Chapter 23

An individual of genotype Qq is bred with an individual of genotype Qq is an example of a(n) ______ cross

monohybrid

Metabolic rate, height, and skin color are some examples of _____ inheritance

polygenic

An individual of genotype TtFFgg mates with an individual of genotype ttFfgg. About how many of their 100 offspring would you expect to be heterozygous for all three traits?

0

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a Mendelian monohybrid cross involving individuals who have the following genotypes (Ww X Ww)?

3:1 1:2:1 - genotypic ratio

A certain badger is heterozygous for 2 genes; he has sharp claws and bad breath. He mates with another badger that is homozygous for both genes, with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath. What are the chances that they have an offspring with sharp claws and minty-fresh breath?

1/2

What is the chance that parents who are both heterozygous for widow's peak (Ww) have 3 children who all have straight hairlines?

1/64

Body cells typically have _____ allele(s) for each trait whereas gamete cells have ______

2:1

What are the possible blood types of a child whose father has type AB blood and whose mother has type O blood?

A or B only

Which of the following are genotypes of "true-breeding" organisms? AaBbCc aaBbcc aabbcc AABBCC AaBBcc

A true-breeding organism is homozygous (dominant or recessive) for all traits under study aabbcc AABBCC

Select all the characteristics of cystic fibrosis Abnormally thick mucus in lungs and pancreas Abnormally shaped red blood cells Autosomal recessive disorder Progressive deterioration of psychomotor functions Most common lethal genetic disorder among Caucasians in the US Defective chloride channels in plasma membranes

Abnormally thick mucus in lungs and pancreas Autosomal recessive disorder Most common lethal genetic disorder among Caucasians in the US Defective chloride channels in plasma membranes

Select all of the premises of Mendel's law of independent assortment All possible combinations of alleles can occur in gametes Gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs

All possible combinations of alleles can occur in gametes Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs

Which floral structure must be removed to prevent self-pollination, which can be used in a cross pollination experiment?

Anther

The ABO alleles inherited by humans determines the presence or absence of ______ on their red blood cells

Antigens

Select all of the characteristics of Marfan syndrome can be treated with a special diet abnormal amounts of mucus in lungs and pancreas aorta wall has a weakness that may burst without warning abnormally shaped red blood cells defective elastic connective tissue protein called filbrillin Autosomal dominant disorder

Aorta wall has a weakness that may burst without warning Defective elastic connective tissue protein called filbrillin Autosomal dominant disorder

Select all of the following that describes the geneticist, Gregor Mendel? Careful, deliberate, note-taker Followed the scientific method closely Used fruit flies in his experiments Integrated mathematics in his studies

Careful, deliberate, note-taker Followed the scientific method closely Integrated mathematics in his studies

Select all of the following that are traits typical of autosomal dominant inheritance Heterozygotes have an unaffected phenotype Both males and females are equally affected 2 unaffected parents will have unaffected children Affected children will usually have an affected parent

Both males and females are equally affected 2 unaffected parents will have unaffected children Affected children will usually have an affected parent

Q1 and Q2 are different alleles of a single gene and are both completely expressed in a heterozygous individual. This type of inheritance is termed _______

Codominance

Select all of the characteristics of sickle-cell anemia Condition can provide some protection against malaria Abnormally shaped red blood cells Abnormal type of hemoglobin that differs from normal hemoglobin by one amino acid Autosomal recessive disorder Abnormal amounts of mucus in the lungs and pancreas

Condition can provide some protection against malaria Abnormally shaped red blood cells Abnormal type of hemoglobin that differs from normal hemoglobin by one amino acid Autosomal recessive disorder

Polygenic traits typically result in 2 distinct phenotypes A single phenotype Continuous distribution of phenotypes A phenotype which is only expressed under certain conditions

Continuous distribution of phenotypes

Which of the following are examples of polygenic traits? Behavior Metabolic rate Blood type Skin color Height

Everything besides blood type

In polygenic inheritance each _______ allele has a quantitative effect on the phenotype effect on the phenotype and as such the effects are additive

Dominant

Select all of the following that are included in Mendel's law of segregation Pairs of alleles separate during gamete formation Gametes contain only one of the 2 parental alleles Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs Fertilization restores 2 alleles of each gene to the embryo Individuals have 2 alleles for each trait

Everything besides independetly (Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment)

Select all of the following that characterize traits controlled by more than one set of alleles? Phenotypic variation appears continuous More than 2 alleles effect phenotype Only affects males Alleles have additive effects on phenotype

Everything besides only affects males

Which 2 of the following genotypes would express the same phenotype in a simple, Mendelian system? Ff ff FF

Ff and FF

A dihybrid can form _____ different gametes

Four

The alleles that the chromosomes carry that are responsible for a trait are referred to as an organism's ______ Phenotype Genotype Homozygosity Recessiveness Dominance

Genotype

Chocolate Labrador retrievers have brown fur. The combination of alleles that produce the brown fur represents the dogs'

Genotype (not phenotype)

What is the expected genotypic ration of a Mendelian dihybrid cross when both parents are heterozygous for both their traits?

Genotypic ratio - 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 Phenotypic - 9:3:3:1

3 alleles for the same gene control the inheritance of ABO blood types, by determining which antigens will be expressed on the surface of red blood cells. The resulting four blood types are A, B, AB, and O. Select all of the true statements about the inheritance of human blood types. Has multiple alleles Is sex-linked Is codominantly expressed Is incompletely dominant

Has multiple alleles Is codominantly expressed

Recessive genes are typically masked when an individual is ____ for the gene

Heterozygous

An organism carrying 2 dominant alleles of a particular gene would be considered ______ dominant for that trait.

Homozygous

A characteristic of _____ dominance is that heterozygotes display a phenotype in btw that of individuals homozygotic for both alleles

Incomplete

2 Caucasians with wavy hair have a daughter with straight hair and another daughter with curly hair. This can be explained because the inheritance pattern is an example of _______

Incomplete dominance

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disorder that is ______ dominant

Incompletely

A genetic cross that produces 3 variations of the same trait is an example of

Incompletely dominant

Polygenic _______ occurs when trait is governed by 2 or more genes or sets of alleles

Inheritace

Polygenic ______ occurs when trait is governed by 2 or more genes or sets of alleles

Inheritance

Which of the following is a condition of the inheritance of an autosomal dominant disorder? It has to be an allele on the X chromosome Only one dominant allele has to be inherited Both recessive alleles must be inherited

Only one dominant allele has to be inherited

Treating ______, a genetic disorder that affects nervous system development, with diet is one example of how scientists have learned to manipulate the damaging effects of some genetic disorders

PKU

The idea developed by Mendel that proposed that inheritance involves the reshuffling of the same genes from generation to generation is called the ______ theory of inheritance

Particulate

Select all of the characteristics of Tay-Sach disease Progressive deterioration of psychomotor functions Usually occurs among Jewish people Autosomal recessive Abnormally shaped red blood cells Individuals lack an enzyme called Hex A Defective chloride channels in the plasma membrane

Progressive deterioration of psychomotor functions Usually occurs among Jewish people Autosomal recessive Individuals lack an enzyme called Hex A

An individual carries 2 dominant alleles. To determine if that individual is homozygous or heterozygous a two-trait testcross is conducted. The other individual in the test-cross would be homozygous ______ for both traits.

Recessive

Inheritance of 2 _____ alleles is required before an autosomal recessive disorder will appear

Recessive

The particulate theory of inheritance involves Reshuffling of the genes from generation to generation The inheritance of multiple sets of genes, called particulates, within a single individual Having only a dominant and recessive allele for each gene

Reshuffling of the genes from generation to generation

Match the autosomal recessive condition with a characteristic of that disorder Tay-sachs disease cystic fibrosis PKU sickle-cell anemia Red blood cells have an irregular shape Chloride ions fail to pass plasma membranes Lack the enzyme hexosaminidase A abnormal metabolism of phenylalanine

Tay-sachs disease - lack enzyme hexosaminidase A cystic fibrosis - chloride ions fail to pass plasma membranes

A two-trait ______ occurs when an individual has 2 dominant alleles but it is not possible to determine if that individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous, thus that individual is crossed with an individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits.

Testcross

A Punnett square is a diagram used to estimate genetic probabilities in offspring to estimate allele possibilities to determine the DNA sequence of an organism

To estimate genetic probabilities in offspring

Select all of the ways that led to Mendel's success in genetics Had a degree in statistics Treated his data quantitatively Kept carefully detailed records Studied large numbers of offspring

Treated his data qualitatively Kept carefully detailed records Studied large numbers of offspring

Select all of the characteristics of Huntington disease Abnormally shaped red blood cells Usually manifests during itself during middle age of life of the individual Autosomal dominant condition Defective chloride channels in plasma membranes Neurological disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of brain cells

Usually manifests during itself during middle age of life of the individual Autosomal dominant condition Neurological disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of brain cells

Jim has type AB blood. To have type AB blood he inherited an "A" allele from one parent and a "B" allele from the other parent. This is an example of

codominance

In polygenic inheritance each ______ allele has a quantitative effect on the phenotype and as such the effects are additive

dominant

A person who suffers from phenylketonuria (PKU) is unable to process phenylalanine because of a dysfunctional _______, a protein that is encoded by their DNA

enzyme

Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) express half the normal number of LDL-cholesterol receptors. This is an example of Codominance Recessive inheritance Incomplete dominance Complete dominance

incomplete dominance

Mendel bred an unknown plant displaying a dominant phenotype with an individual showing the recessive phenotype; then, he analyzed the offspring to determine the unknown genotype. This experiment is called a(n)

tescross