Chapter 24 Digestive System

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) ascending colon (2) descending colon (3) sigmoid colon (4) transverse colon 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 4, 2, 3 2, 3, 1, 4 2, 4, 1, 3 1, 4, 3, 2

1, 4, 2, 3

Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption 3, 4, 2, 1 1, 4, 3, 2 4, 1, 2, 3 3, 4, 1, 2 3, 1, 4, 2

3, 1, 4, 2

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder. (1) common bile duct (2) common hepatic duct (3) cystic duct (4) left and right hepatic ducts 3, 4, 2 3, 2, 1 4, 2, 1 4, 1, 2 1, 4, 2

4, 2, 1

Functions of the liver include production of many blood proteins. interconversion of nutrients. detoxification of harmful chemicals. bile production. All of these are functions of the liver.

All of these are functions of the liver

Why does the superior part of the esophagus contain skeletal muscle instead of smooth muscle? The first phase of swallowing is under involuntary control. The second phase of swallowing is under voluntary control. The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control. The second phase of swallowing is under involuntary control.

The first phase of swallowing is under voluntary control.

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true? The head of the pancreas lies in the curvature of the ileum. The pancreatic duct carries both enzymes and hormones. The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas assists the stomach in the absorption of digested food. The pancreas digests sugar.

The pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes.

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself? The stomach wall lacks proteins so enzymes won't attack it. The digestive enzymes in the stomach aren't efficient enough. The stomach lining is too tough to be digested. The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus. The stomach is protected by HCl.

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

The enteric nervous system acts independently of the CNS to control local reflexes in the digestive tract. True False

True

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in mastication of food. absorption of food. elimination of undigested food. propulsion of food through the digestive tract. mixing of food.

absorption of food

The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is secretion. peristalsis. chemical digestion. absorption.

absorption.

The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach. exchange of sodium ions for hydrogen ions in the transport process. active transport of chloride ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach. exchange of sodium and bicarbonate ions. the combination of carbon dioxide and water.

active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.

Teeth in adults are replaced by osteoblast activity if they are extracted. are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw. are all of the same type - molars. are composed of living cells called enamel cells. do not play a role in speech.

are distributed so that there is one canine tooth in each half jaw.

What muscle forms the cheeks? buccinator muscle orbicularis oculi muscle orbicularis oris zygomaticus muscles

buccinator muscle

Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad? hepatic artery hepatic duct hepatic portal vein central vein

central vein

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the _____ phase. cephalic gastric intestinal pancreatic conscious

cephalic

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue? sticking the tongue out moving the tongue side to side changing the tongue shape during swallowing retracting the tongue

changing the tongue shape during swallowing

What is the main stimulus for bile secretion from the gallbladder? cholecystokinin vagal stimulation secretin large amounts of protein in the chyme

cholecystokinin

Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent pancreatic juice from entering the duodenum. bile from entering the duodenum. lymph from entering the jejunum. chyme from entering the ileum. chyme from entering the large intestine.

chyme from entering the large intestine.

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called bolusin. chyme. bile. phlegm. feces.

chyme.

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct with the lacteals. greater duodenal papilla with the lesser duodenal papilla. common bile duct and pancreatic duct. cystic duct and interlobular duct. hepatic ducts and cystic ducts.

common bile duct and pancreatic duct.

The enteric plexus is found in the mucosa. consists of the myenteric plexus and the celiac plexus. contains sympathetic neurons and fibers. controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract. is a valve in the GI tract.

controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent food from entering the stomach. stomach acid from being released. digestive enzymes from being released. food from entering the small intestine. the making of chyme.

food from entering the small intestine.

Inflammation of the stomach mucosa in the area superior to the pyloric sphincter is most appropriately referred to as esophagitis. a duodenal ulcer. a hiatal hernia. gastric ulcer. indigestion.

gastric ulcer.

Inflammation of the gums is called dental carries. pyorrhea. halitosis. gingivitus.

gingivitus.

Where is the uvula located? on the hard palate hanging in the fauces lateral walls of the fauces under the tongue

hanging in the fauces

Nutrient-rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the hepatic artery. hepatic portal vein. hepatic vein. inferior vena cava. celiac trunk.

hepatic portal vein.

What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach? jejunum duodenum ileum common bile duct hepatopancreatic ampulla

ileum

The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to liberate hormones. promote peristalsis. produce bile. increase surface area for absorption. stimulate chemical digestion.

increase surface area for absorption

Mastication increases the surface area of food particles. decreases the efficiency of digestion. occurs in both the mouth and stomach. is never under voluntary control. decreases the surface area of food particles.

increases the surface area of food particles.

Which digestive activity is NOT correctly matched to its location? killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach digestion of carbohydrates - mouth absorption of nutrients - small intestine production of mucus - esophagus

killing microorganisms with lysozyme - stomach

If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of the following classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate? amino acids glucose lipids disaccharides monosaccharides

lipids

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of carbohydrates. lipids. proteins. disaccharides. All of these choices are correct.

lipids.

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract? pharynx stomach liver large intestine

liver

The lips, cheek, and tongue all aid in speech and swallowing. mastication, speech, and swallowing. mastication and swallowing. mastication and sense of taste. deglutition and peristalsis.

mastication, speech, and swallowing.

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is submucosa, mucosa, serous membrane, muscularis. muscularis, lamina propria, submucosa, mucosa. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. peritoneum, submucosa, mucosa, lamina propria. submucosa, mucosa, adventitia, muscularis.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.

What are the two major neurotransmitters of the ENS in the digestive tract? epinephrine and serotonin epinephrine and norepinephrine acetylcholine and epinephrine norepinephrine and acetylcholine

norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function? mucous cells - produce intrinsic factor parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid chief cells - produce mucus endocrine cells - produce enzymes chief cells - produce hormones

parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the parotid glands. submandibular glands. buccal glands. labial glands. sublingual glands.

parotid glands.

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach? amylase and lipase pepsinogen and intrinsic factor bile and lipase trypsin and amylase bicarbonate and secretin

pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

What moves the bolus during the esophageal phase of deglutition? pharyngeal constriction peristalsis the tongue segmentation

peristalsis

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? crown - enamel root - root canal alveoli - periodontal ligament pulp cavity - cementum apical foramen - blood supply

pulp cavity - cementum

Reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of relaxation of the cardiac sphincter. contraction of the pyloric sphincter. spasms of the submucosal layer of the stomach wall. increased hydrochloric acid production by the parietal cells. increased amounts of mucous produced by the stomach.

relaxation of the cardiac sphincter

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be retroperitoneal. antiperitoneal. falciperitoneal. hyperperitoneal. mesoperitoneal.

retroperitoneal.

Which of the following components of saliva is mismatched with its function? mucin - lubricant lysozyme - antibacterial properties bicarbonate - neutralizes acid IgA - prevents infection salivary amylase - begins protein digestion

salivary amylase - begins protein digestion

Which of the following is NOT a type of propulsion in the digestive tract? peristalsis mass movement deglutition segmental contraction

segmental contraction

The gallbladder produces bile. is attached to the pancreas. stores bile. produces secretin. breaks down red blood cells.

stores bile.

Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur? the stomach and duodenum the duodenum and ileum the jejunum and duodenum the ileum and jejunum

the jejunum and duodenum

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate? pepsin - protein amylase - starch trypsin - nucleic acids lipase - fat deoxyribonucleases - DNA

trypsin - nucleic acids

Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the ____________ nerve. gastric cardiac vagus accessory

vagus