Chapter 25: Immunization and Vaccines

What is a major characteristic of adoptive immunotherapy? a. It involves the transfer of cells to deliver immunity. b. It involves the transfer of cytokines to deliver immunity. c. It can only occur in the presence of autologous cells. d. Its purpose is to increase the humoral immune response.

a. It involves the transfer of cells to deliver immunity.

Suppose an individual develops antibodies in response to a streptococcal pharyngitis infection. This is an example of a. active immunity. b. passive immunity. c. adoptive immunity. d. immunoprophylaxis.

a. active immunity.

Suppose a vaccine was available in two forms: attenuated and inactivated. What is an advantage of the attenuated form? a. It can be used in immunocompromised patients. b. It induces both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. c. There is no interference of the immune response in infants by maternal antibodies. d. It does not require special handling and storage to maintain its effectiveness.

b. It induces both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

What was one of the major contributions of Louis Pasteur to vaccine development? a. Development of the smallpox vaccine b. Use of attenuated microorganisms in vaccines c. Inactivation of bacterial toxins for vaccines d. Discovery of recombinant vaccine antigens

b. Use of attenuated microorganisms in vaccines

Infusion of TILs into a cancer patient is an example of a. active immunity. b. adoptive immunity. c. passive immunity. d. natural immunity.

b. adoptive immunity.

Immunoglobulins consisting of a mouse-derived variable region combined with a human-derived constant region are known as a. monoclonal antibodies. b. chimeric antibodies. c. humanized antibodies. d. fully human antibodies.

b. chimeric antibodies.

Which of the following describes the properties of a toxoid? a. Both pathogenic and immunogenic b. Pathogenic but not immunogenic c. Not pathogenic but immunogenic d. Neither pathogenic nor immunogenic

c. Not pathogenic but immunogenic

Which of the following illustrates passive immunity? a. Development of high antibody titers in a healthy person after receipt of the hepatitis B vaccine b. Recovery of a patient from a hepatitis A infection c. Passage of IgG antibodies through the placenta of a pregnant woman to her fetus d. Transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to a cancer patient

c. Passage of IgG antibodies through the placenta of a pregnant woman to her fetus

Which preparation would you recommend for treatment of a patient with an antibody deficiency? a. Monoclonal antibody b. Specific human immune serum globulin c. Standard human immune serum globulin d. Animal serum antitoxins

c. Standard human immune serum globulin

When one individual becomes immunized by receiving a series of vaccine injections according to schedule, the resulting protection extends to that individual's nearby contacts. This concept is known as a. immunologic memory. b. neighborhood immunity. c. herd immunity. d. contagious immunity.

c. herd immunity.

HAMA are a. mouse-derived antibodies that have been used for therapy. b. monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic benefits. c. human antibodies that are produced against mouse proteins. d. antitoxins that can provide immediate immunity.

c. human antibodies that are produced against mouse proteins.

What factor(s) influence the effectiveness of a person's immune response to a vaccine? a. Age of the recipient b. The individual's immune status c. The nature of the vaccine d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is not a characteristic of passive immunity? a. Transfer of antibodies b. Occurs naturally or as a result of therapy c. Provision of immediate protection d. Development of long-term memory

d. Development of long-term memory

The antigenic component of the hepatitis B vaccine differs from those of many of the conventional vaccines in that it consists of a a. live, attenuated virus. b. inactivated virus. c. cryptic antigen. d. recombinant antigen.

d. recombinant antigen.

An oral vaccine may be advantageous over an injectable vaccine for a pathogen because it a. reduces the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens in developing areas of the world. b. avoids the pain associated with injections. c. induces mucosal immunity. d.all of the above.

d.all of the above.