Chapter 24 - API
A particular type of anemia can occur because of the inability to absorb a specific B vitamin. Which of the following is a gastric condition that would be associated with this anemia? A) achlorhydria B) cholecystitis C) hepatitis D) duodenal ulcers
A
Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose. A) Glycogenolysis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Glycogenesis D) Glycolysis
A
During ketosis caused by inadequate ingestion of carbohydrates, _______. A) the glycogen content of the liver is reduced B) the pH of the urine is elevated C) homeostatic mechanisms effectively increase the concentration of the blood's carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer system D) All of the listed responses are correct.
A
In India, rice is a large part of the diet. Lack of which vitamin in rice would lead to higher levels of blindness in this population? A) vitamin A B) vitamin E C) vitamin C D) vitamin D
A
In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) production of energy B) formation of functional molecules like hemoglobin and cytochromes C) production of some hormones D) production of enzymes, clotting factors, and antibodies
A
Prostaglandins play a role in ______. A) control of blood pressure B) skeletal muscle contraction C) noninflammatory responses D) control of blood volume
A
Select the correct statement about proteins. A) Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested. B) Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids. C) Catabolic steroids (hormones) accelerate the rate of protein synthesis. D) All proteins can be synthesized in the body if most of the amino acids are present.
A
Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids.. A) Lipogenesis B) Lipolysis C) Beta oxidation D) Ketogenesis
A
The movement of H+ through the ATP synthase is best described as an example of __________. A) facilitated diffusion B) simple diffusion C) hydrolysis D) active transport
A
The term metabolism is best defined as ________. A) the sum of all biochemical reactions in the body B) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats C) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day D) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories
A
Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient? A) ATP B) carbohydrates C) vitamins D) minerals
A
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A) oxidative phosphorylation B) oxidation reactions C) substrate-level phosphorylation D) lactic acid production
A
__________ is the conversion of acetyl CoA into ketone bodies. A) Ketogenesis B) Beta oxidation C) Lipolysis D) Lipogenesis
A
Which nutrient molecule CANNOT be used in the oxidative pathways? A) protein B) cholesterol C) fatty acids D) glucose
B
Which of the following is correct? A) Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway. B) Each FADH2 yields about 1.5 ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. C) Most ATP from cellular respiration are produced directly in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle. D) Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
B
Which of the following pathways act as a source for the electrons carried by the NADH and FADH2 molecules shown in this figure? A) glycolysis B) both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle C) the citric acid cycle D) neither glycolysis nor the citric acid cycle
B
Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. A) ketone bodies are formed B) structural proteins are used as a potential energy source C) carbohydrate utilization increases D) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones
D
Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid. A) Glycogenolysis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Glycogenesis D) Glycolysis
D
Cholesterol, though it is NOT an energy molecule, has importance in the body because it _______. A) helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs B) enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered C) helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation D) is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones
D
Formation of ketone bodies. A) Lipogenesis B) Lipolysis C) Beta oxidation D) Ketogenesis
D
Glucose can be obtained from ________. A) lipogenesis B) triglyceride anabolism C) protein anabolism D) glycogenolysis
D
It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because ________. A) very few foods contain vitamins B) vitamins provide protection against the common cold C) all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization D) most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients
D
Lipogenesis occurs when ________. A) there is a shortage of fatty acids B) glucose levels drop slightly C) excess proteins are transported through the cell membrane D) cellular ATP and glucose levels are high
D
Minerals required by the body in moderate amounts include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) calcium and phosphorus B) sodium and chlorine C) sulfur and potassium D) iron and selenium
D
The most abundant dietary lipids are ________. A) fatty acids B) cholesterol C) phospholipids D) triglycerides
D
Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? A) vitamin K B) vitamin D C) vitamin A D) vitamin B
D
Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? A) meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet B) derived from meat and fish only C) derived only from legumes and other plant material D) must contain all the body's amino acid requirements for tissue maintenance and growth
D
Formation of glucose from proteins or fats. A) Glycogenolysis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Glycogenesis D) Glycolysis
B
Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. A) glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water B) glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate molecules C) glycogen is formed D) glycogen is broken down to release glucose
B
Proton pumps within the electron transport chain transport H+ ions __________. A) from intermembrane space to cytoplasm B) from matrix to intermembrane space C) from cytoplasm to matrix D) from matrix to cytoplasm
B
Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. A) Lipogenesis B) Lipolysis C) Beta oxidation D) Ketogenesis
B
The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is ______. A) protein B) glucose C) acetyl CoA D) fat
B
When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________. A) amino acids B) fatty acids C) glycogen D) lactic acid
B
At the conclusion of glycolysis, most of glucose's chemical energy is found in the ________. A) NADH B) acetyl CoA C) pyruvic acid molecules D) ATP
C
Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups. A) Lipogenesis B) Lipolysis C) Beta oxidation D) Ketogenesis
C
Red blood cells lack mitochondria. As a result, ATP production is solely through ________. A) citric acid (Krebs) cycle B) electron transport chain C) glycolysis D) aerobic respiration
C
Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen. A) Glycogenolysis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Glycogenesis D) Glycolysis
C
The primary function of cellular respiration is to ________. A) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body B) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body C) break down food molecules and generate ATP D) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals
C
Which of the following does NOT occur in the mitochondria? A) electron transport B) citric acid (Krebs) cycle C) glycolysis D) formation of malic acid from fumaric acid
C
Which of the following is a source of complex carbohydrates? A) fruit juice B) soda C) potatoes D) pudding
C
Which of the following nutrients is NOT matched with its use in the body? A) vitamins: act as coenzymes B) lipids: major energy source for skeletal muscle and hepatocytes C)carbohydrates: hormones D) proteins: structural materials in the body
C
T/F A growing child is likely to exhibit negative nitrogen balance.
F
T/F Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.
F
T/F Glycogen accounts for 80-85% of stored energy in the body.
F
T/F For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.
T
T/F Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.
T
T/F Glycogenesis occurs when ATP levels are high and glucose is abundant.
T
T/F It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.
T
T/F The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by their age, size, metabolic rate, and the need to build new proteins (whether the body is in positive nitrogen balance).
T
T/F The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.
T