Chapter 22: The Reproductive System

The structure of a testis can be described as composed of

about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.

The secretion of the prostate gland is slightly _____, helping to neutralize the pH of the fluid from the epididymis and the fluids of the female reproductive tract.

alkaline

During the female reproductive cycle, menstruation is triggered when:

blood levels of estrogens and progesterone drop.

Which of the following events occur during prophase I?

breakdown of nuclear envelope, condensation of chromosomes, and movement of centrosomes

Fold of peritoneum; attached to abdominal wall, ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.

broad ligament

A cross-over in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between:

chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Which hormone prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum?

human chorionic gonadotropin

Gonadotropic releasing hormone is released by the...

hypothalamus

structures associated with the uterine tubes

infundibulum fimbriae ciliated simple columnar epithelium

The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal.

inguinal

Name the cells that produce androgens (including testosterone).

interstitial cells of the testes

From uterus to abdominal wall.

round ligament

the cell that is ovulated is

secondary oocyte

Name the first haploid cell (with 23 chromosomes) produced during spermatogenesis.

secondary spermatocyte

The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the

seminal vesicles

produce semen

seminal vesicles prostate bulbourethal glands

pathway of sperm

seminiferous tubule rete testis epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct urethra

spermatogenesis occurs in the?

seminiferous tubules

Which of the following events occur during anaphase I?

separation of homologous chromosomes

Separation of ________ occurs in anaphase II of meiosis.

sister chromatids

LIst the correct order of cell stages in spermatogenesis.

spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte

In the reproductive cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____.

stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular

During the female reproductive cycle, the trigger for ovulation is:

surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone.

From superior aspect of ovary to abdominal wall.

suspensory ligament

structures associated with the ovaries

suspensory ligament follicles medulla and cortex tunica albuginea

produce sperm

testes

Define synapsis.

the pairing of homologous chromosomes

A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows

whether or not a uterine tube is open.

Describe the chromosome number before and after meiosis I

2N -> 1N

The average length of the epididymis is

6 meters

Synapsis occurs during

8 million

promotes sperm maturation, stores sperm, convey sperm to ductus deferens

epididymis

Centromeres divide in

mitosis and meiosis II.

From inferior aspect of ovary to uterus.

ovarian ligament

In a nonpregnant female, the primary source of estrogens and progesterone is/are the:

ovaries

The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages

120 million/mL

A mammary gland contains ____ lobes.

15-20

Describe the chromosome number before and after meiosis II.

1N-> 1N

Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. 1 = Separation of homologous chromosomes 2 = Synapsis 3 = Crossing-over 4 = Independent assortment

2,3,4,1

Which cells produce testosterone?

Interstitial cells

Describe the fate of each spermatid.

It differentiates into a sperm cell.

About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of

LH

Oogenesis is...

The production of immature oocytes in the ovary

What stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?

When a sperm cell penetrates the oocyte membrane

What is the correct sequence of embryonic stages?

Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryoblast

what is theca?

a capsule around a follicle

During spermatogenesis, a spermatogonium divides by mitosis to produce:

a spermatogonium and a primary spermatocyte.

The glands in a lobe of a breast

drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple.

ducts to transport sperm

ductus deferens epididymis urethra ejaculatory duct

Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?

ejaculatory ducts

An increase in the level of FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation. true or false

false

Crossing over occurs in both meiosis I and meiosis II

false

Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid. true or false

false

Independent assortment occurs in prophase I. true or false

false

The second meiotic division (meiosis II) of spermatogenesis results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. true or false

false

structures associated with the vagina

fornices hymen bulbospongiosus muscle rugae

At the end of meiosis II, there are

four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid.

structures associated with the uterus

fundus body endometrium myometrium perimetrium cervix round ligament

the cells surrounding an oocyte

granulosa cells

the fetal ovary contains _________ follicles consisting of __________ surrounded by flattened epithelial cells

primordial primary oocytes

The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of

prometaphase II.

phases of meiosis

prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2

Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?

prostate

FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start maturing. true or false

true

The period between meiosis I and II is termed interkinesis. true or false

true

A tetrad is made up of

two homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids.