Fluid electrolyte and acid base balance DSM

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estrogens are chemically similar to ____ and enhance NaCl reabsorption by the renal tubules

aldosterone

the condition in which sodium levels are too low is referred to as

hyponatremia

all of the following would cause edema except

hypotension

most water is excreted via the

kidneys

ADH acts on _____ to _____ water excretion

kidneys; decrease

the largest % of body water is located in what compartment

intracellular fluid

diuresis peaks ____ after drinking water

one hour

in addisons disease, the adrenal cortex produces too little aldosterone, and so Na is lost. People with this disorder often crave

salty foods

the only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is

Na

which of the following tissues is the least hydrated

adipose tissue

what happens when the concentration of Na decreases in the ascending limb of the nephron

aldosterone levels increase

edema

an atypical fluid accumulation in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling

hyperkalemia

an excess amount of potassium in the ECF

which of the following individuals would have the most body water

an infant

which of the following is not a stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone

decreased Na concentration in plasma

parathyroid hormone

enhances release of calcium from bone

select the nonelectrolyte

glucose

all of the following factors would stimulate the hypothalamic thirst center except

hypotonic extracellular fluid

which of the following is associated with swelling of cells

hypotonic hydration

Water lost through expired air is referred to as __________.

insensible water loss

Edema is accumulation of fluid in the ____________.

interstitial space

magnesium

least abundant positive electrolyte in extracellular fluid

sodium

major extracellular cation

chloride

most abundant negative electrolyte in extracellular fluid

potassium

most abundant positive electrolyte in intracellular fluid

which of the following is the most important process affected by calcium levels

neuromuscular excitability

all of the following would occur if there was an increase in plasma osmolarity except

production of large amounts of urine

which of the following would increase sodium excretion

progesterone

hyponatremia

promotes net osmosis into tissue cells, causing them to swell as they become abnormally hydrated

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

salts

the most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is

sodium

hyponatremia is a condition

that results from solute loss, water retention, or both

the most important factor that influences K secretion is

the concentration of K in the ECF

a major source of water loss from the body is

urine

hypocalcemia

vitamin d deficiency can be a cause

dehydration

when water output exceeds intake over a period of time


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