Chapter 21 Review

Define compliance and resistance. (Module 21.15A)

Compliance is the ease with which the lungs expand and recoil. Resistance is an indication of how much force is required to inflate or deflate the lungs.

Which of the following is greater? the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli

the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air

The auditory tubes open into the

nasopharynx

During exercise, hemoglobin releases more oxygen to active skeletal muscles than it does when those muscles are at rest. Why?

Increased temperature and decreased pH generated by active skeletal muscles cause hemoglobin to release more oxygen during exercise than when the muscles are at rest

Describe the forces that drive oxygen and carbon dioxide transport between the blood and peripheral tissues. (Module 21.14B)

The partial pressure gradients push oxygen into peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide out of tissues and into blood.

If the fluid bond between the parietal and visceral pleura is broken and the lung collapses, the resulting condition is termed

atelectasis.

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

cricoid

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in all of the following except

decreased number of dust cells.

The amount of air that a person can voluntarily expel after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle is termed

expiratory reserve volume.

The ________ is a depression in the lung that allows attachment of the primary bronchi, pulmonary vessels, and other structures.

hilum

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as

hypoxia

The vocal folds are located within the

larynx

The nasal cavity is divided into left and right portions by the

nasal septum.

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

oropharynx

Lobar bronchi supply air to the

segmental bronchi.