Chapter 22 Infection Control & Medical Asepsis

What are the steps in the inflammatory process in physiologic order from first to last?

1. dilation of blood vessels increases blood supply 2. blood flow causes redness or heat 3. plasma moves into tissue, causing swelling 4. there is pain due to nerve damage 5. white cells move into injured tissue 6. pathogens are destroyed

The order of occurrence of the links in the chain of infection are?

1. infectious agent 2. reservoir host 3. portal of exit 4. means of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. suspectible host

How long do you wash hands for

15 seconds minimum with antimicrobial soap and warm running water

Obesity is defined as more than ___ % above the recommended body weight.

20

how long do you leave in steam if unwrapped

20 minutes

steam sterilization needs temp increased to what

250 - 254 °

Which of the following best describes the order of occurrence of the links in the chain of infection?

3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 1 1. Susceptible Host 2. Portal of Exit 3. Infectious Agent 4. Reservoir Host 5. Means of Transmission 6. Portal of Entry

how long do you leave in steam if loosely wrapped

30 min

how long do you leave in steam if tightly packaged

40 minutes

TRUE

A germicide is an agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms.

A 62 yr old patient with shingles is seen in the office the physician would classify this disease as

A latent infection

In which case should a MA use a facemask as part of the standard PPE

A patient suspected of having Tuberculosis

In what case should a MA use a face mask as part of the standard PPE

A patient suspected of having tuberculosis

BACTERIAL SPORE

A resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease?

IMMUNITY

ABILITY OF THE BODY TO RESIST SPECIFIC PATHOGENS AND THEIR TOXINS

RESISTANCE

ABILITY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO RESIST OR WITHSTAND AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE

EXCORIATED

ABRASION OF THE EPIDERMIS BY TRAUMA, CHEMICALS, BURNS OR OTHER CAUSES

ARTIFICIA LACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY

ACHIEVED AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES. SEMI-PERMANENT TO PERMANENT

MALARIA

ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES WITHIN THE RED BLOOD CELLS. USUALLY COMES FROM THE BITE OF A FEMAL MOSQUITO

TB

AGENT: BACTERIA ROUTE: INHALATION SYMPTOMS: COUGH, FATIGUE, WEIGHT LOSS

GASTROENTERITIS

AGENT: BACTERIA OR VIRUS ROUTE: INGESTION(FOOD) SYMPTOMS: NAUSEA, DIAREAHA, DEHYDRATION

AIDS

AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: BLOODBORNE, IE: SEXUAL CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FATIGUE, FLU LIKE

HEPATITUS B

AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: BLOODBORNE, SEXUAL CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FLU LIKE

CHICKENPOX

AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FEVER, SKIN RASH

INFLUENZA

AGENT: VIRUS OR BACTERIA ROUTE: INHALATION SYMPTOMS: RESPIRATORY INFECTION, COUGH, FEVER

VIRAL INFECTIONS

ARE treated with a focus on palliative care?

WHEN RECAPPING AN UNUSED NEEDLE

According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed?

A medical assistant is required to wear a mask while takin the patient medical history when

Active tuberculosis

To have a rapid onset of systems and short duration

Acute

What scenario is the only situation in which recapping needle is considered an appropriate procedure

After the medical assistant has withdrawn medication from a vial

When hand washing with antimicrobial soap and water is not available, which method can be used?

Alcohol-based hand rub

On the pH scale, a pH of 8 is considered more acidic or alkaline(basic)?

Alkaline

According to the CDC, standard precautions should be practiced at all times. These practices apply to which of the following?

All of the above. A. Body fluids B. Blood C. Nonintact Skin

TRUE

An antiseptic is an agent that can be used on the skin to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms.

Viral infections

Are treated with a focus on palliative care

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines?

Artificial Active Immunity

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?

Artificially Acquired Passive

MEDICAL ASEPSIS

CLEAN AND FREE OF INFECTION

SANITIZING

CLEANING OR SCRUBBING CONTAMINATED INSTRUMENTS OR FOMITES TO REMOVE TISSUE, DEBRIS, OR OTHER CONTAMINANTS

Cell-mediated immunity

Causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection

CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Causes destruction of the pathogens at the site of infection?

Macrophage action occurs with

Cell-mediated immunity

Diseases that are present over a long period of time/lifetime

Chronic

While a blood specimen is being prepared for lab analysis the container tips over and blood spills on the lab table what is the most appropriate management of the spill

Cover the spill with paper towels pour 10% bleach solution on the towel wait 15 mins wipe up the spill wearing gloves and discard the paper towels in infectious waste container

ACUTE STAGE

DISEASE PROCESSES REACH THEIR PEAK. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OCCURS

PATHOGEN

DISEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISM

PATHOGEN

DISEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS

Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels of health?

Declining

The process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inactive

Disinfection

Which medical asepsis process uses various chemicals that can destroy many pathogenic microorganisms?

Disinfection

INGESTION

EATING OR DRINKING CONTAMINATED ITEMS. EX: FOOD, WATER

who created the small pox vaccine

Edward Jenner

FALSE

Employees must provide their own alternative to latex gloves if they show signs of latex anaphylaxis.

TRUE

Employers must provide employees with HEPATITIS B immunization free of charge within 10 days of the start of employment.

Blunt needles needless systems and resheathing syringes are examples of

Engineering controls

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of OSHA regulations?

Ensuring safety in the workplace.

Which of following best describes a portal of exit?

Excretions and secretions.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

FAMILY OF PROTEINS CAPABLE OF ACTING AS ANTIBODIES THERE BY PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS. ALSO ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY THE CELLS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE SYSTEM

EPIDEMIOLOGY

FIELD OF SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE HISTORY, CAUSE, AND PATTERNS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

A clear liquid diet includes milk, custards, and creamed soups.

False

A food that claims to be sodium free must have no salt in the product.

False

Death rates are significantly higher for patients with BMIs between 19 and 22.

False

Employees must provide their own alternative to latex gloves if they show signs of latex anaphylaxis.

False

Fat has 6 calories per gram.

False

Food sources of fats include avocados and coconut oils.

False

HDLs are the destructive forms of cholesterol that form atherosclerotic plaques on arterial walls.

False

Hands do not have to be washed if the healthcare worker conscientiously uses gloves during all possible times of exposure.

False

Individuals should drink a minimum of six glasses of water a day to maintain optimum health.

False

It is recommended that individuals consume a minimum of three servings of fat a day.

False

Olive and canola oils are examples of saturated fats.

False

Relapse in the disappearance of the clinical symptoms for disease.

False

The American Cancer Society recommends a low-fiber diet.

False

The BMI compares the patients weight with standardized height and weight charts.

False

The main function of carbohydrate is to repair and build tissues.

False

Vegans must eat a combination of completed proteins to meet their nutritional needs.

False

What should be done if the eyes are exposed to potentially infectious bodily fluids

Flush the eyes with warm water as soon as possible

SOAK INSTRUMENT IN A CLOSED CONTAINER

For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do?

ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS

For which of the following is the medical assistant required to wear a mask while taking the patient's medical history?

Which of the following is not an effect of inflammation?

Forming Antigens

What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash

Friction and running warm water

What are the two important factors in performing effective hand washing?

Friction and running warm water

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Gloves, gowns,and goggles are examples of?

Which of the following diseases does not have an available vaccine?

HAV

Which of the following infectious diseases is the greatest health danger to health care workers?

HBV

Which of the following manifests the common symptoms of appetite loss, nausea, headache, fever, and jaundice?

HBV

HBV

HEPATITUS B

FALSE

Hands do not have to be washed if the healthcare worker conscientiously uses gloves during all possible times of exposure.

A susceptible host in the chain of infection is an individual that

Has an immune system that is overwhelmed by the pathogenic exposure

Which of the following types of gloves is recommended for wear when instruments are sanitized?

Heavy-duty rubber

Which of the following viral disease does not have a vaccine available?

Herpes Simplex

What is the name of a microorganism that uses living substances as a food source?

Heterotroph

Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection?

Hospitalized Patients

acute stage is when

I want my mommy phase, feeling your worse

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY ANTIBODIES IN BODY FLUID SUCH AS PLASMA AND LYMPH

AMOEBIC DYSENTERY

INFECTIOUS INTENSTINAL DISEASE CAUSED BY AMOEBAS AND CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE COLON

SCABIES

INFECTIOUS SKIN DISEASE CAUSED BY THE ITCH MITE, WHICH IS TRANSMITTED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH INFECTED PERSONS

TRICHOMONIASIS

INFESTATION WITH A TRICHOMONAS PARASITE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE

INHALATION

INHALING MICROORGANISM INTO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PRODROMAL STAGE

INITIAL STAGE OF A DISEASE. CHARACTERIZED BY COMMON, GENERAL COMPLAINTS OF ILLNESS, SUCH AS MALAISE AND FEVER

THE GREATEST NATURAL BARRIER

INTACT SKIN

Which of the following best describes a susceptible host?

Immunosuppressants and the elderly.

What do viruses do when they enter the body's cells

Incorporate into the cells reproductive material

Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform what functions

Increase blood flow to the site and increase the permeability of blood vessel walls

Which of the following links in the chain of infection would be broken by cleansing and sterilization?

Infectious Agent

a. ) INCREASE BLOOD FLOW TO THE SITE b.) INCREASE THE PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD VESSEL WALLS BOTH A and B

Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform which of the following functions?

Errors in disinfection can occur if

Instruments are not properly sanitized first and the disinfectant solution is diluted

A spore

Is a resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease

Who discovered the first vaccine?

Jenner

What is the recommended method for disposing of needles in a puncture-proof container

Keeping the needle intact

Which of the following i the recommended method for disposing of needles in a puncture proof container

Keeping the needle intact.

Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection

Latent infections

The key to reducing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is to

Limit the use of antibiotics to one that is specific to the pathogen

Which of the following stimulates the body's own antibody production?

Live Attenuated Pathogen

In any of the acute viral hepatitis diseases, which organ is infected?

Liver

BLOODBORNE

MEANS OF TRANSMISSION OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE VIA HUMAN BLOOD

MMR

MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA

PALLIATIVE

MEASURES TAKEN TO RELIEVE SYMPTOMS OF A DISEASE

HIB

MENANGITIS

INFECTION CONTROL

METHODS TO ELIMINATE OR REDUCE THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS MICROORGAINISMS

BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN

MICROORGANISM CAPABLE OF CAUSING DISEASE IN THE BLOOD OR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

MICROORGANISMS

MICROSCOPIC LIVING CREATURE CAPABLE OF TRANSMISSION AND REPRODUCTION IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES

Which is not a health screening.

MRI

Which of the following is considered an antibiotic resistant bacteria? (MMR, meningitis, pneuomococcal, or MRSA)

MRSA

Removal of disease-causing organisms or destruction of the organism after they leave the body

Medical asepsis

Before disposing of a contaminated needle into a sharps container the MA should

None of the above

NATURALLY CONGENIAL ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY

OCCURS WHEN ANTIBODIES PASS TO FETUS FROM THE MOTHER. TEMPORARY IMMUNITY

WASH HANDS THOROUGHLY EACH TIME A SYMPTOMATIC CHILD IS CONTACTED

On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection, what would the most effective method for controlling the spread of conjuctivitis in a daycare?

INFECTIOUS AGENTS

PATHOGEN RESPONSIBLE FOR A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE

VACCINE

PHARMACOLOGIC AGENT CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY

IPV

POLIO

Gloves, gowns and goggles are examples of

PPE (personal protective equipment)

Which of the following classification of vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria?

Pathogenic Toxins

Build a medical term meaning "the study of disease"

Pathology

A 6 yr old patient with pink eye (conjunctivitis) is examined in the office what is the best method of preventing the spread of the infection

Perform careful and repeated hand washing and sanitization

a 6 y/o with conjunctivitis is examined in the office. What is the best method of preventing the spread of the infection

Perform careful and repeated hand washing or sanitization.

Glove gowns and googles are examples of

Personal protective equipment

What procedure is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport

Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection

Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport

Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection

Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport?

Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection?

One of the goals of performing frequent hand washing is to

Prevent transient bacteria from becoming resident

The immune system response that is identified as humoral immunity is

Production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body

CONVALESCENT STAGE

RECOVERY AND RECUPERATION FROM THE EFFECTS OF A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE. PATIENT REGAINS STRENGTH AND STAMINA

CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

REGULATORY ACTIVITIES OF T CELLS DURING THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE.

NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY

RESULTS FROM CONTRACTING AN INFECTIOUS AGENT AND EXPERIENCING AN ACUTE OR SUBCLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE. IMMUNITY IS USUALLY PERMANENT

LATENT INFECTIONS

Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection?

FALSE

Relapse is the disappearance of the clinical symptoms of disease.

The most important step in achieving hand asepsis is

Removing jewelry

THOROUGHLY WASH THE NEEDLESTICK SITE

Rosa was assisting with pediatric immunizations when she received an accidental needlestick. What is the first thing Rosa do?

CONTAMINATED

SOMETHING THAT IS UNCLEAN OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE A STERILE AREA BEING MADE UNSTERILE OR EXPOSING A CLEAN AREA TO A PATHOGENIC SUBSTANCE

IMMUNOGLOBULINS

SPECIALIZED ANTIBODIES THAT CAN RENDER A PATHOGEN UNABLE TO REPRODUCE OR CONTINUE TO GROW

ANTIBODY

SPECIFIC CHEMICAL PRODUCED BY B CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN

TRANSMISSION

SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE BY DIRECT CONTACT, INDIRECT CONTACT, INHALATION, INGESTION, OR BLOODBORNE CONTACT

ANTIGEN

SUBSTANCE SUCH AS BACTERIA OR OTHER AGENTS THAT THE BODY RECOGNIZES AS FOREIGN; THE STIMULUS FOR ANTIBODY PRODUCTION

FOMITES

SUBSTANCE THAT ABSORBS AND TRANSMITS INFECTIOUS MATERIAL. EX; EQUIPMENT, TABLES, COUNTERS

DECLINING STAGE

SYMPTOMS BEGIN TO SUBSIDE OR GO AWAY

Process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments

Sanitation

The processed used to wash and remove blood and tissue from a medical instruments is called

Sanitization

Office staff are responsible for maintaining asepsis in all the exam rooms and the patient waiting room what steps should be taken to make sure the areas are aseptic

Sanitize all surfaces in the patients bathroom and disinfect toys in the waiting room

Office staff are responsible for maintaining asepsis in all the exam rooms and the patient waiting room. What steps should be taken

Sanitize all surfaces in the pts. bathroom and disinfect toys in the waiting room.

On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection what would be the most effective method of controlling the spread of conjunctivitis in a day care center

Sanitizing hands thoroughly after each contact with a symptomatic child

Which of the following is not considered standard personal protective equipment?

Shoe Cover

For disinfection to be effective what must the medical assistant do

Soak instruments in a closed container

For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do?

Soak instruments in a closed container

Which is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's exposure control plan required by OSHA

Specific steps for providing effective patient treatment

Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all healthcare professionals?

Standard Precautions

Destruction of all microorganisms

Sterilization

The method that completely destroys microorganisms

Sterilization

The method that completely destroys microorganisms is

Sterilization

Destruction of organisms before they enter the body

Surgical asepsis

Which of the following links in the chain of infection is the sixth link?

Susceptible Host

DTAP

TETANUS

INFLAMMATION

THE BODY'S NATURAL WAY OF RESPONDING WHEN INVADED BY A PATHOGEN

STERILIZATION

THE ELIMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS TO ACHIEVE ASEPSIS.

INCUBATION STAGE

THE INTERVAL OF TIME BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO A PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM AND THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE

DIRECT CONTACT

TOUCHING OF EXUDATE(DRAINAGE) FROM A PERSON WITH AN INFECTED WOUND

URINE

The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood?

STERILIZATION

The method that completely destroys microorganisms is?

WASHING HANDS

The most important step in achieving asepsis is?

SANITIZATION

The process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments is called?

A germicide is an agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms.

True

A mechanical soft diet is typically used after oral surgery.

True

Adipose tissue is stored as excess carbohydrate calories.

True

An antiseptic is an agent that can be used on the skin to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

True

Complex carbohydrates include fruit and milk products.

True

Dietary fiber is the portion of the plant that con not be digested.

True

Employees most provide employers with hepatitis B immunization free of charge within 10 days of the start of employment.

True

Experts recommend an LDL level of less than 100 mg/dl.

True

Food labels must include the total amount of fat in the food and also the percentage of saturated fat in the product.

True

Low-fiber diets are recommended for patients with diverticulosis.

True

Obesity affects more than 50% of Americans.

True

The glycemic index rates foods on how quickly they affect blood glucose levels.

True

The grain group of foods is the largest section of the Food Guide Pyramid.

True

The number of calories and the fat content in a serving size of a particular food are important criteria for patients to understand.

True

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant during a medical aseptic hand wash?

Turn off faucet with dry paper towel.

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when removing contaminated gloves?

Turn them inside out one over the other.

DISINFECTION

USE OF CHEMICALS OR BOILING WATER TO FREE AN ITEM FROM INFECTIOUS MATERIALS BUT NOT ITS SPORES

The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood

Urine

The CDC does not recommend the Standard Precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid doesn't contain visible blood

Urine

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when sanitizing instruments?

Use Heavy Gloves

The safest method to achieve adequate sanitization is too

Use an ultrasonic sanitizer bath

Rosa is responsible for training a new employee in medical aseptic hand washing what would rosa emphasize

Using an adequate amount of soap and rubbing in a circular motion around all fingers

What kind of infection is treated with a focus on palliative care

Viral infections

cellular barrier example

WBC

What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument

Wear latex gloves when cleaning sharp instruments

INCORPORATE INTO THE CELLS REPRODUCTIVE MATERIAL

What action do viruses take when they enter the body's cells?

FRICTION AND RUNNING WARM WATER

What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash?

WEAR LATEX GLOVES WHEN CLEANING SHARP INSTRUMENTS

What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument?

According to OSHA regulations under which circumstances is recapping needles allowed

When recapping an unused needle

According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed

When recapping an unused needle

SPECIFIC STEPS FOR PROVIDING EFFECTIVE PATIENT TREATMENT

Which of the following is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's exposure control plan required by OSHA?

KEEPING THE NEEDLE INTACT

Which of the following is the recommended method for disposal of needles in a puncture proof container?

PLACING THE MATERIALS IN A LEAKPROOF CONTAINER DURING COLLECTION

Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport?

AFTER WITHDRAWING MEDICATION FROM VIAL

Which of the following scenarios is the only situation in which recapping a needle is considered an appropriate procedure?

COVER THE SPILL WITH PAPER TOWELS, POUR 10% BLEACH SOLUTION ON THE TOWELS, WAIT 15 MINS. WIPE UP THE SPILL WHILE WEARING GLOVES AND DISCARD THE PAPER TOWELS IN AN INFECTIOUS WASTE CONTAINER

While a blood specimen is being prepared for laboratory analysis, the container tips over and blood spills on the laboratory table. the most appropriate management of the spill?

prodromal stage is when

a feeling of malaise

The physician classifies a 62 y/o pt with shingles as

a latent infection

for microorganisms to survive and thrive what must be available to them

a suitable environment

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?

acquired active immunity

form of; the immunity that results from contracting an infectious agent and experiencing either an acute or a subclinical infectious disease is call

active natural

influenza symtoms

acute upper/lower respiratory infection, severe cough, fever, malaise, sore throat, coryza

What is the name given to a microorganism that can exist only in the presence of oxygen? (aerobe, anaerobe, heterotroph, or oxygenophile)

aerobe

Which of the following scenarios is the only situation in which recapping a needle is considered an appropriate procedure.

after withdrawing medication from a vial

According to the CDC, standard precautions should be practiced at all times. These practices apply to which of the following? (body fluids, blood, nonintact skin, or all of the above)

all of the above

Which of the follwing best describes recommended methods of achieving all of the goals of infection control?

all of the above

Which of the following is unacceptable for wrapping packages for autoclaving?

aluminum foil

infectious intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon

amebic dysentry

Which eating disorder is characterized by self-starvation.

anorexia nervosa

cell-mediated immunity does not create

antibodies

response to an antigen

antibody

A(n) _____ is a foreign substance that results in the production of a specific antibody.

antigen

foriegn substance

antigen

portal of entry

any opening of body including broken skin

Viral infections.

are treated with a focus on palliative care

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines?

artificial active immunity

Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines? (artificial active immunity, acquired active immunity, passive immunity, or congenital passive immunity)

artificial active immunity

form of; the immunity achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies, such as gamma-globulin is called

artificial passive

form of; the immunity that follows the administration of vaccines is called

artificial, active

Which of the following is the phase in the immune response in which antibodies are formed?

attacking infection

identified by characteristic shapes

bacteria

another goal of infection control is to create

barriers against transmission

any microorganism capable of causing disease found in blood or components of blood

bloodborne pathogen

Which eating disorder involves bingeing and purging.

bulimia

pathogens are microorganisms that

can cause infectious disease

________ is a yeast-like fungus that typically affects the vaginal and oral mucosa.

candidiasis

Which of the following best defines pathogen?

cause disease

Which of the following best defines pathogen? (normal flora, necessary for plant survival, help cure disease, or cause infectious disease)

cause infectious disease

Cell mediate immunity

causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection

Cell-mediated immunity.

causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection

all pathogens are capable of _______ ________ but not all ______ ________

causing disease, cause disease

form of; immune response that involves T cells and B cells to attack viruses, fungi, organ transplants or cancer cells

cell-mediated

standard precautions are issued by

centers for disease control and prevention

disinfection is the use of _____________ on inanimate objects

chemicals

Vitamin C can be found in.

citrus

Which of the following workplace hazzard exposures does OSHA not regulate?

clean work surfaces

sanitization is

cleaning with soap and water

Which of the following best sterilizes equipment that is delicate or sensitive to heat?

cold sterilization

While a blood specimen is being prepared for laboratory analysis, the container tips over and blood spills on the laboratory table. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of the spill.

cover the spill with paper towels, pour 10% bleach solution on the towels, wait 15 minutes, wipe up the spill while wearing gloves, and discard the paper towels in an infectious waste container

humoral immunity does

create antibodies

Calcium and vitamin D can be found in.

dairy products

Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels?

declining

Which of the following chemical agents cleans but does not sterilize?

disinfectant

the use of chemicals or the autoclave to destroy all microbes, including their spores is called

disinfection

use of chemicals or boiling water

disinfection

what type of water must be used in autoclave or steam and why

distilled to prevent mineral build up

All of the following are desirable characteristics of safety devices except what? (jet injection, does not work passively, easy to use, or can't be deactivated)

does not work passively

Which of the following is a violation of the OSHA standard? (refusing to get the Hepatitis B vaccination, eating in the office lab, storing the Exposure Control Plan on the computer, recapping a needle after withdrawing medication from a vial, or all of the above)

eating in the office lab

Blunt needles, needleless systems, and resheathing syringes are examples of.

engineering controls

Blunt needles, needless systems and re sheathing syringes are examples of

engineering controls

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of OSHA regulations?

ensuring safety in the workplace

Edward Jenner is accredited with what

eradicated small pox worldwide

Which of the following best describes a portal of exit?

excretions and secretions

incubation period is when

exposed to

physical barrier example

eyelashes, mucos

Which nutrient has 9 kcal/g.

fat

epidemiology

field of science that studies the history, cause and patterns of infectious diseases

substances that absorb and transmit infectious material, that is, contaminated items such as equipment

fomites

pathogens require what to grow

food, warmth, moisture, darkness neutral pH, and oxygen or lack of oxygen

Which of the following is not an effect of inflammation?

forming antigens

What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash.

friction and running warm water

causes athlete's foot and ringworm

fungi

4 methods of sterilization are

gas, dry heat, chemical and steam

Which of the following is not considered standard personal protective equipment?

gown

A susceptible host in the chain of infection is an individual that

has an immune system that is overwhelmed by the pathogenic exposure

Which health condition is related to stress.

headaches, hypertension, and diarrhea

Which of the following types of gloves is recommended for wear when instruments are washed by hand?

heavy-duty rubber

Which of the following instruments are kept open during sterilization?

hemostats

Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection? (children, women, hospitalized patients, or people in a social setting)

hospitalized patients

form of; immune response that produces antibodies to kill pathogens and recognize them in the future is call

humoral

medical asepsis includes ___________

hygiene

describe bacteria

identified by shape, round, rod or spiral

pathogen resistance

immunity

protein antibiodis produced by the cells of the immune system

immunoglobulins

specialized antibodies that can render a pathogen unable to reproduce or continue to grow are called

immunoglobulins

Which of the following best describes a susceptible host?

immunosuppressants and the elderly

What action do viruses take when enter the body's cell.

incorporate into the cells reproductive material

Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform which of the following functions.

increase blood flow to the site and increased the permeability of blood vessel walls

susceptibility to an infectious microorganism depends on general physical conditon, duration of exposure to the pathogen, and number and specific types of pathogen but does not depend on

indirect contact

golden rule you can have inflammation without _______

infection

Which of the following links in the chain of infection would be broken by having unprotected sex?

infectious agent

a pathogen responsible for a specific infectious disease

infectious agent

one goal of infection control is to limit the presence of ___________________

infectious agents

ID

infectious disease

the body's natural way of responding when invaded by a pathogen is

inflammation

Errors in disinfection can occur if

instruments are not properly sanitized firs and the disinfectant solution is diluted.

the greatest natural barrier is

intact skin

septicemia

invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the bloodstream

A bacterial spore.

is a resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease

describe rickettsiae

it is larger than a virus, but like them other then that, some antiboidics do work

itb portal of exit

itb control of excretions and secretions, trash and waste disposal

itb reservoir

itb environmental sanitation

itb rapid, accurate identification of organisms

itb infectious agent

itb mode of tranmission

itb isolation and food handling and airflow control

itb standard precautions

itb mode of transmission

itb handwashing

itb portal of exit

itb aseptic technique

itb reservoir or source

itb recognition of hig-risk patients

itb susceptible host

itb susceptible hose

itb treatment of underlying disease

hepatitis B symptoms

jaundice, liver tenderness and enlargement, fever, headache, fatigue, malaise and anorexia

Which of the following best describes how to inhibit bacterial growth?

keep surfaces dry

Which of the following is the recommended method for disposal of needles in a puncture-proof container.

keeping the needle intact

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the assistant with handling used blood containers?

label with orange red biohazard labels

Which of the following major carbohydrates is found in milk.

lactose

A persistent infection that cycle through relapse and remission phases

latent

Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection.

latent infections

medical asepsis is decribed as the use of mechanisms to destroy pathogens after they

leave the body

Which of the following is the most commonly administered class of vaccines?

live attenuated pathogen

In any of the acute viral hepatitis diseases, which organ is affected? (liver, kidney, heart, or gallbladder)

liver

rickettsiae example

lymes or Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever

infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite within red blood cells; transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes

malaria

MSDS

material data safety sheet

Protein can be found in.

meats and nuts

Practices such as hand washing, general cleaning, and disinfectant are all part of which of the following? (surgical asepsis, OSHA compliance, medical asepsis, or infection control)

medical asepsis

What is the term used to describe practices that help to keep an object or area clean and free from infection? (medical asepsis, surgical asepsis, sterilization, or disinfection)

medical asepsis

______________ involves specific techniques used inthe amublatory setting that are designed to destroy pathogens after they leave the body and to decrease the risk of spreading

medical asepsis

disinfection gets rid of all surface _____, but not their spores

microbes

normal flora

microorganisms that do not cause disease/illness

live vaccines are

mmr and chicken pox

Which of the following links in the chain of infection would wearing gloves effectively break?

mode of transmission

Which of the following links in the chain of infection would wearing gloves most effectively break? (portal of exit, portal of entry, infectious host, mode of transmission, or susceptible host)

mode of transmission

Fungal infections are also called _______ infections.

mycotic

gastroenteritis symptoms

nausea, intestinal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, respiratory failure, death

describe virus

need single living cell, intracellular parasites, antibiodics don't work, and we have one vaccine

normal flora aka

non pathogens

morbidity

number of cases of disease in a specific population

the word pathogen means

only those microorganisms that cause disease

AIDS symptoms

opportunistic infections, lympadenopathy, fatigue, malaise, fever

A(n) _______ agent is a medication that relieves patient symptoms but does not cure a disease.

palliative

a pharmacologic treatment agent for a viral infection is an example of an agent that relieves only symptoms of the disease

palliative

microorganisms must be of what types if a pathogen

parasite, bacteria, virus, fungus, ricketts

examples are protozoa and metazoa

parasites

form of; the short-term immunity provided to a newborn that occurs when antibodies pass to a fetus from the mother is called

passive natural

What is the term used to describe a microorganism that produces disease? (virus, pathogen, bacteria, or infection)

pathogen

any disease-producing microorganism

pathogen

name 2 groups of microorganisms

pathogen and non-pathogen

infectious agent

pathogen responsible for a specific infectious disease

Which of the following classification of vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria? (artificial pathogens, pathogenic toxins, killed pathogens, or live attenuated pathogen)

pathogenic toxins

Which of the following include tetanus and diphtheria?

pathogenic toxins

name some reservoirs

people, animals, equipment, food, water

How to prevent transient bacteria from becoming resident bacteria

perform frequent hand washing

Gloves, gowns, and goggles are examples of.

personal protective equipment

Which of the following procedures is appropriate blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport.

placing the materials in a leak proof container during collection

vaccine that is killed pathogen

polio, rabies

Which of the following is the step in the chain of infection when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host?

portal of exit

Which of the following is the step in the chain of infection when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host? (portal of exit, portal of entry, mode of transmission, infectious agent, or susceptible host)

portal of exit

Build a medical term that means "pertaining to after birth"

postnatal

Which of the following stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever?

prodromal

Which of the following stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever? (prodromal, incubation, declining, acute, or convalescent)

prodromal

the stage in infectiouis disease in which symptoms are vague and undifferentiated is called the

prodromal stage

Define the meaning of the suffix -gen

producing

The immune system response that is identified as humoral immunity is

production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body

tuberculosis symptoms

productive cough, fatigue, fever, weight loss (older adults behavior changes, anorexia, weight loss) night sweats

Beta-carotene can be found in.

raw vegetables

Fiber can be found in.

raw vegetables

A patient scheduled to undergo stool collection for occult blood should be instructed to avoid intake of which of the following.

red meat

A patient with high cholesterol should be instructed to avoid intake of which of the following.

red meat

standard precautions might best be described as a set of rules to

reduce the risk of transmission

The purpose of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to: (improve the quality of lab testing in the US, protect public health and the environment outside of the workplace, reduce the risk to employees of exposure to infectious diseases, or prevent exposure of employees to bloodborne pathogens)

reduce the risk to employees of exposure to infectious diseases

the bloodborne pathogen standard is primarily concerned with

reducing the transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV infections

The most important step in achieving hand asepsis is.

removing jewelry

in the chain of infection the location of the infectious agent is known as the

reservoir

withstand an infectious disease

resistance

Which of the following are examples of a reservoir in the chain of infection?

respiratory tract and broken skin

For which of the following is a medical assistant required to wear a mask while taking the patient's medical history.

rheumatic fever

Which of the following would include typhus, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

rickettsiae

intacellular parasites that are larger that viruses

rickettsiae

another goal of infection control is to decrease the

risk to others for contracting infectious diseases

declining stage is when

s/s reduced

The process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments is called.

sanitization

before instruments or other fomites are disinfected or sterilized, they must be scrubbed or cleaned in a process called

sanitization

infectious skin disease caused by the itch mite which is transmitted by direct contract with infected person

scabies

microorganisms

seen only with a microscope

What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument.

separate sharp and blunt instruments

SARS

severe acute respiratory sundrome

natural barrier example

skin

List 3 protective mechanisms the body provides to prevent the invasion of pathogens.

skin, mucous membranes, cilia

For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do.

soak instrument in a closed container

Which of the following is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's Exposure Control Plan by OSHA.

specific steps for providing effective patient treatment

the difference between sterilizing and disinfecting is that sterilization gets rid of all microbes and their ____

spores

Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals?

standard precautions

Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals? (universal precautions, body substance isolation, standard precautions, or transmission precautions)

standard precautions

what method of sterilization is used most often

steam

an autoclave uses what method

steam sterilization

skin can never be

sterile

The method that completely destroys microorganisms is.

sterilization

bacteria example

strep

fomite

substance that absorbs and transmits infectious material

chickenpox symtoms

sudden onset, fever, malaise, maculo-papular-vesicular skin rash

What is the name given to a person who cannot fight off a pathogen that has entered his or her body? (reservoir host, resistant host, susceptible host, or contagious)

susceptible host

Which of the following links in the chain of infection would using sterile technique effectively break?

suspectible host

Golden rule; you can never have infection without _____

swelling

parasites example

tape worm

All of the following are considered other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs) EXCEPT: (semen, tears and sweat, vaginal secretions, or any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood)

tears and sweat

chemical barrier example

tears, sweat

vaccine that is pathogenic toxin

tetanus

mortality

the ratio of the number of deaths to a given population

The optimal growth temperature is: (98.6 degrees F or body temp, the temp at which a microorganism grows best, room temp, or the temp that kills pathogens)

the temp at which a microorganism grows best

describe parasites

they live on or in their host, they can be single celled or multi cellular

Rosa was assisting with pediatric immunization when she received an accidental needlestick. What is the first thing Rosa should do.

thoroughly wash the needlestick site

Which of the following would not break the chain of infection? (hand washing, sanitation, disinfection, or throwing needles in the garbage)

throwing needles in the garbage

________ are surface bacteria that are introduced by contaminated objects or by exposure to microorganisms that can be destroyed if managed properly.

transient bacteria

most of the breaks in ambulatory care occur in the _________ phase

transmission

infestation with a parasite, which may be transmitted through sexual intercourse

trichomoniasis

The level of patient dehydration can be determined with a simple skin ______ test that involves grasping the skin on the posterior surface of the hand between the fingers and releasing it.

turgor

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant during a medical aseptic hand wash?

turn off faucet with dry paper towel

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when removing contaminated gloves?

turn them out one over the other

The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood.

urine

________ is a skin eruption that results in hives.

urticaria

Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when sanitizing instruments?

use heavy gloves

man-made agent

vaccine

A(n)________ is an insect or tick that transmits the causative organisms of a disease.

vector

Which of the following is the most appropriate next step after an autoclave load has finished the timing cycle?

vent the steam chamber and allow contents to dry completely

A patient with symptoms of ______ feels dizzy and has difficulty with normal balance.

vertigo

Which of the following would include typhus, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever? (bacteria, parasites, virus, rickettsiae, or fungi)

virus

live inside cells in order to multiply

virus

Which is not a fat soluble.

vitamin C

Which is not an antioxidant.

vitamin K

the single most important action you can take to avoid acquiring communicable diseases is to

wash hands frequently

On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection, what would be the most effective method for controlling the spread of conjunctivitis in a daycare center.

wash hands thoroughly each time a symptomatic child is contacted

to sanitize something literally means to

wash it well

What is the FIRST thing you should do if a cut on your bare hand accidentally comes in contact with a patient's blood? (apply gloves, obtain a Hepatitis B vaccination, report the incident to the physician, or wash your hands with soap and water)

wash your hands with soap and water

According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed.

when recapping an unused needle

fungus example

yeast, mushrooms and molds

convalescent stage is when

you are 100% better