Fluid electrolyte and acid base balance DSM
estrogens are chemically similar to ____ and enhance NaCl reabsorption by the renal tubules
aldosterone
the condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as
hyponatremia
all of the following would cause edema except
hypotension
most water is excreted via the
kidneys
ADH acts on _____ to _____ water excretion
kidneys; decrease
the largest % of body water is located in what compartment
intracellular fluid
diuresis peaks ____ after drinking water
one hour
in addisons disease, the adrenal cortex produces too little aldosterone, and so Na is lost. People with this disorder often crave
salty foods
the only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is
Na
which of the following tissues is the least hydrated
adipose tissue
what happens when the concentration of Na decreases in the ascending limb of the nephron
aldosterone levels increase
edema
an atypical fluid accumulation in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling
hyperkalemia
an excess amount of potassium in the ECF
which of the following individuals would have the most body water
an infant
which of the following is not a stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone
decreased Na concentration in plasma
parathyroid hormone
enhances release of calcium from bone
select the nonelectrolyte
glucose
all of the following factors would stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center except
hypotonic extracellular fluid
which of the following is associated with swelling of cells
hypotonic hydration
Water lost through expired air is referred to as __________.
insensible water loss
Edema is accumulation of fluid in the ____________.
interstitial space
magnesium
least abundant positive electrolyte in extracellular fluid
sodium
major extracellular cation
chloride
most abundant negative electrolyte in extracellular fluid
potassium
most abundant positive electrolyte in intracellular fluid
which of the following is the most important process affected by calcium levels
neuromuscular excitability
all of the following would occur if there was an increase in plasma osmolarity except
production of large amounts of urine
which of the following would increase sodium excretion
progesterone
hyponatremia
promotes net osmosis into tissue cells, causing them to swell as they become abnormally hydrated
Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.
salts
the most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is
sodium
hyponatremia is a condition
that results from solute loss, water retention, or both
the most important factor that influences K secretion is
the concentration of K in the ECF
a major source of water loss from the body is
urine
hypocalcemia
vitamin d deficiency can be a cause
dehydration
when water output exceeds intake over a period of time
