Chapter 22 Infection Control & Medical Asepsis
What are the steps in the inflammatory process in physiologic order from first to last?
1. dilation of blood vessels increases blood supply 2. blood flow causes redness or heat 3. plasma moves into tissue, causing swelling 4. there is pain due to nerve damage 5. white cells move into injured tissue 6. pathogens are destroyed
The order of occurrence of the links in the chain of infection are?
1. infectious agent 2. reservoir host 3. portal of exit 4. means of transmission 5. portal of entry 6. suspectible host
How long do you wash hands for
15 seconds minimum with antimicrobial soap and warm running water
Obesity is defined as more than ___ % above the recommended body weight.
20
how long do you leave in steam if unwrapped
20 minutes
steam sterilization needs temp increased to what
250 - 254 °
Which of the following best describes the order of occurrence of the links in the chain of infection?
3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 1 1. Susceptible Host 2. Portal of Exit 3. Infectious Agent 4. Reservoir Host 5. Means of Transmission 6. Portal of Entry
how long do you leave in steam if loosely wrapped
30 min
how long do you leave in steam if tightly packaged
40 minutes
TRUE
A germicide is an agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms.
A 62 yr old patient with shingles is seen in the office the physician would classify this disease as
A latent infection
In which case should a MA use a facemask as part of the standard PPE
A patient suspected of having Tuberculosis
In what case should a MA use a face mask as part of the standard PPE
A patient suspected of having tuberculosis
BACTERIAL SPORE
A resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease?
IMMUNITY
ABILITY OF THE BODY TO RESIST SPECIFIC PATHOGENS AND THEIR TOXINS
RESISTANCE
ABILITY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO RESIST OR WITHSTAND AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE
EXCORIATED
ABRASION OF THE EPIDERMIS BY TRAUMA, CHEMICALS, BURNS OR OTHER CAUSES
ARTIFICIA LACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY
ACHIEVED AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES. SEMI-PERMANENT TO PERMANENT
MALARIA
ACUTE INFECTIOUS DISEASE CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF PROTOZOAN PARASITES WITHIN THE RED BLOOD CELLS. USUALLY COMES FROM THE BITE OF A FEMAL MOSQUITO
TB
AGENT: BACTERIA ROUTE: INHALATION SYMPTOMS: COUGH, FATIGUE, WEIGHT LOSS
GASTROENTERITIS
AGENT: BACTERIA OR VIRUS ROUTE: INGESTION(FOOD) SYMPTOMS: NAUSEA, DIAREAHA, DEHYDRATION
AIDS
AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: BLOODBORNE, IE: SEXUAL CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FATIGUE, FLU LIKE
HEPATITUS B
AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: BLOODBORNE, SEXUAL CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FLU LIKE
CHICKENPOX
AGENT: VIRUS ROUTE: DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT SYMPTOMS: FEVER, SKIN RASH
INFLUENZA
AGENT: VIRUS OR BACTERIA ROUTE: INHALATION SYMPTOMS: RESPIRATORY INFECTION, COUGH, FEVER
VIRAL INFECTIONS
ARE treated with a focus on palliative care?
WHEN RECAPPING AN UNUSED NEEDLE
According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed?
A medical assistant is required to wear a mask while takin the patient medical history when
Active tuberculosis
To have a rapid onset of systems and short duration
Acute
What scenario is the only situation in which recapping needle is considered an appropriate procedure
After the medical assistant has withdrawn medication from a vial
When hand washing with antimicrobial soap and water is not available, which method can be used?
Alcohol-based hand rub
On the pH scale, a pH of 8 is considered more acidic or alkaline(basic)?
Alkaline
According to the CDC, standard precautions should be practiced at all times. These practices apply to which of the following?
All of the above. A. Body fluids B. Blood C. Nonintact Skin
TRUE
An antiseptic is an agent that can be used on the skin to inhibit the growth of the microorganisms.
Viral infections
Are treated with a focus on palliative care
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines?
Artificial Active Immunity
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?
Artificially Acquired Passive
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
CLEAN AND FREE OF INFECTION
SANITIZING
CLEANING OR SCRUBBING CONTAMINATED INSTRUMENTS OR FOMITES TO REMOVE TISSUE, DEBRIS, OR OTHER CONTAMINANTS
Cell-mediated immunity
Causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection
CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Causes destruction of the pathogens at the site of infection?
Macrophage action occurs with
Cell-mediated immunity
Diseases that are present over a long period of time/lifetime
Chronic
While a blood specimen is being prepared for lab analysis the container tips over and blood spills on the lab table what is the most appropriate management of the spill
Cover the spill with paper towels pour 10% bleach solution on the towel wait 15 mins wipe up the spill wearing gloves and discard the paper towels in infectious waste container
ACUTE STAGE
DISEASE PROCESSES REACH THEIR PEAK. INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OCCURS
PATHOGEN
DISEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISM
PATHOGEN
DISEASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS
Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels of health?
Declining
The process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inactive
Disinfection
Which medical asepsis process uses various chemicals that can destroy many pathogenic microorganisms?
Disinfection
INGESTION
EATING OR DRINKING CONTAMINATED ITEMS. EX: FOOD, WATER
who created the small pox vaccine
Edward Jenner
FALSE
Employees must provide their own alternative to latex gloves if they show signs of latex anaphylaxis.
TRUE
Employers must provide employees with HEPATITIS B immunization free of charge within 10 days of the start of employment.
Blunt needles needless systems and resheathing syringes are examples of
Engineering controls
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of OSHA regulations?
Ensuring safety in the workplace.
Which of following best describes a portal of exit?
Excretions and secretions.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
FAMILY OF PROTEINS CAPABLE OF ACTING AS ANTIBODIES THERE BY PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS. ALSO ANTIBODIES PRODUCED BY THE CELLS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE SYSTEM
EPIDEMIOLOGY
FIELD OF SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE HISTORY, CAUSE, AND PATTERNS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
A clear liquid diet includes milk, custards, and creamed soups.
False
A food that claims to be sodium free must have no salt in the product.
False
Death rates are significantly higher for patients with BMIs between 19 and 22.
False
Employees must provide their own alternative to latex gloves if they show signs of latex anaphylaxis.
False
Fat has 6 calories per gram.
False
Food sources of fats include avocados and coconut oils.
False
HDLs are the destructive forms of cholesterol that form atherosclerotic plaques on arterial walls.
False
Hands do not have to be washed if the healthcare worker conscientiously uses gloves during all possible times of exposure.
False
Individuals should drink a minimum of six glasses of water a day to maintain optimum health.
False
It is recommended that individuals consume a minimum of three servings of fat a day.
False
Olive and canola oils are examples of saturated fats.
False
Relapse in the disappearance of the clinical symptoms for disease.
False
The American Cancer Society recommends a low-fiber diet.
False
The BMI compares the patients weight with standardized height and weight charts.
False
The main function of carbohydrate is to repair and build tissues.
False
Vegans must eat a combination of completed proteins to meet their nutritional needs.
False
What should be done if the eyes are exposed to potentially infectious bodily fluids
Flush the eyes with warm water as soon as possible
SOAK INSTRUMENT IN A CLOSED CONTAINER
For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do?
ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS
For which of the following is the medical assistant required to wear a mask while taking the patient's medical history?
Which of the following is not an effect of inflammation?
Forming Antigens
What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash
Friction and running warm water
What are the two important factors in performing effective hand washing?
Friction and running warm water
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Gloves, gowns,and goggles are examples of?
Which of the following diseases does not have an available vaccine?
HAV
Which of the following infectious diseases is the greatest health danger to health care workers?
HBV
Which of the following manifests the common symptoms of appetite loss, nausea, headache, fever, and jaundice?
HBV
HBV
HEPATITUS B
FALSE
Hands do not have to be washed if the healthcare worker conscientiously uses gloves during all possible times of exposure.
A susceptible host in the chain of infection is an individual that
Has an immune system that is overwhelmed by the pathogenic exposure
Which of the following types of gloves is recommended for wear when instruments are sanitized?
Heavy-duty rubber
Which of the following viral disease does not have a vaccine available?
Herpes Simplex
What is the name of a microorganism that uses living substances as a food source?
Heterotroph
Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection?
Hospitalized Patients
acute stage is when
I want my mommy phase, feeling your worse
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
IMMUNITY MEDIATED BY ANTIBODIES IN BODY FLUID SUCH AS PLASMA AND LYMPH
AMOEBIC DYSENTERY
INFECTIOUS INTENSTINAL DISEASE CAUSED BY AMOEBAS AND CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE COLON
SCABIES
INFECTIOUS SKIN DISEASE CAUSED BY THE ITCH MITE, WHICH IS TRANSMITTED BY DIRECT CONTACT WITH INFECTED PERSONS
TRICHOMONIASIS
INFESTATION WITH A TRICHOMONAS PARASITE WHICH MAY BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
INHALATION
INHALING MICROORGANISM INTO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
PRODROMAL STAGE
INITIAL STAGE OF A DISEASE. CHARACTERIZED BY COMMON, GENERAL COMPLAINTS OF ILLNESS, SUCH AS MALAISE AND FEVER
THE GREATEST NATURAL BARRIER
INTACT SKIN
Which of the following best describes a susceptible host?
Immunosuppressants and the elderly.
What do viruses do when they enter the body's cells
Incorporate into the cells reproductive material
Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform what functions
Increase blood flow to the site and increase the permeability of blood vessel walls
Which of the following links in the chain of infection would be broken by cleansing and sterilization?
Infectious Agent
a. ) INCREASE BLOOD FLOW TO THE SITE b.) INCREASE THE PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD VESSEL WALLS BOTH A and B
Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform which of the following functions?
Errors in disinfection can occur if
Instruments are not properly sanitized first and the disinfectant solution is diluted
A spore
Is a resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease
Who discovered the first vaccine?
Jenner
What is the recommended method for disposing of needles in a puncture-proof container
Keeping the needle intact
Which of the following i the recommended method for disposing of needles in a puncture proof container
Keeping the needle intact.
Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection
Latent infections
The key to reducing the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is to
Limit the use of antibiotics to one that is specific to the pathogen
Which of the following stimulates the body's own antibody production?
Live Attenuated Pathogen
In any of the acute viral hepatitis diseases, which organ is infected?
Liver
BLOODBORNE
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE VIA HUMAN BLOOD
MMR
MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA
PALLIATIVE
MEASURES TAKEN TO RELIEVE SYMPTOMS OF A DISEASE
HIB
MENANGITIS
INFECTION CONTROL
METHODS TO ELIMINATE OR REDUCE THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS MICROORGAINISMS
BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN
MICROORGANISM CAPABLE OF CAUSING DISEASE IN THE BLOOD OR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
MICROORGANISMS
MICROSCOPIC LIVING CREATURE CAPABLE OF TRANSMISSION AND REPRODUCTION IN SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES
Which is not a health screening.
MRI
Which of the following is considered an antibiotic resistant bacteria? (MMR, meningitis, pneuomococcal, or MRSA)
MRSA
Removal of disease-causing organisms or destruction of the organism after they leave the body
Medical asepsis
Before disposing of a contaminated needle into a sharps container the MA should
None of the above
NATURALLY CONGENIAL ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY
OCCURS WHEN ANTIBODIES PASS TO FETUS FROM THE MOTHER. TEMPORARY IMMUNITY
WASH HANDS THOROUGHLY EACH TIME A SYMPTOMATIC CHILD IS CONTACTED
On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection, what would the most effective method for controlling the spread of conjuctivitis in a daycare?
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
PATHOGEN RESPONSIBLE FOR A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE
VACCINE
PHARMACOLOGIC AGENT CAPABLE OF PRODUCING ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
IPV
POLIO
Gloves, gowns and goggles are examples of
PPE (personal protective equipment)
Which of the following classification of vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria?
Pathogenic Toxins
Build a medical term meaning "the study of disease"
Pathology
A 6 yr old patient with pink eye (conjunctivitis) is examined in the office what is the best method of preventing the spread of the infection
Perform careful and repeated hand washing and sanitization
a 6 y/o with conjunctivitis is examined in the office. What is the best method of preventing the spread of the infection
Perform careful and repeated hand washing or sanitization.
Glove gowns and googles are examples of
Personal protective equipment
What procedure is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport
Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection
Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport
Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection
Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport?
Placing the materials in a leakproof container during collection?
One of the goals of performing frequent hand washing is to
Prevent transient bacteria from becoming resident
The immune system response that is identified as humoral immunity is
Production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body
CONVALESCENT STAGE
RECOVERY AND RECUPERATION FROM THE EFFECTS OF A SPECIFIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE. PATIENT REGAINS STRENGTH AND STAMINA
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
REGULATORY ACTIVITIES OF T CELLS DURING THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE.
NATURALLY ACQUIRED ACTIVE IMMUNITY
RESULTS FROM CONTRACTING AN INFECTIOUS AGENT AND EXPERIENCING AN ACUTE OR SUBCLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE. IMMUNITY IS USUALLY PERMANENT
LATENT INFECTIONS
Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection?
FALSE
Relapse is the disappearance of the clinical symptoms of disease.
The most important step in achieving hand asepsis is
Removing jewelry
THOROUGHLY WASH THE NEEDLESTICK SITE
Rosa was assisting with pediatric immunizations when she received an accidental needlestick. What is the first thing Rosa do?
CONTAMINATED
SOMETHING THAT IS UNCLEAN OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE A STERILE AREA BEING MADE UNSTERILE OR EXPOSING A CLEAN AREA TO A PATHOGENIC SUBSTANCE
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
SPECIALIZED ANTIBODIES THAT CAN RENDER A PATHOGEN UNABLE TO REPRODUCE OR CONTINUE TO GROW
ANTIBODY
SPECIFIC CHEMICAL PRODUCED BY B CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO AN ANTIGEN
TRANSMISSION
SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE BY DIRECT CONTACT, INDIRECT CONTACT, INHALATION, INGESTION, OR BLOODBORNE CONTACT
ANTIGEN
SUBSTANCE SUCH AS BACTERIA OR OTHER AGENTS THAT THE BODY RECOGNIZES AS FOREIGN; THE STIMULUS FOR ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
FOMITES
SUBSTANCE THAT ABSORBS AND TRANSMITS INFECTIOUS MATERIAL. EX; EQUIPMENT, TABLES, COUNTERS
DECLINING STAGE
SYMPTOMS BEGIN TO SUBSIDE OR GO AWAY
Process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments
Sanitation
The processed used to wash and remove blood and tissue from a medical instruments is called
Sanitization
Office staff are responsible for maintaining asepsis in all the exam rooms and the patient waiting room what steps should be taken to make sure the areas are aseptic
Sanitize all surfaces in the patients bathroom and disinfect toys in the waiting room
Office staff are responsible for maintaining asepsis in all the exam rooms and the patient waiting room. What steps should be taken
Sanitize all surfaces in the pts. bathroom and disinfect toys in the waiting room.
On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection what would be the most effective method of controlling the spread of conjunctivitis in a day care center
Sanitizing hands thoroughly after each contact with a symptomatic child
Which of the following is not considered standard personal protective equipment?
Shoe Cover
For disinfection to be effective what must the medical assistant do
Soak instruments in a closed container
For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do?
Soak instruments in a closed container
Which is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's exposure control plan required by OSHA
Specific steps for providing effective patient treatment
Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all healthcare professionals?
Standard Precautions
Destruction of all microorganisms
Sterilization
The method that completely destroys microorganisms
Sterilization
The method that completely destroys microorganisms is
Sterilization
Destruction of organisms before they enter the body
Surgical asepsis
Which of the following links in the chain of infection is the sixth link?
Susceptible Host
DTAP
TETANUS
INFLAMMATION
THE BODY'S NATURAL WAY OF RESPONDING WHEN INVADED BY A PATHOGEN
STERILIZATION
THE ELIMINATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ORGANISMS TO ACHIEVE ASEPSIS.
INCUBATION STAGE
THE INTERVAL OF TIME BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO A PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM AND THE FIRST APPEARANCE OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE
DIRECT CONTACT
TOUCHING OF EXUDATE(DRAINAGE) FROM A PERSON WITH AN INFECTED WOUND
URINE
The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood?
STERILIZATION
The method that completely destroys microorganisms is?
WASHING HANDS
The most important step in achieving asepsis is?
SANITIZATION
The process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments is called?
A germicide is an agent that destroys pathogenic microorganisms.
True
A mechanical soft diet is typically used after oral surgery.
True
Adipose tissue is stored as excess carbohydrate calories.
True
An antiseptic is an agent that can be used on the skin to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
True
Complex carbohydrates include fruit and milk products.
True
Dietary fiber is the portion of the plant that con not be digested.
True
Employees most provide employers with hepatitis B immunization free of charge within 10 days of the start of employment.
True
Experts recommend an LDL level of less than 100 mg/dl.
True
Food labels must include the total amount of fat in the food and also the percentage of saturated fat in the product.
True
Low-fiber diets are recommended for patients with diverticulosis.
True
Obesity affects more than 50% of Americans.
True
The glycemic index rates foods on how quickly they affect blood glucose levels.
True
The grain group of foods is the largest section of the Food Guide Pyramid.
True
The number of calories and the fat content in a serving size of a particular food are important criteria for patients to understand.
True
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant during a medical aseptic hand wash?
Turn off faucet with dry paper towel.
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when removing contaminated gloves?
Turn them inside out one over the other.
DISINFECTION
USE OF CHEMICALS OR BOILING WATER TO FREE AN ITEM FROM INFECTIOUS MATERIALS BUT NOT ITS SPORES
The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood
Urine
The CDC does not recommend the Standard Precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid doesn't contain visible blood
Urine
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when sanitizing instruments?
Use Heavy Gloves
The safest method to achieve adequate sanitization is too
Use an ultrasonic sanitizer bath
Rosa is responsible for training a new employee in medical aseptic hand washing what would rosa emphasize
Using an adequate amount of soap and rubbing in a circular motion around all fingers
What kind of infection is treated with a focus on palliative care
Viral infections
cellular barrier example
WBC
What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument
Wear latex gloves when cleaning sharp instruments
INCORPORATE INTO THE CELLS REPRODUCTIVE MATERIAL
What action do viruses take when they enter the body's cells?
FRICTION AND RUNNING WARM WATER
What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash?
WEAR LATEX GLOVES WHEN CLEANING SHARP INSTRUMENTS
What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument?
According to OSHA regulations under which circumstances is recapping needles allowed
When recapping an unused needle
According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed
When recapping an unused needle
SPECIFIC STEPS FOR PROVIDING EFFECTIVE PATIENT TREATMENT
Which of the following is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's exposure control plan required by OSHA?
KEEPING THE NEEDLE INTACT
Which of the following is the recommended method for disposal of needles in a puncture proof container?
PLACING THE MATERIALS IN A LEAKPROOF CONTAINER DURING COLLECTION
Which of the following procedures is appropriate for preparing blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport?
AFTER WITHDRAWING MEDICATION FROM VIAL
Which of the following scenarios is the only situation in which recapping a needle is considered an appropriate procedure?
COVER THE SPILL WITH PAPER TOWELS, POUR 10% BLEACH SOLUTION ON THE TOWELS, WAIT 15 MINS. WIPE UP THE SPILL WHILE WEARING GLOVES AND DISCARD THE PAPER TOWELS IN AN INFECTIOUS WASTE CONTAINER
While a blood specimen is being prepared for laboratory analysis, the container tips over and blood spills on the laboratory table. the most appropriate management of the spill?
prodromal stage is when
a feeling of malaise
The physician classifies a 62 y/o pt with shingles as
a latent infection
for microorganisms to survive and thrive what must be available to them
a suitable environment
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies?
acquired active immunity
form of; the immunity that results from contracting an infectious agent and experiencing either an acute or a subclinical infectious disease is call
active natural
influenza symtoms
acute upper/lower respiratory infection, severe cough, fever, malaise, sore throat, coryza
What is the name given to a microorganism that can exist only in the presence of oxygen? (aerobe, anaerobe, heterotroph, or oxygenophile)
aerobe
Which of the following scenarios is the only situation in which recapping a needle is considered an appropriate procedure.
after withdrawing medication from a vial
According to the CDC, standard precautions should be practiced at all times. These practices apply to which of the following? (body fluids, blood, nonintact skin, or all of the above)
all of the above
Which of the follwing best describes recommended methods of achieving all of the goals of infection control?
all of the above
Which of the following is unacceptable for wrapping packages for autoclaving?
aluminum foil
infectious intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon
amebic dysentry
Which eating disorder is characterized by self-starvation.
anorexia nervosa
cell-mediated immunity does not create
antibodies
response to an antigen
antibody
A(n) _____ is a foreign substance that results in the production of a specific antibody.
antigen
foriegn substance
antigen
portal of entry
any opening of body including broken skin
Viral infections.
are treated with a focus on palliative care
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines?
artificial active immunity
Which of the following types of immunity is achieved following administration of vaccines? (artificial active immunity, acquired active immunity, passive immunity, or congenital passive immunity)
artificial active immunity
form of; the immunity achieved through administration of ready-made antibodies, such as gamma-globulin is called
artificial passive
form of; the immunity that follows the administration of vaccines is called
artificial, active
Which of the following is the phase in the immune response in which antibodies are formed?
attacking infection
identified by characteristic shapes
bacteria
another goal of infection control is to create
barriers against transmission
any microorganism capable of causing disease found in blood or components of blood
bloodborne pathogen
Which eating disorder involves bingeing and purging.
bulimia
pathogens are microorganisms that
can cause infectious disease
________ is a yeast-like fungus that typically affects the vaginal and oral mucosa.
candidiasis
Which of the following best defines pathogen?
cause disease
Which of the following best defines pathogen? (normal flora, necessary for plant survival, help cure disease, or cause infectious disease)
cause infectious disease
Cell mediate immunity
causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection
Cell-mediated immunity.
causes destruction of pathogens at the site of infection
all pathogens are capable of _______ ________ but not all ______ ________
causing disease, cause disease
form of; immune response that involves T cells and B cells to attack viruses, fungi, organ transplants or cancer cells
cell-mediated
standard precautions are issued by
centers for disease control and prevention
disinfection is the use of _____________ on inanimate objects
chemicals
Vitamin C can be found in.
citrus
Which of the following workplace hazzard exposures does OSHA not regulate?
clean work surfaces
sanitization is
cleaning with soap and water
Which of the following best sterilizes equipment that is delicate or sensitive to heat?
cold sterilization
While a blood specimen is being prepared for laboratory analysis, the container tips over and blood spills on the laboratory table. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of the spill.
cover the spill with paper towels, pour 10% bleach solution on the towels, wait 15 minutes, wipe up the spill while wearing gloves, and discard the paper towels in an infectious waste container
humoral immunity does
create antibodies
Calcium and vitamin D can be found in.
dairy products
Which of the following stages of infectious disease shows improvement levels?
declining
Which of the following chemical agents cleans but does not sterilize?
disinfectant
the use of chemicals or the autoclave to destroy all microbes, including their spores is called
disinfection
use of chemicals or boiling water
disinfection
what type of water must be used in autoclave or steam and why
distilled to prevent mineral build up
All of the following are desirable characteristics of safety devices except what? (jet injection, does not work passively, easy to use, or can't be deactivated)
does not work passively
Which of the following is a violation of the OSHA standard? (refusing to get the Hepatitis B vaccination, eating in the office lab, storing the Exposure Control Plan on the computer, recapping a needle after withdrawing medication from a vial, or all of the above)
eating in the office lab
Blunt needles, needleless systems, and resheathing syringes are examples of.
engineering controls
Blunt needles, needless systems and re sheathing syringes are examples of
engineering controls
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of OSHA regulations?
ensuring safety in the workplace
Edward Jenner is accredited with what
eradicated small pox worldwide
Which of the following best describes a portal of exit?
excretions and secretions
incubation period is when
exposed to
physical barrier example
eyelashes, mucos
Which nutrient has 9 kcal/g.
fat
epidemiology
field of science that studies the history, cause and patterns of infectious diseases
substances that absorb and transmit infectious material, that is, contaminated items such as equipment
fomites
pathogens require what to grow
food, warmth, moisture, darkness neutral pH, and oxygen or lack of oxygen
Which of the following is not an effect of inflammation?
forming antigens
What are the two important factors in performing an effective hand wash.
friction and running warm water
causes athlete's foot and ringworm
fungi
4 methods of sterilization are
gas, dry heat, chemical and steam
Which of the following is not considered standard personal protective equipment?
gown
A susceptible host in the chain of infection is an individual that
has an immune system that is overwhelmed by the pathogenic exposure
Which health condition is related to stress.
headaches, hypertension, and diarrhea
Which of the following types of gloves is recommended for wear when instruments are washed by hand?
heavy-duty rubber
Which of the following instruments are kept open during sterilization?
hemostats
Who has the highest risk of developing a nosocomial infection? (children, women, hospitalized patients, or people in a social setting)
hospitalized patients
form of; immune response that produces antibodies to kill pathogens and recognize them in the future is call
humoral
medical asepsis includes ___________
hygiene
describe bacteria
identified by shape, round, rod or spiral
pathogen resistance
immunity
protein antibiodis produced by the cells of the immune system
immunoglobulins
specialized antibodies that can render a pathogen unable to reproduce or continue to grow are called
immunoglobulins
Which of the following best describes a susceptible host?
immunosuppressants and the elderly
What action do viruses take when enter the body's cell.
incorporate into the cells reproductive material
Inflammation mediators that are released at the site of cellular damage perform which of the following functions.
increase blood flow to the site and increased the permeability of blood vessel walls
susceptibility to an infectious microorganism depends on general physical conditon, duration of exposure to the pathogen, and number and specific types of pathogen but does not depend on
indirect contact
golden rule you can have inflammation without _______
infection
Which of the following links in the chain of infection would be broken by having unprotected sex?
infectious agent
a pathogen responsible for a specific infectious disease
infectious agent
one goal of infection control is to limit the presence of ___________________
infectious agents
ID
infectious disease
the body's natural way of responding when invaded by a pathogen is
inflammation
Errors in disinfection can occur if
instruments are not properly sanitized firs and the disinfectant solution is diluted.
the greatest natural barrier is
intact skin
septicemia
invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the bloodstream
A bacterial spore.
is a resistant bacterial reproductive cell that can become active and cause disease
describe rickettsiae
it is larger than a virus, but like them other then that, some antiboidics do work
itb portal of exit
itb control of excretions and secretions, trash and waste disposal
itb reservoir
itb environmental sanitation
itb rapid, accurate identification of organisms
itb infectious agent
itb mode of tranmission
itb isolation and food handling and airflow control
itb standard precautions
itb mode of transmission
itb handwashing
itb portal of exit
itb aseptic technique
itb reservoir or source
itb recognition of hig-risk patients
itb susceptible host
itb susceptible hose
itb treatment of underlying disease
hepatitis B symptoms
jaundice, liver tenderness and enlargement, fever, headache, fatigue, malaise and anorexia
Which of the following best describes how to inhibit bacterial growth?
keep surfaces dry
Which of the following is the recommended method for disposal of needles in a puncture-proof container.
keeping the needle intact
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the assistant with handling used blood containers?
label with orange red biohazard labels
Which of the following major carbohydrates is found in milk.
lactose
A persistent infection that cycle through relapse and remission phases
latent
Relapse and remission are seen frequently in what types of infection.
latent infections
medical asepsis is decribed as the use of mechanisms to destroy pathogens after they
leave the body
Which of the following is the most commonly administered class of vaccines?
live attenuated pathogen
In any of the acute viral hepatitis diseases, which organ is affected? (liver, kidney, heart, or gallbladder)
liver
rickettsiae example
lymes or Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever
infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite within red blood cells; transmitted to humans by female mosquitoes
malaria
MSDS
material data safety sheet
Protein can be found in.
meats and nuts
Practices such as hand washing, general cleaning, and disinfectant are all part of which of the following? (surgical asepsis, OSHA compliance, medical asepsis, or infection control)
medical asepsis
What is the term used to describe practices that help to keep an object or area clean and free from infection? (medical asepsis, surgical asepsis, sterilization, or disinfection)
medical asepsis
______________ involves specific techniques used inthe amublatory setting that are designed to destroy pathogens after they leave the body and to decrease the risk of spreading
medical asepsis
disinfection gets rid of all surface _____, but not their spores
microbes
normal flora
microorganisms that do not cause disease/illness
live vaccines are
mmr and chicken pox
Which of the following links in the chain of infection would wearing gloves effectively break?
mode of transmission
Which of the following links in the chain of infection would wearing gloves most effectively break? (portal of exit, portal of entry, infectious host, mode of transmission, or susceptible host)
mode of transmission
Fungal infections are also called _______ infections.
mycotic
gastroenteritis symptoms
nausea, intestinal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, respiratory failure, death
describe virus
need single living cell, intracellular parasites, antibiodics don't work, and we have one vaccine
normal flora aka
non pathogens
morbidity
number of cases of disease in a specific population
the word pathogen means
only those microorganisms that cause disease
AIDS symptoms
opportunistic infections, lympadenopathy, fatigue, malaise, fever
A(n) _______ agent is a medication that relieves patient symptoms but does not cure a disease.
palliative
a pharmacologic treatment agent for a viral infection is an example of an agent that relieves only symptoms of the disease
palliative
microorganisms must be of what types if a pathogen
parasite, bacteria, virus, fungus, ricketts
examples are protozoa and metazoa
parasites
form of; the short-term immunity provided to a newborn that occurs when antibodies pass to a fetus from the mother is called
passive natural
What is the term used to describe a microorganism that produces disease? (virus, pathogen, bacteria, or infection)
pathogen
any disease-producing microorganism
pathogen
name 2 groups of microorganisms
pathogen and non-pathogen
infectious agent
pathogen responsible for a specific infectious disease
Which of the following classification of vaccines include tetanus and diphtheria? (artificial pathogens, pathogenic toxins, killed pathogens, or live attenuated pathogen)
pathogenic toxins
Which of the following include tetanus and diphtheria?
pathogenic toxins
name some reservoirs
people, animals, equipment, food, water
How to prevent transient bacteria from becoming resident bacteria
perform frequent hand washing
Gloves, gowns, and goggles are examples of.
personal protective equipment
Which of the following procedures is appropriate blood and other potentially infectious materials for transport.
placing the materials in a leak proof container during collection
vaccine that is killed pathogen
polio, rabies
Which of the following is the step in the chain of infection when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host?
portal of exit
Which of the following is the step in the chain of infection when an infectious agent leaves the reservoir host? (portal of exit, portal of entry, mode of transmission, infectious agent, or susceptible host)
portal of exit
Build a medical term that means "pertaining to after birth"
postnatal
Which of the following stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever?
prodromal
Which of the following stages of infectious disease includes general complaints such as malaise and fever? (prodromal, incubation, declining, acute, or convalescent)
prodromal
the stage in infectiouis disease in which symptoms are vague and undifferentiated is called the
prodromal stage
Define the meaning of the suffix -gen
producing
The immune system response that is identified as humoral immunity is
production of antibodies in response to a foreign substance in the body
tuberculosis symptoms
productive cough, fatigue, fever, weight loss (older adults behavior changes, anorexia, weight loss) night sweats
Beta-carotene can be found in.
raw vegetables
Fiber can be found in.
raw vegetables
A patient scheduled to undergo stool collection for occult blood should be instructed to avoid intake of which of the following.
red meat
A patient with high cholesterol should be instructed to avoid intake of which of the following.
red meat
standard precautions might best be described as a set of rules to
reduce the risk of transmission
The purpose of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is to: (improve the quality of lab testing in the US, protect public health and the environment outside of the workplace, reduce the risk to employees of exposure to infectious diseases, or prevent exposure of employees to bloodborne pathogens)
reduce the risk to employees of exposure to infectious diseases
the bloodborne pathogen standard is primarily concerned with
reducing the transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV infections
The most important step in achieving hand asepsis is.
removing jewelry
in the chain of infection the location of the infectious agent is known as the
reservoir
withstand an infectious disease
resistance
Which of the following are examples of a reservoir in the chain of infection?
respiratory tract and broken skin
For which of the following is a medical assistant required to wear a mask while taking the patient's medical history.
rheumatic fever
Which of the following would include typhus, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
rickettsiae
intacellular parasites that are larger that viruses
rickettsiae
another goal of infection control is to decrease the
risk to others for contracting infectious diseases
declining stage is when
s/s reduced
The process used to wash and remove blood and tissue from medical instruments is called.
sanitization
before instruments or other fomites are disinfected or sterilized, they must be scrubbed or cleaned in a process called
sanitization
infectious skin disease caused by the itch mite which is transmitted by direct contract with infected person
scabies
microorganisms
seen only with a microscope
What should not be done when sanitizing an instrument.
separate sharp and blunt instruments
SARS
severe acute respiratory sundrome
natural barrier example
skin
List 3 protective mechanisms the body provides to prevent the invasion of pathogens.
skin, mucous membranes, cilia
For disinfection to be effective, what must the medical assistant do.
soak instrument in a closed container
Which of the following is not a major area that must be covered in the medical facility's Exposure Control Plan by OSHA.
specific steps for providing effective patient treatment
the difference between sterilizing and disinfecting is that sterilization gets rid of all microbes and their ____
spores
Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals?
standard precautions
Which of the following applies to the set of infection control guidelines that should be used by all health care professionals? (universal precautions, body substance isolation, standard precautions, or transmission precautions)
standard precautions
what method of sterilization is used most often
steam
an autoclave uses what method
steam sterilization
skin can never be
sterile
The method that completely destroys microorganisms is.
sterilization
bacteria example
strep
fomite
substance that absorbs and transmits infectious material
chickenpox symtoms
sudden onset, fever, malaise, maculo-papular-vesicular skin rash
What is the name given to a person who cannot fight off a pathogen that has entered his or her body? (reservoir host, resistant host, susceptible host, or contagious)
susceptible host
Which of the following links in the chain of infection would using sterile technique effectively break?
suspectible host
Golden rule; you can never have infection without _____
swelling
parasites example
tape worm
All of the following are considered other potentially infectious materials (OPIMs) EXCEPT: (semen, tears and sweat, vaginal secretions, or any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood)
tears and sweat
chemical barrier example
tears, sweat
vaccine that is pathogenic toxin
tetanus
mortality
the ratio of the number of deaths to a given population
The optimal growth temperature is: (98.6 degrees F or body temp, the temp at which a microorganism grows best, room temp, or the temp that kills pathogens)
the temp at which a microorganism grows best
describe parasites
they live on or in their host, they can be single celled or multi cellular
Rosa was assisting with pediatric immunization when she received an accidental needlestick. What is the first thing Rosa should do.
thoroughly wash the needlestick site
Which of the following would not break the chain of infection? (hand washing, sanitation, disinfection, or throwing needles in the garbage)
throwing needles in the garbage
________ are surface bacteria that are introduced by contaminated objects or by exposure to microorganisms that can be destroyed if managed properly.
transient bacteria
most of the breaks in ambulatory care occur in the _________ phase
transmission
infestation with a parasite, which may be transmitted through sexual intercourse
trichomoniasis
The level of patient dehydration can be determined with a simple skin ______ test that involves grasping the skin on the posterior surface of the hand between the fingers and releasing it.
turgor
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant during a medical aseptic hand wash?
turn off faucet with dry paper towel
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when removing contaminated gloves?
turn them out one over the other
The CDC does not recommend standard precautions for which of the following body fluids if the fluid does not contain visible blood.
urine
________ is a skin eruption that results in hives.
urticaria
Which of the following is the most appropriate action of the medical assistant when sanitizing instruments?
use heavy gloves
man-made agent
vaccine
A(n)________ is an insect or tick that transmits the causative organisms of a disease.
vector
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step after an autoclave load has finished the timing cycle?
vent the steam chamber and allow contents to dry completely
A patient with symptoms of ______ feels dizzy and has difficulty with normal balance.
vertigo
Which of the following would include typhus, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever? (bacteria, parasites, virus, rickettsiae, or fungi)
virus
live inside cells in order to multiply
virus
Which is not a fat soluble.
vitamin C
Which is not an antioxidant.
vitamin K
the single most important action you can take to avoid acquiring communicable diseases is to
wash hands frequently
On the basis of your understanding of the chain of infection, what would be the most effective method for controlling the spread of conjunctivitis in a daycare center.
wash hands thoroughly each time a symptomatic child is contacted
to sanitize something literally means to
wash it well
What is the FIRST thing you should do if a cut on your bare hand accidentally comes in contact with a patient's blood? (apply gloves, obtain a Hepatitis B vaccination, report the incident to the physician, or wash your hands with soap and water)
wash your hands with soap and water
According to OSHA regulations, under which of the following circumstances is recapping needles allowed.
when recapping an unused needle
fungus example
yeast, mushrooms and molds
convalescent stage is when
you are 100% better
