Chapter 25: The Urinary System

The ______ arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus, while the ______ arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus. renal, segmental afferent, efferent efferent, afferent interlobar, arcuate

afferent, efferent

Tubular fluid from the ____________ limb of the nephron loop drains into the distal convoluted tubule.

ascending

Podocytes are cells that form the visceral layer of the ______. glomerular capsule urinary bladder renal pelvis proximal convoluted tubule

glomerular capsule

The enlarged smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the JGA are called the ______. podocytes macula densa juxtaglomerular cells mesangial cells

(granular) juxtaglomerular cells

Cortical radiate arteries branch into blood vessels called ______. peritubular capillaries afferent arterioles arcuate arteries efferent arterioles

afferent arterioles

What is the function of sympathetic innervation to a kidney? Sends pain signals to the brain Activates it to release erythropoietin Activates it to lower blood pressure Activates it to secrete renin

Activates it to secrete renin

List the correct order of blood vessels associated with a renal corpuscle. Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Afferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole

Identify the segments of the nephron loop. Select all that apply. Ascending limb Proximal limb Collecting duct Descending limb Transverse limb Distal limb

Descending limb Ascending limb

What is the function of the glomerulus (glomerular capillaries)? Reabsorption of filtrate into blood (Reabsorption of filtered compounds back into the blood involves the peritubular capillaries.) Secretion of filtrate (Secretion occurs in the renal tubules.) Filtration of blood

Filtration of blood

Identify the components of a renal corpuscle. Select all that apply. Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerular capsule Nephron loop Convoluted tubules

Glomerulus Glomerular capsule

What feature of a nephron monitors fluid in the distal convoluted tubule and adjusts the GFR to maintain homeostasis? Nephron loop Juxtaglomerular apparatus Glomerular capsule

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Place the layers of the ureter in the correct order starting in the lumen. Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia

Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia

Descending and ascending limbs are part of what segment of a nephron? Collecting duct Renal corpuscle Nephron loop Proximal convoluted tubule

Nephron loop

Which segment of the renal tubules of a nephron extends into the medulla? Proximal convoluted tubule (The proximal and distal convoluted tubules are found within the cortex.) Nephron loop Distal convoluted tubule

Nephron loop

List the segments of the renal tubule of a nephron in the correct order. Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop Distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule Nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Identify the components of a nephron. Select all that apply. Renal corpuscle Renal artery Renal tubule Peritubular capillaries

Renal corpuscle Renal tubule

Which innervates a kidney? Select all that apply. Somatic motor fibers Sympathetic nerve fibers Parasympathetic nerve fibers Afferent pain fibers

Sympathetic nerve fibers Parasympathetic nerve fibers Afferent pain fibers

Cortical radiate arteries branch into blood vessels called ______. efferent arterioles arcuate arteries afferent arterioles peritubular capillaries

afferent arterioles

A renal corpuscle consists of ______. a minor and major calyx renal pyramid and renal column (The renal pyramids and columns are components of the medulla of the kidney.) proximal and distal convoluted tubules (The convoluted tubules are components of the renal tubule of a nephron.) a glomerulus and glomerular capsule

a glomerulus and glomerular capsule

The major function of the juxtamedullary apparatus is to ______. stimulate contraction of the detrusor muscle to initiate micturition adjust constriction and dilation of the renal artery and vein adjust nephron function based on the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule

adjust nephron function based on the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule

The small artery that carries blood leaving the glomerulus is the ____________ arteriole.

afferent

The small artery that feeds into the glomerular capillary bed is called the _____ arteriole. arcuate efferent (The efferent arteriole leads away from the glomerulus.) peritubular afferent segmental

afferent

The small artery that feeds into the glomerular capillary bed is called the _____ arteriole. peritubular afferent segmental efferent (The efferent arteriole leads away from the glomerulus.) arcuate

afferent

The area between the two layers of the glomerular capsule is called the ______. renal sinus renal pelvis capsular space pleural space

capsular space

Tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule drains into the _____ limb of the nephron loop. descending distal ascending cortical

descending

Tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule drains into the ___________ limb of the nephron loop.

descending

Blood is carried away from the glomerulus by a small vessels called the ______. vasa recta afferent arteriole interlobar vein efferent arteriole

efferent arteriole

The gaps between adjacent podocytes within the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called _____ slits. filtration capsular glomerular

filtration

The gaps between adjacent podocytes within the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called ___________ slits.

filtration

Within the renal corpuscle, several layers (endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the podocytes, and the basement membrane) form the ___________ membrane through which fluid is filtered.

filtration

As fluid is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus, the fluid has to pass through a series of layers called the _____ to reach the renal capsular space. filtration membrane renal capsule podocytes juxtaglomerular apparatus

filtration membrane

The double-walled structure found around the glomerulus that receives glomerular filtrate is the ______. glomerular capsule major calyx renal corpuscle (A renal corpuscle is comprised of glomerular capillaries and the glomerular capsule.) renal capsule (A renal capsule surrounds the entire kidney.)

glomerular capsule

Within the kidney, filtration of blood occurs at the capillary bed called the _____. renal capsule peritubular capillaries glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule

glomerulus

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) consists of ______. podocytes and foot processes (The podocytes and foot processes are found in the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.) ascending and descending limbs (The ascending and descending limbs are part of the nephron loop.) juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and macula densa

juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and macula densa

The junction of the afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, and ascending limb of the nephron loop form the ______. renal pelvis peritubular capillaries juxtaglomerular apparatus vasa recta

juxtaglomerular apparatus

The second segment of the renal tubule of a nephron is the nephron __________

loop

The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus that monitor composition of the tubular fluid are the ______. macula densa mesangial cells juxtaglomerular cells

macula densa

The group of specialized epithelial cells located in the wall of the nephron loop comprise the ______ of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. juxtaglomerular (JG) cells mesangial cells macula densa

macula densa

The inner region of the kidney, divided into pyramids, is the renal _________________

medulla

The inner region of the kidney, facing the renal sinus, is the renal ______. calyx capsule cortex medulla

medulla

The process of urination is also called ______. mastication micturition elimination

micturition

Filtrate from the proximal convoluted tubule flows directly into the ______. distal convoluted tubule collecting duct nephron loop papillary duct

nephron loop

Cells that form the visceral layer of a glomerular capsule are called ______. endothelial cells hepatocytes mesangial cells podocytes

podocytes

Filtrate from the glomerular capsule drains directly into the ______. nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct distal convoluted tubule

proximal convoluted tubule

The first of the three major segments of the renal tubule within a nephron is the _____. distal convoluted tubule nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct

proximal convoluted tubule

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the ___________ artery.

renal

The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the ______. renal vein celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery renal artery

renal artery

The components of a nephron include the ______ and ______. afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole renal artery, renal vein minor calyx, major calyx renal corpuscle, renal tubule

renal corpuscle, renal tubule

Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells release the enzyme called ______, that triggers an increase in blood pressure. renin vitamin D erythropoietin

renin

The ureters are lined with ______ epithelium. simple cuboidal stratified squamous transitional simple squamous

transitional

The most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood and urine is ______. ammonia urea uric acid creatinine (Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste eliminated from the blood by the kidneys, but it is not the most abundant nitrogenous waste.

urea

The most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood and urine is ______________

urea, a product of protein metabolism

The tube conveying urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body is the ______. ureter collecting duct urethra

urethra

The side of the renal corpuscle where the renal tubule begins is the ______ pole. medullary vascular tubular urinary

urinary

The side of the renal corpuscle where the renal tubule begins is the ______________ pole.

urinary

Micturition is another term for the process of ______. swallowing defecation urination filtration

urination

The side of the renal corpuscle where the afferent and efferent arterioles emerge is the ______ pole. vascular urinary arteriole cortical

vascular

The side of the renal corpuscle where the afferent and efferent arterioles emerge is the __________ pole.

vascular