Chapter 24
How many people were killed at Auschwitz during its period in operation?
1.1 million
How many people were killed in the other death camps?
2 million
After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, how was Polish territory divided?
3 zones; 2 to Germany 1 to Russia
How many people were killed during the Second World War?
70 million
Who led communist resistance to the Ustasha in Yugoslavia and ultimately liberated the country from the Germans in 1945?
Ante Pavelic
Hitler wanted to create a new order in Europe run by the supposedly pureblooded ancestors of the Germans known as the Aryans.
Aryan
The German invasion of the Soviet Union began on June 22, 1941 and was known as Operation Barbarossa.
Barbarossa
The end of the "Phony War" of 1939-40 came with the German invasion of which two nations in Western Europe?
Belgium and Netherlands
Which Asian region experienced 3 million deaths during the war-induced famine of 1943-44?
Bengal
Which British general achieved victory over German and Italian forces in Northern Africa?
Bernard Montgomery
What new military strategy did the Nazis introduce during their invasion of Poland and how did it work?
Blitzekrieg; overwhelming with dive bombers, tanks and motorized infantry in a quick attack
Which nations comprised the Allied Powers during the early years of World War II?
Britain, France, and Poland
After the fall of France, many French officials escaped to North Africa where they established a "Free French" government under the leadership of __________________________.
Charles de Gaulle
Which wartime Balkan state produced the Ustasha, a fascist organization that had its own plan to solve the "Serbian question"?
Croatia
After annexing Austria in 1938, Hitler then turned his attention toward territory in which neighboring state?
Czechoslovakia
In March 1939, Hitler violated the terms of the Munich Conference and annexed the remaining territories of _______________________.
Czechoslovakia
Which German doctor is infamously known for his medical experiments on concentration camp prisoners?
Dr. Josef Mengle
Winston Churchill and the British engineered a massive rescue of Allied forces at Dunkirk in northern France in 1940.
Dunkirk
Who was present at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 and what important decisions were made?
England, USSR, USA; dividing germany and austria, USSR to join United Nations
What factors convinced the United States to drop atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945?
Estimated the invasion of japn would cost hundreds of thousands of lives and decided to drop the bombs to end the war
What European nation was attacked and defeated by the Soviets during the Winter War of 1939-1940?
Finland
Which nations comprised the alliance known as the Axis Powers?
Germans, Italians, Japanese, Hungarians, Romanians, and Bulgarians
Which Balkan country was stripped of food and resources by the Germans after their conquest, leading to widespread starvation and misery?
Greece
Which nation successfully repulsed an Italian invasion in October 1940?
Greece
Which other European authoritarian state benefited territorially from Hitler's breaking apart of Czechoslovakia in March 1939?
Hungary
Which part of Europe did British and American forces invade first beginning in July 1943?
Italy
Who was targeted by the Nazis during Kristallnacht, or The Night of the Broken Glass in 1938?
Jews in the burning of synagogues and destroyal of jewish owned businesses
In March 1940, soviets executed 20,000 Polish military officers, teachers, and businessmen in an event known as the Katyn Forrest Massacre.
Katyn Forrest
Why did the Germans employ millions of Europeans as forced slave laborers?
Kept middle-class women at home and allowed food prices to stay down-provided supplies for war
Which Soviet city was encircled and besieged for 872 days, during which nearly 4 million of its residents died?
Leningrad
What Chinese province did Japan invade in 1931?
Manchuria
Which battle was the initial turning point in the Pacific campaign of the war?
Midway
To address Hitler's demand for control over the Sudetenland, a meeting was scheduled in September 1938, known as the _______________ Conference. What decisions were made at the conference?
Munich; Sudenland was given to Hitler
In 1937, which Chinese city was conquered in a ferocious Japanese attack that resulted in hundreds of thousands of civilian deaths?
Nanjing
Where did Allied forces under General Dwight Eisenhower attack on D-Day, June 6, 1944?
Nazi occupied france
24 high-ranking Nazis were put on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg trials in November 1945 and twelve received the death penalty.
Nuremberg
What event in December 1941 led to U.S. intervention in World War II?
Pearl Harbor
Where were most extermination camps used by the Nazis in the Holocaust located?
Poland
World War II began on September 1, 1939 when German forces invaded what eastern European country?
Poland
What groups were targeted by the Germans for execution after their occupation of western Poland
Polish leaders non jews or jews, the educated, christian leaders, mental institutions
Which eastern European nation joined the Axis out of fear of being invaded and partitioned by the Soviet Union?
Romania
Who did Hitler place in charge of the German campaign in Northern Africa?
Rommel
Which country's wartime military included women in front line combat roles and in air defense units?
Russia's Red Army
Who were the Einsatzgruppen and why were they significant? What methods did the Einsatzgruppen employ to exterminate their victims?
SS army assigned to kill any jews found or communists; forced them to dig their own graves and then shot them so they fell into them
What happened to Hitler on April 30, 1945?
Shot himself in his bunker and his bodygaurd burned his body
Which battle in the Soviet Union during the winter of 1942-1943 helped turn the tide of war against the Nazis?
Stalingrad
What are the nine months of intense German bombardment of Britain that lasted from August 1940 to May 1941 known as?
The blitz
What was the main purpose of the four-year plan that Hitler developed in 1936?
To get ready for war
Why did the Nazis shift to the use of extermination camps beginning in October 1941?
To kill Jews faster and cause less psychological distress on germane perpetrators
What was the Non-Aggression pact between Hitler and Stalin in 1939 and why was it significant?
Treaty between russia and germany allowed soviets free hand in finland baltic nations, eastern poland and free reign for germans in central europe and western poland; russians sent germany large supplies and gave them time to build a empire
In areas of southern France, the Nazis allowed the French to establish a moderate form of self-government known as __________ France under the leadership of ________________________.
Vichy; Petain
The most famous Nazi collaborator in World War II was the Norwegian Vidkun Quisling, who did his best to set up a Nazi puppet state in Norway.
Vidkun Quisling
Who was present at the Potsdam Conference in February 1945 and what important decisions were made?
WWR given eastern Poland, and poland be given eastern germany, expluse ethnic germans from USSR + eastern + central Europe, denazification and trials of war criminals
What German conference in 1942 helped lay explicit plans for "the final solution to the Jewish question"?
Wannsee Conference
Where did the Nazis resettle ethnic Germans repatriated from other parts of Europe as part of SS racial policies?
Weimar Germany + Austria
Which eastern European nation liberated itself without the help of the Soviet Red Army?
Yugoslavia liberated itself, but poland failed to
Allied decoding of the Enigma machine in 1940 gave them a crucial advantage for the rest of the war in which area?
able to decipher Hitler's message regarding his secret plans
What factors contributed to Allied success during the D-Day invasion?
aircraft dominance that allowed for a successful landing of troops on the beaches of Normandy, France
What was the Lend-Lease Agreement and why was it significant?
americans lend Britain vital armaments with payments deferred until after the war
What were some of the important technological innovations during World War II?
atomic weapons, medical experiments (Atmospheric pressure and the human body, twins), antibiotics (penicillin)
What was the Manhattan Project and why was it significant?
creation of atomic bomb by U.S.
How did European colonies in Asia and Africa assist the Allied powers during World War II?
fought in armies, made supplies; Burma road
What factors led to aggressive Japanese expansion in the 1930s?
great depression, population boom and idea that Japanese were the superior race for winning Russo-Japanese war
Who were the White Rose and how did they resist the Nazis? What happened to them?
group that passed out leaflets detailed Nazi atrocities; were gullotined
What was Operation Valkyrie and why was it significant?
high ranking members of the army plotted to kill hitler in 1944 and failed. All killed, except Rommel who committed suicide
Who was the target of Nazi Germany's murderous T-4 euthanasia campaign?
mentally and physically handicapped people
Why did Hitler move to invade Scandinavia in April 1940? Which nations in the area fell under Nazi control?
natural resources; Danmark, Norway,
What section of France came under direct German rule?
northern
During 1940 and 1941, what policy did the Nazis employ toward Poland's Jewish population?
placed into ghettoes
How did the international community respond to Kristallnacht and who did Hitler blame for the violence of the Night of the Broken Glass?
protest and condemnation; blamed the jews for the violent actions his regime was taking against them
What technology greatly aided British defenders during the Battle of Britain by locating incoming German aircraft?
radar
What technology proved crucial in the dissemination of propaganda during the Second World War?
radio
What was the Atlantic Charter and why was it significant?
right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live" and declared that changes in borders ought to occur only in accordance with "the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; laid the foundations of British-American alliance
What does Primo Levi's Survival in Auschwitz reveal about conditions in the Nazi's most notorious death camp?
told victims weren't human, starvation, mechanized death
How did the Soviets initially respond to the German invasion?
took them days to respond; surprised invasion was so soon
