Chapter 24

How many people were killed at Auschwitz during its period in operation?

1.1 million

How many people were killed in the other death camps?

2 million

After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, how was Polish territory divided?

3 zones; 2 to Germany 1 to Russia

How many people were killed during the Second World War?

70 million

Who led communist resistance to the Ustasha in Yugoslavia and ultimately liberated the country from the Germans in 1945?

Ante Pavelic

Hitler wanted to create a new order in Europe run by the supposedly pureblooded ancestors of the Germans known as the Aryans.

Aryan

The German invasion of the Soviet Union began on June 22, 1941 and was known as Operation Barbarossa.

Barbarossa

The end of the "Phony War" of 1939-40 came with the German invasion of which two nations in Western Europe?

Belgium and Netherlands

Which Asian region experienced 3 million deaths during the war-induced famine of 1943-44?

Bengal

Which British general achieved victory over German and Italian forces in Northern Africa?

Bernard Montgomery

What new military strategy did the Nazis introduce during their invasion of Poland and how did it work?

Blitzekrieg; overwhelming with dive bombers, tanks and motorized infantry in a quick attack

Which nations comprised the Allied Powers during the early years of World War II?

Britain, France, and Poland

After the fall of France, many French officials escaped to North Africa where they established a "Free French" government under the leadership of __________________________.

Charles de Gaulle

Which wartime Balkan state produced the Ustasha, a fascist organization that had its own plan to solve the "Serbian question"?

Croatia

After annexing Austria in 1938, Hitler then turned his attention toward territory in which neighboring state?

Czechoslovakia

In March 1939, Hitler violated the terms of the Munich Conference and annexed the remaining territories of _______________________.

Czechoslovakia

Which German doctor is infamously known for his medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners?

Dr. Josef Mengle

Winston Churchill and the British engineered a massive rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk in northern France in 1940.

Dunkirk

Who was present at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 and what important decisions were made?

England, USSR, USA; dividing germany and austria, USSR to join United Nations

What factors convinced the United States to drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945?

Estimated the invasion of japn would cost hundreds of thousands of lives and decided to drop the bombs to end the war

What European nation was attacked and defeated by the Soviets during the Winter War of 1939-1940?

Finland

Which nations comprised the alliance known as the Axis Powers?

Germans, Italians, Japanese, Hungarians, Romanians, and Bulgarians

Which Balkan country was stripped of food and resources by the Germans after their conquest, leading to widespread starvation and misery?

Greece

Which nation successfully repulsed an Italian invasion in October 1940?

Greece

Which other European authoritarian state benefited territorially from Hitler's breaking apart of Czechoslovakia in March 1939?

Hungary

Which part of Europe did British and American forces invade first beginning in July 1943?

Italy

Who was targeted by the Nazis during Kristallnacht, or The Night of the Broken Glass in 1938?

Jews in the burning of synagogues and destroyal of jewish owned businesses

In March 1940, soviets executed 20,000 Polish military officers, teachers, and businessmen in an event known as the Katyn Forrest Massacre.

Katyn Forrest

Why did the Germans employ millions of Europeans as forced slave laborers?

Kept middle-class women at home and allowed food prices to stay down-provided supplies for war

Which Soviet city was encircled and besieged for 872 days, during which nearly 4 million of its residents died?

Leningrad

What Chinese province did Japan invade in 1931?

Manchuria

Which battle was the initial turning point in the Pacific campaign of the war?

Midway

To address Hitler's demand for control over the Sudetenland, a meeting was scheduled in September 1938, known as the _______________ Conference. What decisions were made at the conference?

Munich; Sudenland was given to Hitler

In 1937, which Chinese city was conquered in a ferocious Japanese attack that resulted in hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths?

Nanjing

Where did Allied forces under General Dwight Eisenhower attack on D-Day, June 6, 1944?

Nazi occupied france

24 high-ranking Nazis were put on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials in November 1945 and twelve received the death penalty.

Nuremberg

What event in December 1941 led to U.S. intervention in World War II?

Pearl Harbor

Where were most extermination camps used by the Nazis in the Holocaust located?

Poland

World War II began on September 1, 1939 when German forces invaded what eastern European country?

Poland

What groups were targeted by the Germans for execution after their occupation of western Poland

Polish leaders non jews or jews, the educated, christian leaders, mental institutions

Which eastern European nation joined the Axis out of fear of being invaded and partitioned by the Soviet Union?

Romania

Who did Hitler place in charge of the German campaign in Northern Africa?

Rommel

Which country's wartime military included women in front line combat roles and in air defense units?

Russia's Red Army

Who were the Einsatzgruppen and why were they significant? What methods did the Einsatzgruppen employ to exterminate their victims?

SS army assigned to kill any jews found or communists; forced them to dig their own graves and then shot them so they fell into them

What happened to Hitler on April 30, 1945?

Shot himself in his bunker and his bodygaurd burned his body

Which battle in the Soviet Union during the winter of 1942-1943 helped turn the tide of war against the Nazis?

Stalingrad

What are the nine months of intense German bombardment of Britain that lasted from August 1940 to May 1941 known as?

The blitz

What was the main purpose of the four-year plan that Hitler developed in 1936?

To get ready for war

Why did the Nazis shift to the use of extermination camps beginning in October 1941?

To kill Jews faster and cause less psychological distress on germane perpetrators

What was the Non-Aggression pact between Hitler and Stalin in 1939 and why was it significant?

Treaty between russia and germany allowed soviets free hand in finland baltic nations, eastern poland and free reign for germans in central europe and western poland; russians sent germany large supplies and gave them time to build a empire

In areas of southern France, the Nazis allowed the French to establish a moderate form of self-government known as __________ France under the leadership of ________________________.

Vichy; Petain

The most famous Nazi collaborator in World War II was the Norwegian Vidkun Quisling, who did his best to set up a Nazi puppet state in Norway.

Vidkun Quisling

Who was present at the Potsdam Conference in February 1945 and what important decisions were made?

WWR given eastern Poland, and poland be given eastern germany, expluse ethnic germans from USSR + eastern + central Europe, denazification and trials of war criminals

What German conference in 1942 helped lay explicit plans for "the final solution to the Jewish question"?

Wannsee Conference

Where did the Nazis resettle ethnic Germans repatriated from other parts of Europe as part of SS racial policies?

Weimar Germany + Austria

Which eastern European nation liberated itself without the help of the Soviet Red Army?

Yugoslavia liberated itself, but poland failed to

Allied decoding of the Enigma machine in 1940 gave them a crucial advantage for the rest of the war in which area?

able to decipher Hitler's message regarding his secret plans

What factors contributed to Allied success during the D-Day invasion?

aircraft dominance that allowed for a successful landing of troops on the beaches of Normandy, France

What was the Lend-Lease Agreement and why was it significant?

americans lend Britain vital armaments with payments deferred until after the war

What were some of the important technological innovations during World War II?

atomic weapons, medical experiments (Atmospheric pressure and the human body, twins), antibiotics (penicillin)

What was the Manhattan Project and why was it significant?

creation of atomic bomb by U.S.

How did European colonies in Asia and Africa assist the Allied powers during World War II?

fought in armies, made supplies; Burma road

What factors led to aggressive Japanese expansion in the 1930s?

great depression, population boom and idea that Japanese were the superior race for winning Russo-Japanese war

Who were the White Rose and how did they resist the Nazis? What happened to them?

group that passed out leaflets detailed Nazi atrocities; were gullotined

What was Operation Valkyrie and why was it significant?

high ranking members of the army plotted to kill hitler in 1944 and failed. All killed, except Rommel who committed suicide

Who was the target of Nazi Germany's murderous T-4 euthanasia campaign?

mentally and physically handicapped people

Why did Hitler move to invade Scandinavia in April 1940? Which nations in the area fell under Nazi control?

natural resources; Danmark, Norway,

What section of France came under direct German rule?

northern

During 1940 and 1941, what policy did the Nazis employ toward Poland's Jewish population?

placed into ghettoes

How did the international community respond to Kristallnacht and who did Hitler blame for the violence of the Night of the Broken Glass?

protest and condemnation; blamed the jews for the violent actions his regime was taking against them

What technology greatly aided British defenders during the Battle of Britain by locating incoming German aircraft?

radar

What technology proved crucial in the dissemination of propaganda during the Second World War?

radio

What was the Atlantic Charter and why was it significant?

right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live" and declared that changes in borders ought to occur only in accordance with "the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; laid the foundations of British-American alliance

What does Primo Levi's Survival in Auschwitz reveal about conditions in the Nazi's most notorious death camp?

told victims weren't human, starvation, mechanized death

How did the Soviets initially respond to the German invasion?

took them days to respond; surprised invasion was so soon