Chapter 22 Lymphatic System Chap. 22

The ________ lymphatics leave the lymph node at the hilum.

efferent

The process by which antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes is called

Agglutination

And an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein, I can activate a

Helper T cell (CD4)

Anti-A and anti-B blood type in antibodies are of which class?

IgM

Enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time

Memory cells

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens

allergies

What type of immunity develops after receiving a vaccine?

artificially acquired active immunity

Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in

the adult spleen.

A high level of pyrogens in the blood indicates

A fever

The bodies in that defenses include all of the following except

Antibodies

When immune system mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues

Autoimmune disease

A T cell can only become activated after being physically or chemically stimulated by the abnormal target sell, at a second site (double-checking) in a process called

Costimulation

When an antigen is bound to a class MHC molecule, it can stimulate a

Cytotoxic T (CD8)

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgG

During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher?

IgM and IgG

In a____, either the immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked

Immunodeficiency disease

In an effort to fight the cancer cells, the body increases the production of what?

NK cells

The cells that perform immunological surveillance

NK cells

The process by which antibodies fine to antigenic sites and viruses are toxins, rendering them in capable of binding to other cells is called

Neutralization

The process by which the surface of a micro organism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized is called

Opsonization

Clusters of lymphatic modules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestines

Peyer's patches

The sales responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are _______ cells

Plasma

The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called

Precipitation

When antigens bind to antibodies on the cell membrane of an active B cell and brought into the cell by endocytosis to be displayed on the class II MHC proteins this results in ____ of the B cells

Sensitization

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of what?

T cells

T is to_____ as B is to ______

Thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

Exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen

Tolerance

Lymphatic capillaries are known for all of the following except

allowing nutrient and gas exchange.

Newborns gain their immunity initially from

antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother

The production of autoantibodies generally causes

autoimmune diseases

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.

cytotoxic T

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

cytotoxic T

Another term for antibodies

immunoglobulins

Suppressor T cells act to

inhibit T and B cell activities.

Cytokines that make a cell and its neighbors resistant to virus infection are called

interferons

Interfere with viral replication

interferons

All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that

it depends on memory B cells.

Class II MHC molecules are found on which of the following?

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?

macrophage

Inflammatory response is triggered when

mast cells release histamine and heparin

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

red bone marrow

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

thoracic duct

Large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx

tonsils

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except

venae cavae

Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

white pulp