Chapter 1: Nutrition, food choices, and health
Based on the figure of average US consumption of dairy products between 1974 in 2014, which dairy products have experience and increase intake?
1. Cheese 2. Yogurt and cottage cheese
Select the following statement that applies to a double-blind study
1. During the experiment, the subjects participating in the study do not know if they are taking the treatment 2. During the experiment, the researchers are not aware of which group takes the treatment and which group takes the possible 3. During the experiment, the subjects participating in the study do not know if they are taking the placebo
Lipids are involved in which of the major functions of nutrients?
1. Regulating body processes 2. promoting growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues 3. providing energy
Which of the following are considered healthy methods for cooking food?
1. Stir-frying 2. Baking 3. Steaming
Carbohydrates provide the body with __________ kcal per gram.
4
What is 7% of 65?
4.55
Lipids contain__________ kcal per gram
9
Which of the following best describes a kilocalories?
A unit describing the energy content of food
Building blocks of proteins are called__________
Amino acids
Hunger is influenced by which of the following?
Blood levels of nutrients
The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the __________ group
Control
Stroke stroke is a
Decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain
What is the term for the primarily physical drive to find and eat food, most regulated by internal cues to eating?
Hunger
__________ is a medical term for high blood pressure
Hypertension
Type 1 diabetes
Involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin the pancreas and requires daily and insulin
As a class of nutrients, __________ do not dissolve in water.
Lipids
Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
Lipids Water Carbohydrates
1 liter is nearly the same volume as one__________
Quart
True or false: Carbohydrates provide the body with calories
True
True or false: Poor dietary choices made in college can lead to poor dietary choices throughout life
True
Name the science that links food and health
nutrition
Smoking is the number__________leading cause of preventable deaths in North America
1
From the following list, select the practice items that provide plenty of nutrients and help you feel full for several hours after eating.
1. A serving of fruit, such as one cup of blueberries 2. A serving of whole grains, such as one size of whole wheat bread 3. A source of proteins, such as two boiled eggs
High intake of __________ tend to increase the risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity
1. Alcohol 2. Animal fats 3. Salt
On average, restaurant meals__________ that home prepared meals
1. Are higher in fat 2. Are larger
Which of the following tips would help a student to eat well on a budget?
1. Buy frozen fruits and vegetables 2. Never go shopping hungry 3. By store brand-foods instead of name brands
Which of the following are sources of water for the human body?
1. By-product of metabolism 2. Drinks 3. Foods
Which of the following make up a protein?
1. Carbon 2. oxygen 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen
Select all the diet trends that have contributed to better health for Americans over the last decade.
1. Choosing low-fat or skim milk instead of whole milk 2. Choosing frozen instead of canned vegetables 3. A white Friday of food products is available for health-conscious cunsumers
Which behaviors tend to lower risk of obesity?
1. Choosing plant oils instead of animal fats 2. Choosing whole grains instead of refined grains
From the following, slept ways to get the most nutritional benefits from eating tomatoes
1. Cut tomatoes to increase the bioavailability of nutrients and phytochemicals 2. Choose tomatoes with the darkest red color for the most nutrients
Healthy people 2020 includes which of the following objectives?
1. Decrease consumption of sodium 2. Increase consumption of whole grains 3. Reduce iron deficiency is among females of childbearing age
The city of nutrition includes__________ of food substances
1. Digestion 2. Excretion 3. Absorption 4. Ingestion
Which of the following should a student athlete do to maintain optimal health?
1. Drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration 2. Balance calorie intake with calorie expenditure
Which of the following are goals of Healthy People 2020?
1. Eliminate health disparities 2. Increase quality and years of healthy life
Choose of behaviors that can prevent many age-related diseases
1. Exercise 2. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables
Which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?
1. Fiber 2. starch 3. glycogen
Which of the following are forms of carbohydrates?
1. Fibers 2. starches 3. sugars
Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?
1. Find a workout partner 2. Work for an employer with a wellness program 3. Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips or pretzels
Which factors can affect your food choices?
1. Flavor 2. Food customs 3. Advertising 4. Economics
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?
1. Fruits 2. Vegetables
Eating disorders may lead to
1. Gastrointestinal problems 2. Menstrual irregularities 3. Thinning of bones 4 heart abnormalities
Which of the following are factors that might contribute to hypertension?
1. Genetics 2. excess salt intake 3. obesity
Which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?
1. Glycogen 2. Fiber 3. Starch
In Canada, which two agencies collect data on nutrition and health status of the population?
1. Health Canada 2. Agriculture and Agrifood Canada
Which of the following are examples of chronic diseases that are strongly associated with poor diet and lack of exercise?
1. Heart disease 2. hypertension 3. diabetes mellitus
Which of the following are internal factors that influence satiety?
1. Hormones 2. Macronutrients in the blood 3. Brain chemicals
A lipid is made up of which of the following?
1. Hydrogen 2. Oxygen 3. Carmen
Which of the following are two main characteristics of obesity among Americans today?
1. In adequate physical activity 2. Excessive calorie intake
All the following are among the leading causes of death in the United States
1. Kidney disease 2. Heart disease 3. Diabetes 4. Cancer
Which of the following are examples of characteristics that increase the risk of osteoporosis?
1. Lack of nutrients (i.e. calcium) in younger years 2. Poor diet 3. Aging
Which of the following are two major contributor still leading causes of death in the United States?
1. Lack of physical activity 2. poor diet
A healthful diet that meets The nutrition and weight status objectives includes
1. Limiting intake of salt fats, cholesterol, added sugars, sodium, and alcohol 2. Limit calorie intake to meet caloric needs 3. Consumer variety of nutrient dense-foods with an in across the food groups
A helpful diet that means the nutrition and weight status objectives include
1. Limiting intake of solid fat, cholesterol, added sugars, sodium, and alcohol 2. Limit calorie intake to meet caloric needs 3. Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods within and across the food groups
Place the following units of measurement in order from smallest (top) to largest (bottom).
1. Microgram 2. Milligram 3. Centigram 4. Kilogram
Which of the following are examples of risk factors?
1. Nutritional habits 2. smoking 3. heredity
Select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrient.
1. Omission of an essential nutrient form the diet leads to a decline in body functions 2. Replacing an omitted essential nutrient from the diet before permanent damage occurs can restore normal biological functions 3. An essential nutrient has a specific biological function in the human body
Which of the following are elements that compose carbohydrates?
1. Oxygen 2. Hydrogen 3. Carbon
Over the past decade, Americans have increased their Conception of which food items?
1. Pasta 2. Breakfast cereals 3. Frozen vegetables
Who are the subjects in a case-control study?
1. Person(s) without the disease or condition under investigation 2. Person(s) with the disease or condition under investigation
Who are the subjects in a case-control study?
1. Person(s) without the disease or condition under investigation 2. Person (s) with the disease or condition under investigation
What are the two main factors that contribute to the development of obesity?
1. Poor diet 2. Lack of physical activity
Which of the following are nutrient classes that yield energy?
1. Proteins 2. Lipids 3. Carbohydrates
Chemical reactions help release the energy trapped in
1. Proteins 2. carbohydrates 3. lipids
The following are benefits of minimizing alcohol intake
1. Reduce risk of liver disease 2. reduce risk of accidents
Select each of the following statements that are defining characteristics of an essential nutrients
1. Replacing an omitted essential nutrients from the diet before permanent damage occurs can restore normal biological functions 2. Omission of the essential nutrient from the diet leads to a decline in body functions 3. An essential nutrient has a specific biological function in the human body
Rank the following steps of the Scientific Method in order, with the first step at the top of the list and the last step at the bottom of the list.
1. Research team asks a research question 2. Research team forms a hypothesis 3. Research team conducts research experiments 4. Research team evaluate their results and reports their findings 5. Original research team and/or other researchers conduct follow-up research to confirm or extend findings
Which of the following are considered signs and symptoms of alcohol poisoning?
1. Semi- consciousness 2. Strong odor of alcohol 3. Slow respiration's of 8 or fewer breathes per minute 4. Cold, clammy, and pale skin
Which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals?
1. Sodium 2. Chloride 3. Potassium
Which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals?
1. Sodium 2. chloride 3. potassium
Which of the following factors influence satiety?
1. Stomach expansion 2. No my name meal was just eaten 3. High nutrient content of the blood
Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?
1. Sucrose 2. Glucose
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study design to investigate the tolerable upper intake level of calcium, which of the following groups are required?
1. The experimental group 2. The control group
Why is a sport strength, rather than water, best for sporting events lasting longer than an hour?
1. They supply Carbohydrates 2. They provide electrolytes
From the MyPlate vegetables group, select the two most commonly consumed food choices
1. Tomatoes 2. Potatoes
Which of the following statements are true about fiber?
1. Type of carbohydrate 2. Add bulk to the feces 3. Not digestible for human enzymes
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of
1. Type two diabetes 2. Obesity 3. Cardiovascular disease
Which of the following can influence health behaviors for college students?
1. Unlimited access to video games 2. A fight with a roommate 3. Moving away from home 4. Final exam week
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemical?
1. Vegetables 2. Fruits
Which of the following are water-soluble vitamins?
1. Vitamin C 2. vitamin B-6 3. vitamin B-12
Which of the following are examples of fat-soluble vitamins?
1. Vitamin E 2. vitamin A 3. Vitamin D
Which of the following statements are TRUE about water?
1. Water helps to regulate body temperature 2. Water helps transport waste 3. Water is a solvent and lubricant
Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
1. water 2. lipids 3. carbohydrates
The prefix "micro-" means:
1/1,000,000
Approximately__________ of American children are overweight or obese
1/3
Match the calories cost for each of the nutrients in the following foods 10 grams carbohydrates 5 grams fat 4 grams protein
10 grams carbohydrates- 40 kcal 5 grams fat- 45 kcal 4 grams protein- 16 kcal
A kilo represents
1000
My weight is 60 kilograms. What is my weight in pounds?
132 60x 2.2= 132, 1 kilogram= 2.2 pounds
1 kilograms gram is equal to how many pounds?
2.2
16 is __________% of 64
25 16/64=0.25x100=25%
How is binge drinking to find for a meal?
5 or more drinks in a row
How many kilocalories are in 1 gram of alcohol?
7
About how many cups of water should woman drink each day?
9
Researchers at Cornell University have written a manuscript about the impact of soy consumption on breast cancer risk. Which of the following people is best qualified to be a peer reviewer for a manuscript before it is published?
A researcher from the University of Illinois who specializes in soy research but did not collaborate on the study
A compound what speeds the rate of chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is
An enzyme
A theory is best defined as
An explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it
In some cases, it is not feasible to obtain Data from human nutrition research. For example, it would be unethical to design a controlled experiment in which human infants were not given us an essential nutrient to determine the effects of the nutrition on infant growth. In cases like this, research in__________ models is useful.
Animal
A __________Is a linkage between two items formed by the sharing of electrons
Bond
__________ is a chronic condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Cancer
Which of these nutrients do NOT promote growth, development, and maintenance of body issues?
Carbohydrates
The medical term that refers to any disease of a heart and circulatory system is__________ disease
Cardiovascular
Which of the following is most likely source of protein for the average American?
Chicken
A __________ disease is one that develops over a long period of time
Chronic
A __________ carbohydrate contains many glucose units
Complex
A__________ carbohydrate contains many glucose units
Complex
A__________ is Composed of many sugar units
Complex carbohydrate
Dr. Perry hypothesize that vitamin D supplements would improve the performance of athletes. She conducted a study and which one group of rugby players were given 50,000 IU of vitamin D and one group of rugby players was given a placebo (with no vitamin D). After three months of supplements, she measured the sprint times of the rugby players. The group that received the placebo (with no vitamin D) was the
Control group
Choosing a variety of fruits and vegetables__________ risk of developing chronic diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes
Decreases
How is binge drinking define for a female?
Drinking for more drinks in a row
The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is referred to as
Epidemiology
A __________ nutrient is a substance which, we left out of the diet, Leads poor health. The body either can't produce the substance or it can't produce enough of it to me it's needs
Essential
Which is a good strategy to prevent the "freshman 15?"
Exercise regularly
True or false: A calorie ( with a lowercase "c") it's larger than a kilocalorie
False
True or false: A vegetarian dietary pattern usually leads to a protein deficiency
False
True or false: An inorganic substance contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure
False
True or false: Generally, wheels are solid at room temperature
False
True or false: In the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy
False
True or false: Lipids contain fewer calories per gram than carbohydrates
False
True or false: Phytochemicals are essential nutrients
False
True or false: all lipids are soluble in water
False
True or false: appetite does not influence food intake
False
True or false: if a food contains 10 g of fat and has 190 cal, then 5% of calories come from fat
False
True or false: if a food contains 10 grams of fat and has 190 calories, then 5% of calories come from fat
False
True or false: in the cells of the body, minerals can be broken down to provide energy
False
True or false: The body uses protein as a primary source to meet calorie needs
Falset
An excess protein intake above that which is used by the bodies converted to sign stored as__________
Fat
Because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of__________- soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity
Fat
Because they are not readily excreted, excessive consumption of__________-soluble vitamins is likely to result in toxicity
Fat
It is important to remember that moderation is especially necessary when consuming
Fried foods
A __________ provides instructions for proteins synthesis
Gene
The study of the function and structure of the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism, known as the genome is called __________.
Genomics
__________ is The main six-carbon simple sugar found in blood
Glucose
What is the chemical representation of water?
H2O
The primary site for cardiovascular disease is the vessels of the
Heart
Which of the following is the best example of a chronic disease?
Heart disease
Diabetes is associated with
High blood glucose
Molly would like to lose a few pounds, but she doesn't want to go on a crash diet. Molly may be able to reduce her overall calorie intake if she pays closer attention two and it's based upon her body's__________ cues
Hunger
When Dr. Barry Marshall first observed that many people with stomach ulcers were also infected with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, he came up with the__________ that bacteria or the cause of stomach ulcers
Hypothesis
How does a hypothesis become a theory?
If the results of many experiments and researchers support a hypothesis
Over the past decade, the rate of obesity in America has
Increased
A sedentary lifestyle__________ risk A developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
Increases
Which of the following is true about a case-control study?
Individuals with a health condition are matched with individuals without a condition but with similar characteristics
Minerals are structurally simple,__________ substances
Inorganic
As a class of nutrients, do__________not dissolve in water
Lipids
Nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and protein) that are needed in quantities greater than a gram are considered
Macronutrients
Most foods contain calories from various classes of energy healing nutrients. Which food list below does not follow this pattern?
Margarine
On average,__________ need to drink about 13 cups of water each day
Men
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted over The last decade reports that the prevalence of obesity for __________has not changed but has increased for_________
Men; women
A_________ is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet
Micronutrient
What are structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms?
Minerals
What is following is an inorganic substance?
Minerals
Which of the following is an inorganic substance?
Minerals
In general, flavor, texture, and appearance are the__________Important factors that determine our food choices
Most
Proteins are similar in composition to carbohydrates except proteins have
Nitrogen
Phytochemicals can be classified __________ nutrients
Non- essential
Phytochemicals can be classified as__________nutrients
Non-essential
The many roles of __________ in the body include yielding calories to fulfill energy needs, providing materials for building body tissues, and regulating chemical processes in the body.
Nutrients
The many roles of__________in the body include yield in calories to fulfill energy needs, providing materials for building all tissues, and regulating chemical processes in the body
Nutrients
What are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body?
Nutrients
__________ are substances obtained from food that is vital for growth and maintenance for the body
Nutrients
Children who watch a lot of television and consume large amounts of fast food and sugary trains are at risk of developing__________as they grow older
Obesity
Negative health outcomes of__________ include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, and sometimes the campus
Obesity
__________ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.
Obesity
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation of a natural phenomenon
Which of the following are terms that refer to lipids?
Oils Fats
Name the chronic disease characterized by decrease bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet
Osteoporosis
Generally, a fake medicine or treatment used to disguise the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a __________.
Placebo
Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy. However, the body usually does not use much__________to meet daily calorie needs. Instead, this nutrient is reserved for growth and maintenance of body tissues
Protein
The food and attritional board is issued recommendations on the proportions of total energy intake that should come from proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. That's the appropriate range of total calories for each of the following macronutrients
Protein - 10% to 30% of total KCAL Carbohydrates- 45% to 65% of total KCAL Fat- 25% 235% of total KCAL
Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?
Proteins
Appetite is primarily__________Drive to find and eat food
Psychological
1 liter is nearly the same volume as one
Quart
Who's the best person to ask for answers to your personal nutrition questions?
Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN)
Type 2 diabetes
Results from either insufficient insulin release or the general inability for insulin to act on certain body cells in might not require insulin therapy
__________ __________ is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.
Risk Factor
What is the term used to describe the feeling of fullness after a meal?
Satiety
Obesity is considered the__________leading cause of preventable death in North America
Second
Carbohydrates can be categorized as
Simple or complex
Which of the following is the #1 cause of preventable death?
Smoking
In contrast of oil, fats are__________ at room temperature
Solid
Solid fats should be consumed
Sparingly
Calorie
The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius
When a researcher observes a natural phenomenon, forms a hypothesis about that phenomenon, and then test the hypothesis using an experiment, she is using
The scientific method
Epidemiology
The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations
If daily needs are less than 100 milligram, the mineral is classified as a__________mineral
Trace
The Recommended Dietary Allowance for iron is 18 milligrams per day for adult women or 8 milligrams per day for adult men. Iron is a__________
Trace mineral
True or false: A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension
True
True or false: A solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved
True
True or false: Metabolism refers to chemical processes in the body by which energy is provided in useful forms and vital activities are sustained
True
True or false: Smells, taste, the sight of food, time of day , and celebrations are all cues that may trigger us to eat.
True
True or false: The body gets nutrients from food
True
True or false: When protein is consumed in excess of needs, the excess can be converted to insured as fat
True
True or false: a solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved
True
True or false: almost all enzymes are considered proteins
True
True or false: an organic compound contains carbon as part of its chemical structure
True
True or false: cells in the feeling center of the brain signal us to eat
True
True or false: diet plays a role in a variety of leading causes of death
True
True or false: digestion breaks complex carbohydrates into simple sugar molecules
True
True or false: disordered eating may lead to an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating-disorder
True
True or false: ethanol is a compound found in alcoholic beverages
True
True or false: polyphenols are phytochemicals Found and blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries
True
True or false: proteins, lipids, water, and some vitamins and minerals all promote growth, development, and maintenance
True
True or false: vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body
True
The body is comprised for about 60% of what nutrient?
Water
To quench your thirst and avoid calorie intake, choose __________ as your primary beverage.
Water
Cooking is most likely to destroy __________vitamins
Water-soluble
Learning to you based on your bodies hunger cues is a great way to avoid
Weight gain
Which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?
a testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error
Starch and fiber are examples of
complex carbohydrates
Most enzymes are made of
proteins
__________ are essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but participate in many chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients
vitamins