forms a hypothesis 3. Research team conducts research experiments 4. Research team evaluate their results and reports their findings 5. Original research team and/or other researchers conduct follow-up research to confirm or extend findings

Which of the following are considered signs and symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

1. Semi- consciousness 2. Strong odor of alcohol 3. Slow respiration's of 8 or fewer breathes per minute 4. Cold, clammy, and pale skin

Which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals?

1. Sodium 2. Chloride 3. Potassium

Which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals?

1. Sodium 2. chloride 3. potassium

Which of the following factors influence satiety?

1. Stomach expansion 2. No my name meal was just eaten 3. High nutrient content of the blood

Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?

1. Sucrose 2. Glucose

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design to investigate the tolerable upper intake level of calcium, which of the following groups are required?

1. The experimental group 2. The control group

Why is a sport strength, rather than water, best for sporting events lasting longer than an hour?

1. They supply Carbohydrates 2. They provide electrolytes

From the MyPlate vegetables group, select the two most commonly consumed food choices

1. Tomatoes 2. Potatoes

Which of the following statements are true about fiber?

1. Type of carbohydrate 2. Add bulk to the feces 3. Not digestible for human enzymes

Regular physical activity reduces the risk of

1. Type two diabetes 2. Obesity 3. Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following can influence health behaviors for college students?

1. Unlimited access to video games 2. A fight with a roommate 3. Moving away from home 4. Final exam week

Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemical?

1. Vegetables 2. Fruits

Which of the following are water-soluble vitamins?

1. Vitamin C 2. vitamin B-6 3. vitamin B-12

Which of the following are examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

1. Vitamin E 2. vitamin A 3. Vitamin D

Which of the following statements are TRUE about water?

1. Water helps to regulate body temperature 2. Water helps transport waste 3. Water is a solvent and lubricant

Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?

1. water 2. lipids 3. carbohydrates

The prefix "micro-" means:

1/1,000,000

Approximately__________ of American children are overweight or obese

1/3

Match the calories cost for each of the nutrients in the following foods 10 grams carbohydrates 5 grams fat 4 grams protein

10 grams carbohydrates- 40 kcal 5 grams fat- 45 kcal 4 grams protein- 16 kcal

A kilo represents

1000

My weight is 60 kilograms. What is my weight in pounds?

132 60x 2.2= 132, 1 kilogram= 2.2 pounds

1 kilograms gram is equal to how many pounds?

2.2

16 is __________% of 64

25 16/64=0.25x100=25%

How is binge drinking to find for a meal?

5 or more drinks in a row

How many kilocalories are in 1 gram of alcohol?

7

About how many cups of water should woman drink each day?

9

Researchers at Cornell University have written a manuscript about the impact of soy consumption on breast cancer risk. Which of the following people is best qualified to be a peer reviewer for a manuscript before it is published?

A researcher from the University of Illinois who specializes in soy research but did not collaborate on the study

A compound what speeds the rate of chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is

An enzyme

A theory is best defined as

An explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it

In some cases, it is not feasible to obtain Data from human nutrition research. For example, it would be unethical to design a controlled experiment in which human infants were not given us an essential nutrient to determine the effects of the nutrition on infant growth. In cases like this, research in__________ models is useful.

Animal

A __________Is a linkage between two items formed by the sharing of electrons

Bond

__________ is a chronic condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

Cancer

Which of these nutrients do NOT promote growth, development, and maintenance of body issues?

Carbohydrates

The medical term that refers to any disease of a heart and circulatory system is__________ disease

Cardiovascular

Which of the following is most likely source of protein for the average American?

Chicken

A __________ disease is one that develops over a long period of time

Chronic

A __________ carbohydrate contains many glucose units

Complex

A__________ carbohydrate contains many glucose units

Complex

A__________ is Composed of many sugar units

Complex carbohydrate

Dr. Perry hypothesize that vitamin D supplements would improve the performance of athletes. She conducted a study and which one group of rugby players were given 50,000 IU of vitamin D and one group of rugby players was given a placebo (with no vitamin D). After three months of supplements, she measured the sprint times of the rugby players. The group that received the placebo (with no vitamin D) was the

Control group

Choosing a variety of fruits and vegetables__________ risk of developing chronic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Decreases

How is binge drinking define for a female?

Drinking for more drinks in a row

The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is referred to as

Epidemiology

A __________ nutrient is a substance which, we left out of the diet, Leads poor health. The body either can't produce the substance or it can't produce enough of it to me it's needs

Essential

Which is a good strategy to prevent the "freshman 15?"

Exercise regularly

True or false: A calorie ( with a lowercase "c") it's larger than a kilocalorie

False

True or false: A vegetarian dietary pattern usually leads to a protein deficiency

False

True or false: An inorganic substance contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure

False

True or false: Generally, wheels are solid at room temperature

False

True or false: In the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy

False

True or false: Lipids contain fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates

False

True or false: Phytochemicals are essential nutrients

False

True or false: all lipids are soluble in water

False

True or false: appetite does not influence food intake

False

True or false: if a food contains 10 g of fat and has 190 cal, then 5% of calories come from fat

False

True or false: if a food contains 10 grams of fat and has 190 calories, then 5% of calories come from fat

False

True or false: in the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy

False

True or false: The body uses protein as a primary source to meet calorie needs

Falset

An excess protein intake above that which is used by the bodies converted to sign stored as__________

Fat

Because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of__________- soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity

Fat

Because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of__________-soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity

Fat

It is important to remember that moderation is especially necessary when consuming

Fried foods

A __________ provides instructions for proteins synthesis

Gene

The study of the function and structure of the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism, known as the genome is called __________.

Genomics

__________ is The main six-carbon simple sugar found in blood

Glucose

What is the chemical representation of water?

H2O

The primary site for cardiovascular disease is the vessels of the

Heart

Which of the following is the best example of a chronic disease?

Heart disease

Diabetes is associated with

High blood glucose

Molly would like to lose a few pounds, but she doesn't want to go on a crash diet. Molly may be able to reduce her overall calorie intake if she pays closer attention two and it's based upon her body's__________ cues

Hunger

When Dr. Barry Marshall first observed that many people with stomach ulcers were also infected with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, he came up with the__________ that bacteria or the cause of stomach ulcers

Hypothesis

How does a hypothesis become a theory?

If the results of many experiments and researchers support a hypothesis

Over the past decade, the rate of obesity in America has

Increased

A sedentary lifestyle__________ risk A developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

Increases

Which of the following is true about a case-control study?

Individuals with a health condition are matched with individuals without a condition but with similar characteristics

Minerals are structurally simple,__________ substances

Inorganic

As a class of nutrients, do__________not dissolve in water

Lipids

Nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and protein) that are needed in quantities greater than a gram are considered

Macronutrients

Most foods contain calories from various classes of energy healing nutrients. Which food list below does not follow this pattern?

Margarine

On average,__________ need to drink about 13 cups of water each day

Men

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted over The last decade reports that the prevalence of obesity for __________has not changed but has increased for_________

Men; women

A_________ is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet

Micronutrient

What are structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms?

Minerals

What is following is an inorganic substance?

Minerals

Which of the following is an inorganic substance?

Minerals

In general, flavor, texture, and appearance are the__________Important factors that determine our food choices

Most

Proteins are similar in composition to carbohydrates except proteins have

Nitrogen

Phytochemicals can be classified __________ nutrients

Non- essential

Phytochemicals can be classified as__________nutrients

Non-essential

The many roles of __________ in the body include yielding calories to fulfill energy needs, providing materials for building body tissues, and regulating chemical processes in the body.

Nutrients

The many roles of__________in the body include yield in calories to fulfill energy needs, providing materials for building all tissues, and regulating chemical processes in the body

Nutrients

What are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body?

Nutrients

__________ are substances obtained from food that is vital for growth and maintenance for the body

Nutrients

Children who watch a lot of television and consume large amounts of fast food and sugary trains are at risk of developing__________as they grow older

Obesity

Negative health outcomes of__________ include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and sometimes the campus

Obesity

__________ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.

Obesity

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Observation of a natural phenomenon

Which of the following are terms that refer to lipids?

Oils Fats

Name the chronic disease characterized by decrease bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet

Osteoporosis

Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a __________.

Placebo

Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy. However, the body usually does not use much__________to meet daily calorie needs. Instead, this nutrient is reserved for growth and maintenance of body tissues

Protein

The food and attritional board is issued recommendations on the proportions of total energy intake that should come from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. That's the appropriate range of total calories for each of the following macronutrients

Protein - 10% to 30% of total KCAL Carbohydrates- 45% to 65% of total KCAL Fat- 25% 235% of total KCAL

Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?

Proteins

Appetite is primarily__________Drive to find and eat food

Psychological

1 liter is nearly the same volume as one

Quart

Who's the best person to ask for answers to your personal nutrition questions?

Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)

Type 2 diabetes

Results from either insufficient insulin release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells in might not require insulin therapy

__________ __________ is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.

Risk Factor

What is the term used to describe the feeling of fullness after a meal?

Satiety

Obesity is considered the__________leading cause of preventable death in North America

Second

Carbohydrates can be categorized as

Simple or complex

Which of the following is the #1 cause of preventable death?

Smoking

In contrast of oil, fats are__________ at room temperature

Solid

Solid fats should be consumed

Sparingly

Calorie

The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius

When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then test the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using

The scientific method

Epidemiology

The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations

If daily needs are less than 100 milligram, the mineral is classified as a__________mineral

Trace

The Recommended Dietary Allowance for iron is 18 milligrams per day for adult women or 8 milligrams per day for adult men. Iron is a__________

Trace mineral

True or false: A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension

True

True or false: A solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved

True

True or false: Metabolism refers to chemical processes in the body by which energy is provided in useful forms and vital activities are sustained

True

True or false: Smells, taste, the sight of food, time of day , and celebrations are all cues that may trigger us to eat.

True

True or false: The body gets nutrients from food

True

True or false: When protein is consumed in excess of needs, the excess can be converted to insured as fat

True

True or false: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved

True

True or false: almost all enzymes are considered proteins

True

True or false: an organic compound contains carbon as part of its chemical structure

True

True or false: cells in the feeling center of the brain signal us to eat

True

True or false: diet plays a role in a variety of leading causes of death

True

True or false: digestion breaks complex carbohydrates into simple sugar molecules

True

True or false: disordered eating may lead to an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating-disorder

True

True or false: ethanol is a compound found in alcoholic beverages

True

True or false: polyphenols are phytochemicals Found and blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries

True

True or false: proteins, lipids, water, and some vitamins and minerals all promote growth, development, and maintenance

True

True or false: vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body

True

The body is comprised for about 60% of what nutrient?

Water

To quench your thirst and avoid calorie intake, choose __________ as your primary beverage.

Water

Cooking is most likely to destroy __________vitamins

Water-soluble

Learning to you based on your bodies hunger cues is a great way to avoid

Weight gain

Which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?

a testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error

Starch and fiber are examples of

complex carbohydrates

Most enzymes are made of

proteins

__________ are essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but participate in many chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients

vitamins