Chapter 24: World War 1
American soldier
"doughboy"
three reasons for US joining the war
-Lusitania attacked -Zimmerman Telegram -Russian revolution
four tensions leading up to WW1
-nationalism -militarism -alliances -imperialism
Woodrow Wilson
28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
the national War Labor Board pressured businesses to adopt the __________________ work day
8-hour
Czar
A Russian emperor
Bolsheviks
A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917
doughboys
A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.
Importance of battle of Argonne Forest
Allies break enemy line AKA: invade Germany
armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
US enters WW1 date
April 6, 1917
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.
which battle made it clear that neither side could win World War 1 quickly or easily
Battle of the Marne
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
site of the AEF's first significant combat
Chateau-Thierry
Herbert Hoover's ____________________________encouraged American farmers to produce more and the public to eat less
Food Administration
whose assassination sparked WW1
Franz and Sophie Ferdinand
headed the Committee of Public Information
George Creel
kaiser
German emperor
who voluntarily left office while Germany considered Wilson's armistice demands
German kaiser
U-boats
German submarines
which country did the Treaty of Versailles force to accept full responsibility for world War 1
Germany
Treaty of Versailles
Germany has to take full responsibility; give up some land; pay reparations; disarm military; June 28, 1919
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
which three countries made up the Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Who had the world's largest and strongest navy during WW1
Great Britain
which three countries made up the triple Entente
Great Britain, Russia, France
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened.
US Congressperson who voted against American entry into World War 1
Jeannette Rankin
Date for when WW1 begins
July 28, 1914
assassination date
June 28, 1914
Vladimir Lenin
Leader Russia's Bolshevik movement.
celebration of military ideals
Militarism
WW1 ends date
November 11, 1918
surrendered to the Allied Powers in 1918
Ottoman Empire
where was the 1919 international peace conference held
Paris, France
the Committee on ______________________________ promoted WW1 as a battle for democracy and freedom
Public Information
terms of the German armistice required Germany to withdraw all forces west of what
Rhine River
situation that lead to Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russia has revolution and wants to pull out of war. Sign treaty with Germany to get out and Germany gains land. (will be short answer on test)
Allied Power
Russia, USA, Britain, France, Italy, Japan,
which law was used by the US government to silence opposition to war
Sabotage Act
in 1918 the ________________made it a crime to criticize the United States government
Sedition
John J. Pershing
Supreme Commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
Gavrilo Princip
The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand; from Serbia; Serbia helping Bosnia
ended fighting between Germany and Russia
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
which country rejected the Treaty of Versailles in 1920
United States
Leader of the Bolsheviks
Vladimir Lenin
Sophie Ferdinand
Wife of Franz Ferdinand
Big Four plus countries they represent
Wilson-US George-Britain Orlando-Italy Clemenceau-France
Which intercepted document caused Americans to react angrily against the Germans in 1917?
Zimmerman Telegram
subject of the last of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
a League of Nations
nationalism
a feeling of intense loyalty to a country or group
revolution
a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.
autocracy
a government in which one person with unlimited power rules
convoys
a group of ships that escort and protect other ships
pacifists
a person who is opposed to the use of violence
socialists
a person wo believes industries should be publicly owned
stalemate
a situation in a conflict in which neither side can make progress against the other
alliance system
a system in which countries agree to defend each other
defense agreements among nations
alliance system
balance of power
an equality of power among different countries that discourages any group from acting aggressively
ended WW1
armistice
How did WW1 begin
assassination of Franz and Sophie Ferdinand
prevents a single nation from dominating the others
balance of power
Militarism
celebration of military ideals, and a rapid buildup of military power
what did President Wilson claim was endangered by the Central Powers of WW1
democracy
dissent
disagreement or opposition
an understanding among nations
entente
true or false: during World War 1 most Americans favored the Germans over the British
false: British over Germans
true or false: the United States remained neutral throughout World War 1
false: for the beginning of World War 1
Jeannette Rankin
first female congress member
"Heatless Mondays" and Daylight Savings Time were two methods the government used to save _________ during WW1
fuel
Espionage Act
get in trouble for spying
What ended President Wilson's speaking tour in support of the League of Nations?
he suffered a stroke
propaganda
information used to influence opinion
Selective Service Act
law requiring men to register for military service
rationing
limiting use
importance of the Battle of the Marne
long and difficult war
Importance of Battle of Verdun
longest and bloodiest battle
Sedition Act
made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the government
the gathering of resources in preparation for war
mobilization
Great Migration
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
describes people opposed to the use of violence
pacifists
reparations
payment for damages caused during a war
Sabatoge Act
penalized anyone who damaged or destroyed war supplies, property, or transport
Which new weapon or strategy did the Germans use against Allied troops beginning in April 1915?
poison gas
League of Nations
preserve peace and prevent war
which methods of dispensing information was used by both the Allies and the Central Powers to gain public support
propaganda
John J. Pershing
supreme commander of the AEF
which battle marked the biggest American attack in history
the Battle of Argonne Forest
what name is given to the northward relocation of African Americans during the years from 1914 to 1920
the Great Migration
German promise to warn neutral ships of impending attacks
the Sussex Pledge
mobilization
the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
national self-determination
the right of people to decide how they should be governed
true or false: Henry Johnson was the first American soldier awarded Frances Cross of War
true
true or false: the Russian monarchy was an example of an autocratic government
true
consumed
used
3 new war weapons used
zeppelin, poisonous gas, planes, tanks, U-boat, grenades