Chapter 22 Lymphatic System Chap. 22
The ________ lymphatics leave the lymph node at the hilum.
efferent
The process by which antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes is called
Agglutination
And an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein, I can activate a
Helper T cell (CD4)
Anti-A and anti-B blood type in antibodies are of which class?
IgM
Enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly if the same antigen is encountered a second time
Memory cells
Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens
allergies
What type of immunity develops after receiving a vaccine?
artificially acquired active immunity
Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in
the adult spleen.
A high level of pyrogens in the blood indicates
A fever
The bodies in that defenses include all of the following except
Antibodies
When immune system mistakenly targets normal body cells and tissues
Autoimmune disease
A T cell can only become activated after being physically or chemically stimulated by the abnormal target sell, at a second site (double-checking) in a process called
Costimulation
When an antigen is bound to a class MHC molecule, it can stimulate a
Cytotoxic T (CD8)
Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are
IgG
During the primary response, which antibody peaks sooner? During the secondary response, which antibody level is higher?
IgM and IgG
In a____, either the immune system fails to develop normally or the immune response is blocked
Immunodeficiency disease
In an effort to fight the cancer cells, the body increases the production of what?
NK cells
The cells that perform immunological surveillance
NK cells
The process by which antibodies fine to antigenic sites and viruses are toxins, rendering them in capable of binding to other cells is called
Neutralization
The process by which the surface of a micro organism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized is called
Opsonization
Clusters of lymphatic modules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestines
Peyer's patches
The sales responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are _______ cells
Plasma
The process by which soluble antigens combine with antibodies to form insoluble immune complexes is called
Precipitation
When antigens bind to antibodies on the cell membrane of an active B cell and brought into the cell by endocytosis to be displayed on the class II MHC proteins this results in ____ of the B cells
Sensitization
If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of what?
T cells
T is to_____ as B is to ______
Thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
Exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen
Tolerance
Lymphatic capillaries are known for all of the following except
allowing nutrient and gas exchange.
Newborns gain their immunity initially from
antibodies passed across the placenta from the mother
The production of autoantibodies generally causes
autoimmune diseases
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.
cytotoxic T
Another term for antibodies
immunoglobulins
Suppressor T cells act to
inhibit T and B cell activities.
Cytokines that make a cell and its neighbors resistant to virus infection are called
interferons
Interfere with viral replication
interferons
All of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that
it depends on memory B cells.
Class II MHC molecules are found on which of the following?
lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?
macrophage
Inflammatory response is triggered when
mast cells release histamine and heparin
Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the
red bone marrow
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
thoracic duct
Large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx
tonsils
The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except
venae cavae
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
white pulp