Chapter 21 - Mastering A&P Questions

The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through which structure?

choanae

The "C" in COPD stands for?

chronic

The measure of how easily lungs expand and contract is termed

compliance

The conchae

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus

_______ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting people of the Northern European descent.

cystic fibrosis

The elastic cartilage the covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

epiglottis

The openings to the nostrols are the

external nares

The lungs are divided into lobes by structures called

fissures

A hemoglobin molecule contains __________ globular protein subunits.

four

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

hard palate

The ____________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures

hilum

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as

hypoxia

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport

Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as

internal respiration

Most of the carbon dioxide that is absorbed by blood:

is converted to carbonic acid

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air

Which of the following statements about the chloride shift is FALSE?

it causes RBCs to swell

Which of the following statements about the trachea is FALSE?

it is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

What branches form the trachea?

primary bronchi

The respiratory mucosa of the conduction airways consists of

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The technical term for "breathing" is

pulmonary ventilation

Which of the following systems is responsible for gas exchange?

respiratory

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

respiratory distress syndrome

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

respiratory minute volume

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodges in the _______ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

right primary

In the lower respiratory tract, cartilage plates first appear at the _________ _______.

secondary bronchi

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

simple squamous epithelium

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

soft plate

Air traveling from the tertiary bronchi must pass through the _______ to reach the pulmonary lobule.

terminal bronchioles

The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as

the chloride shift

The inflation reflex protects

the lungs from damage due to overexpansion

Choose the correct statement regarding the trachea and bronchi

the right primary bronchus is larger in diameter than the left primary bronchus

All of the below are sensory stimuli that can modify the activities of the respiratory center except

thermorecptors

The right lung has _______; the left lung has __________

three lobes; two lobes

The largest shield-shaped cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

thyroid

The ________ extends from the larynx to the mediastinum

trachea

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the

trachea

Asthma is an acute condition resulting from

unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

upper respiratory tract

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within flexible tissues of the external nose is the

vestibule

Which of these age-based changes is FALSE?

vital capacity increases

Which of the following statements about bronchioles is FALSE?

walls are made of cartilage

The vocal folds are located

within the larynx

If the dorsal respiratory group of neurons in the medulla oblongata were destroyed bilaterally,

a person would stop breathing

Each terminal bronchiole supplies a single

a singular pulmonary lobule

Internal respiration is the

absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide by tissue cells

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in

all of the above - increased surface tension in the alveoli - increased tendency to alveolar collapse - loss of surfactant - decreased rate of gas exchange

Functions of the nasal cavity include which of the following?

all of the above - trap airborne particles - humidifying the air - filtering the air - warming the air

Breathing through the nose rather than the mouth is advantageous because

all of the above - air is warmed on inhalation - water loss is reduced on exhalation - heat loss is reduced on exhalation - air is humidified on inhalation

Carbonic anhydrase

all of the above - an enzyme - converts CO2 into carbonic acid - is in RBCs - increase amount of bicarbonate ion in plasma

In emphysema, which of the following occurs?

all of the above - compliance increases - alveoli collapse - elevated PCO2 in blood

What happens to a carbon dioxide molecule once it enters the blood stream?

all of the above - dissolves in plasma - binds to protein portion of hemoglobin molecules within RBCs - converted to a molecule of carbonic acid

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the _________ center

all of the above - dorsal respiratory group (DRG) - pneumotaxic - ventral respiratory group (VRG) - apneustic

The respiratory defense system is important because it

all of the above - helps warms the air - keeps out pathogens - helps filter the air - keeps out debris

Which of the following statements if TRUE regarding activity in the alveoli?

alveolar macrophages collect stray dust particles

_________ equals the respiratory rate x (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

alveolar ventilation rate

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

alveoli

Alveolar Ventilation refers to the

amount of air reaching the alveoli each minute

Air remaining in the conducting portion of the respiratory system that does not reach the alveoli?

anatomic dead space

A period in which breathing has stopped, followed by a forceful expulsion of air is termed

apnea

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

apneustic

At the level of teh alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?

at the respiratory membrane

MOST of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions

A mucosa consists of

both an epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats/

12-18

The adult human trachea is about _____ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal.

2.5 cm;15-20

MOST of the oxygen transported by the blood is

bound to hemoglobin

The respiratory center is housed in the _________ of the brain

brain stem

The MOST important chemical regulator of respiration is

carbon dioxide

If you looked closely at a pulmonary lobule, you would see all of the following structures except

cartilage plates

If tissue oxygen demand increases and respiratory rate and tidal volume remain the same, what happens?

Alveolar PO2 DECREASES; blood and tissue PCO2 INCREASES

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, EXCEPT

medulla oblongata

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

modifies the rate and depth of breathing

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of lungs

The beating of the cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the

mucus escalator

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the

nasal septum

The auditory tubes open into the

nasopharynx

Which of the following statements regarding tobacco smoking and lung damage is true?

neoplasia is not reversible, even if the person stops smoking, but can be treated by surgery

All of the following provide chemorecptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the

olfactory epithelium

Starting at the _______, the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium.

oropharynx

The _________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone

oropharynx

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

oropharynx

The common pathway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

pharynx

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

phonation

Which of the following is FALSE about the pharynx?

It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal mucosa?

dehumidify the incoming air

The apneustic centers promote inhalation by stimulating the

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

double the rate of breathing

The term "hypercania" refers to

elevated PCO2

The obstructive lung disease in which elastic fibers are lost, leading to collapse of alveoli and bronchioles, is called

emphysema

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing

Which upper respiraotry structure includes the portion of the pharynx between the hyoid bone and the entrance of the larynx and esophagus?

laryngopharynx

The glottis is the opening to the

larynx

Which of the following is a cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis?

larynx

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

left lung

During inhalation pressure inside the lungs is

less than pressure outside

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the

lips

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

lobes of the lungs

The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli all make up the

lower respiratory tract