Chapter 22: Infection Control

A nurse is caring for a client in isolation. Which precaution should the nurse follow when administering medication to a client in isolation?

Discard used intravenous (IV) bags in the room.

A nurse is caring for a client with streptococcal pneumonia. The nurse has to initiate precautions for the client. Based on this information, what type of precautions should the nurse initiate and review the procedures with staff members?

Droplet Precautions

A family member with a mild upper respiratory infection comes to visit a client in a long-term care facility. What is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Offer the family member a mask, explaining its use.

A nurse is caring for a client with rubella. What precautions should the nurse take when caring for this client?

Wear a mask when working within 3 feet of the client.

The nurse is caring for a client who became very ill after ingesting seafood. How will the nurse document this condition?

noncommunicable disease

An 83-year-old resident of an extended-care home has begun displaying uncharacteristic confusion over the past 48 hours and is suspected to have a new infection. However, the nurse has documented that the client's temperature is within normal limits. When performing further assessments of this client, the nurse should understand that:

older adults may present atypical signs and symptoms of infection.

The nurse is caring for a postpartum mother who delivered her second child yesterday. The mother states her older child has just been diagnosed with chickenpox. She is concerned her newborn will develop the disease. How will the nurse likely respond?

"Have you had chickenpox?"

A nurse is reviewing an adult client's chart and sees that the client is overdue for a tetanus booster. How many years must have elapsed for the client to require this shot? Record your answer using a whole number.

10

A client in the emergency department waiting room is showing signs of respiratory symptoms. Approximately how many feet from others should the nurse tell the client to maintain? Record your answer using a whole number.

3

A nurse is caring for a client who is on droplet precautions. How many feet must be maintained between this client and other noninfected clients and visitors? Record your answer using a whole number.

3

A client with an infectious disease that requires airborne precautions must be transported from the client's room to the radiology department. What measures would the nurse take to protect against spreading infection while overseeing the transport of this client? (Select all that apply.)

Line the surface of the wheelchair or stretcher with a clean sheet or bath blanket to protect the surface from direct client contact. Cover as much of the client's body as possible during transport. Make sure the client wears a mask or particulate air filter respirator. Use the same PPE during transport as the nurse would while caring for the client.

A client for whom transmission-based precautions are required is experiencing sensory deprivation. Which of the following techniques could the nurse employ to assist this client? Select all that apply.

Move the bed to various places in the room or periodically rearrange the furnishings in the room. Position the client so that he or she can look out the window. Encourage activities that the client can do independently such as reading, working crossword puzzles, playing solitaire, and putting picture puzzles together.

Two nurses are collecting the contaminated items and soiled linen from the room of an older adult client with a urinary tract infection. The nurses are collecting the contaminated material as per the double-bagging method. Which steps must be followed when using the double-bagging method?

One bag of a contaminated item is placed within another.

A 12-year-old is being hospitalized for pneumonia. The nurse receives the client's culture and sensitivity report on her tracheal aspirate. The client is infected with a strain of Streptococcus pneumonia, which is particularly prone to cause infections, also referred to as what?

Pathogenic

A nurse is working with a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This nurse also has another client today who has an upper respiratory infection. What is the most important thing the nurse can do to prevent the client with HIV from acquiring the upper respiratory infection?

Perform hand hygiene before and after entering the client's room.

The nurse is caring for a client who has active tuberculosis (TB) and is in Airborne Precautions. The primary care provider orders a computed tomography (CT) examination of the chest. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?

Place a surgical mask on the client and transport to the CT department at the specified time.

A bearded nurse needs to assess the condition of a client with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). What is the best respirator mask for this nurse?

Powered Air Purifying Respirator

The nurse is caring for an older adult with pneumonia. Which assessment finding requires immediate nursing intervention?

client is more difficult to arouse

Microorganisms present on the human body without host interference or interaction refers to:

colonization

Nurses are performing the technique shown in the accompanying image. What technique is represented?

double bagging

Which pieces of personal protective equipment should be removed first?

gloves

A nurse is working with a client with an infectious disease that requires the nurse to wear a particulate air filter respirator. Which disease does the client likely have?

tuberculosis

A nurse is caring for a client who has influenza and varicella. Which type of transmission precautions should the nurse follow when caring for the client? Select all that apply.

Airborne Contact Droplet

What means of transmission do nurses use transmission barriers to protect themselves from? (Select all that apply.)

blood body substances air dropletsgbvjk

A nurse is working with a new graduate nurse. The nurse states that she was exposed to a client's blood and that she was not wearing any PPE. Which would be considered significant blood exposures by occupational health? Select all that apply.

Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HIV

A team of nurses is caring for a client with tuberculosis. They have not been fitted an N95 respirator. How will the team proceed with care?

Utilize a powered air, purifying respirator (PAPR).

What nursing interventions are appropriate to decrease HCAIs? (Select all that apply.)

Wash hands often. Encourage vaccinations. Cluster patients with similar conditions. Select appropriate PPE for all isolation patients

A client has been admitted to the hospital with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of pulmonary tuberculosis and a STAT chest x-ray has been ordered. What action best reduces the risk of transmission to clients and staff?

Facilitate a portable x-ray in the client's room rather than transporting the client.

Two nurses are working together to double-bag some contaminated items from the room of a client in isolation. What is a role of the "clean" nurse?

Folds the top of the clean bag down on the outside to make a collar or cuff

A client had her nares and perineum swabbed for pathogens upon admission to the hospital and the results indicate that the client has been colonized with an antibiotic-resistant microorganism. What is an implication of this assessment finding?

The client lacks signs and symptoms of infection but microorganisms are present.

A nurse is wearing a cover gown. What are benefits of a cover gown? (Select all that apply.)

They open in the back to reduce inadvertent contact with the client and objects. They fasten at the neck and waist to keep the gown securely closed, thus covering all the wearer's clothing.

A nurse is caring for a 55-year-old post-operative client. The client returns to the ICU after surgery intubated and mechanically ventilated with a Salem sump nasogastric tube, a Foley catheter, and a PICC line in place. Based on the nurse's knowledge of the most common hospital-acquired infections, which apparatus is most important to remove first?

Urinary catheter

Which client would require a negative flow room?

an 81-year-old man with active tuberculosis and a productive cough

A nurse is reviewing the charts of clients in the hospital ward and knows that airborne precautions are required for which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

an adult with pulmonary tuberculosis an infant with chickenpox a teenager with measles