Chapter 22: The Reproductive System
The structure of a testis can be described as composed of
about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.
The secretion of the prostate gland is slightly _____, helping to neutralize the pH of the fluid from the epididymis and the fluids of the female reproductive tract.
alkaline
During the female reproductive cycle, menstruation is triggered when:
blood levels of estrogens and progesterone drop.
Which of the following events occur during prophase I?
breakdown of nuclear envelope, condensation of chromosomes, and movement of centrosomes
Fold of peritoneum; attached to abdominal wall, ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus.
broad ligament
A cross-over in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between:
chromatids of homologous chromosomes
Which hormone prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum?
human chorionic gonadotropin
Gonadotropic releasing hormone is released by the...
hypothalamus
structures associated with the uterine tubes
infundibulum fimbriae ciliated simple columnar epithelium
The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal.
inguinal
Name the cells that produce androgens (including testosterone).
interstitial cells of the testes
From uterus to abdominal wall.
round ligament
the cell that is ovulated is
secondary oocyte
Name the first haploid cell (with 23 chromosomes) produced during spermatogenesis.
secondary spermatocyte
The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the
seminal vesicles
produce semen
seminal vesicles prostate bulbourethal glands
pathway of sperm
seminiferous tubule rete testis epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory duct urethra
spermatogenesis occurs in the?
seminiferous tubules
Which of the following events occur during anaphase I?
separation of homologous chromosomes
Separation of ________ occurs in anaphase II of meiosis.
sister chromatids
LIst the correct order of cell stages in spermatogenesis.
spermatogonium, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte
In the reproductive cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____.
stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular
During the female reproductive cycle, the trigger for ovulation is:
surge in blood levels of luteinizing hormone.
From superior aspect of ovary to abdominal wall.
suspensory ligament
structures associated with the ovaries
suspensory ligament follicles medulla and cortex tunica albuginea
produce sperm
testes
Define synapsis.
the pairing of homologous chromosomes
A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows
whether or not a uterine tube is open.
Describe the chromosome number before and after meiosis I
2N -> 1N
The average length of the epididymis is
6 meters
Synapsis occurs during
8 million
promotes sperm maturation, stores sperm, convey sperm to ductus deferens
epididymis
Centromeres divide in
mitosis and meiosis II.
From inferior aspect of ovary to uterus.
ovarian ligament
In a nonpregnant female, the primary source of estrogens and progesterone is/are the:
ovaries
The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages
120 million/mL
A mammary gland contains ____ lobes.
15-20
Describe the chromosome number before and after meiosis II.
1N-> 1N
Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. 1 = Separation of homologous chromosomes 2 = Synapsis 3 = Crossing-over 4 = Independent assortment
2,3,4,1
Which cells produce testosterone?
Interstitial cells
Describe the fate of each spermatid.
It differentiates into a sperm cell.
About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of
LH
Oogenesis is...
The production of immature oocytes in the ovary
What stimulates the secondary oocyte to complete meiosis II?
When a sperm cell penetrates the oocyte membrane
What is the correct sequence of embryonic stages?
Zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryoblast
what is theca?
a capsule around a follicle
During spermatogenesis, a spermatogonium divides by mitosis to produce:
a spermatogonium and a primary spermatocyte.
The glands in a lobe of a breast
drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple.
ducts to transport sperm
ductus deferens epididymis urethra ejaculatory duct
Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?
ejaculatory ducts
An increase in the level of FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation. true or false
false
Crossing over occurs in both meiosis I and meiosis II
false
Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid. true or false
false
Independent assortment occurs in prophase I. true or false
false
The second meiotic division (meiosis II) of spermatogenesis results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. true or false
false
structures associated with the vagina
fornices hymen bulbospongiosus muscle rugae
At the end of meiosis II, there are
four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid.
structures associated with the uterus
fundus body endometrium myometrium perimetrium cervix round ligament
the cells surrounding an oocyte
granulosa cells
the fetal ovary contains _________ follicles consisting of __________ surrounded by flattened epithelial cells
primordial primary oocytes
The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of
prometaphase II.
phases of meiosis
prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2
Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
prostate
FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start maturing. true or false
true
The period between meiosis I and II is termed interkinesis. true or false
true
A tetrad is made up of
two homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids.
