Chapter 24 AP Euro Study Guide

All of the following precipitated European imperial expansion into Africa and Asia at the end of the 19th century EXCEPT

An increasing influence of laissez-faire doctrines.

Social darwinism was

Applying the ideas of Darwin to society.

The 1856 Hatt-i Humayun, the most far-reaching Turkish reform edict of the century, did all of the following EXCEPT

Establish a turkish parliament.

By 1900, the only areas of Africa not controlled by European states were

Ethiopia and Liberia

J.A. Hobson and V.I. Lenin ascribed imperialism primarily to

Europes accumulation of surplus capitalism.

While by 1914 the Dutch controlled most of the 3,000 mile long Indonesian archipelago, in 1815 they had effectively ruled

Java and a chain of scattered trading posts elsewhere.

In Foundations of the 19th century, Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

Lead the western culture.

Europe's imperial expansion led to the creation of "protectorates" in which the European power

Maintained the local rulers in power and guaranteed them against internal upheaval and external conquest

Inquiry into the disintegrative process within atoms became a central theme in the new physics in part due to the experimental work of

Marie and Pierre Curie on radium and radiation.

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the superego is the center of our

Morals, inhibitions, and conscience

Experimental work of early 20th century physicists challenged and ultimately invalidated

Newton's rational, mechanical conception of the universe.

Omdurman and Khartoum are noted battle sites on what river?

Nile River.

Who said "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections."

Otto von Bismarck.

The Indian Mutiny persuaded Britain to embrace a radically new course of policy which did NOT include

Promotion of native Indian languages.

In Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the unconscious is known as

Repression, or the blocking out of anxiety-filled experiences and (2) phylogenetic endowment, or inherited experiences that lie beyond an individual's personal experience.

Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese War indirectly led to the

Revolution of 1905.

With the exception of Great Britain, European nations placed their foreign investments

Russia and Persia.

The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians.

In Africa and Asia, the "new imperialism" of the late 19th century differed from the older imperialism because the new imperialism

Sought political and territorial domination.

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the

Subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.

Which revolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu Dynasty in 1912?

Sun Yat-Sen

Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

Surrealism.

The first professional occupation to be opened to women was

Teaching.

Which of the following can be attributed to William Booth?

The salvation army of London.

Nietzsche worried that

The world is being increasingly consumed by nihilism, the abandonment of all beliefs. "society was decadent and incapable of any real cultural creativity, primarily because of its excessive emphasis on the rational faculty at the expense of emotions, passions, and interests."

The Pan German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home.

In his encyclical De Rerum Novarum, Pope Leo XIII

asserted that much in socialism was Christian in principle.

The Meiji Restoration in Japan

created a political system democratic in form but rigidly authoritarian in practice and sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political and military organization.

Japan defeated Russia in the 1904-05 war by

decisively defeating the Russian army and navy.

The Battle of Adowa between Italians and Ethiopians

discouraged the colonization of Ethiopia for forty years.

The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations making war more likely.

Britain's Fabian Socialists

favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.

British rule brought all of the following to India in the late 19th century EXCEPT

political democracy.

The policy of the Dutch in their East Indies colony favoring instruction in native languages

preserved native cultures from westernizing disintegration.

Growing tensions in modern Germany society were exemplified by the

proliferation of ultra-nationalistic right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist, and imperialist beliefs.

America's policy in China, the "Open Door' meant that

the US supported the territorial integrity of China and Americans wished equal success to the Chinese market for all foreign businessmen and the US wanted to maintain Chinese independence.

After winning the Spanish-American War, the U.S. ANNEXED outright these areas from Spain:

the Philippine Islands and Puerto Rico.

The British occupation of Egypt in 1881 was triggered by

the overthrow of the Egyptian government by Arab nationalists, an event that seemed to threaten the lives of Europeans in Alexandria.

Ernest Renan argued that

the post-resurrection "appearances" of the Lord were merely the result of ardent expectations, combined with excited nerves, on the part of Jesus' followers.

By 1914 Britain had accomplished what regarding its imperial activities?

"By 1914, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Portugal had carved up the entire African Continent" (Pg. 763, left side, second paragraph) Also, they had a lot of land in both Africa and Asia, with spheres of influence also in Asia.

______ wanted to build a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo.

Cecil Rhodes.

The "open door" policy was to allow more freedom of trade in so-called spheres of influence in

China.

The event which best exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late 19th century was the

Dreyfus affair.

In general, by the late 19th century, the worst treatment of Jews occurred in

Eastern Europe.

The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.

In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

House of Lords.

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer Argued that

Human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments.

Camille Pissarro should be associated with

Impressionism

The greatest difference between naturalism and realism in literature was

In general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.

The 1878 Congress of Berlin resolved the crisis posed by a Russo-Turkish war with all of the following measures EXCEPT

It gave independence to Greece and Albania.

All of the following were consequences of the Russo-Japanese War EXCEPT

Japan annexed Manchuria and a strip of northern China.

The new European imperialists

Transformed large elements of the local population into wage-earners.

The Russian navy was dispatched from this body of water by Tsar Nicholas to fight in the Russo-Japanese war.

Tsushima strait.

"Spheres of influence" gave the European powers

Vague advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.

Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement

advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

The Fashoda crisis of 1898 was significant in that

it was a British diplomatic triumph, blocking a French empire in Africa from east to west.

Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under David Lloyd George was

passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers.

The western powers imposed on China the "treaty system" which did NOT include

subjecting foreigners to Chinese law.

The Opium War of 1841 between China and Britain was fought because

the Chinese wanted to control the inflow of opium.

In 1908, Abdul Hamid II was overthrown by

the Young Turks.

The economic impetus for the Boer War (1899-1902) was

the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Transvaal.

Modernism in music included all of the following elements except

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.

The initiative for Russian expansion in Asia resumed circa 1850 came primarily from

the government

The basis of the Bismarckian System was

the isolation of France through a series of military alliances.

Europeans attempted to defend the Manchu empire against internal opposition because

they needed a government with which they could make treaties.

Which of the following was NOT an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables."

As a result of European imperialism, after 1900 Persia

was partitioned, with a British "sphere of influence" in the south, and a Russian sphere in the north.

The Congo Free State established in 1885

was the personal possession of Leopold II of Belgium.

During the 19th century, Jews

were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions.