Chapter 25: The Urinary System
The ______ arteriole brings blood into the glomerulus, while the ______ arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus. renal, segmental afferent, efferent efferent, afferent interlobar, arcuate
afferent, efferent
Tubular fluid from the ____________ limb of the nephron loop drains into the distal convoluted tubule.
ascending
Podocytes are cells that form the visceral layer of the ______. glomerular capsule urinary bladder renal pelvis proximal convoluted tubule
glomerular capsule
The enlarged smooth muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arteriole at the JGA are called the ______. podocytes macula densa juxtaglomerular cells mesangial cells
(granular) juxtaglomerular cells
Cortical radiate arteries branch into blood vessels called ______. peritubular capillaries afferent arterioles arcuate arteries efferent arterioles
afferent arterioles
What is the function of sympathetic innervation to a kidney? Sends pain signals to the brain Activates it to release erythropoietin Activates it to lower blood pressure Activates it to secrete renin
Activates it to secrete renin
List the correct order of blood vessels associated with a renal corpuscle. Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Afferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole
Identify the segments of the nephron loop. Select all that apply. Ascending limb Proximal limb Collecting duct Descending limb Transverse limb Distal limb
Descending limb Ascending limb
What is the function of the glomerulus (glomerular capillaries)? Reabsorption of filtrate into blood (Reabsorption of filtered compounds back into the blood involves the peritubular capillaries.) Secretion of filtrate (Secretion occurs in the renal tubules.) Filtration of blood
Filtration of blood
Identify the components of a renal corpuscle. Select all that apply. Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Afferent arteriole Glomerular capsule Nephron loop Convoluted tubules
Glomerulus Glomerular capsule
What feature of a nephron monitors fluid in the distal convoluted tubule and adjusts the GFR to maintain homeostasis? Nephron loop Juxtaglomerular apparatus Glomerular capsule
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Place the layers of the ureter in the correct order starting in the lumen. Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia
Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia
Descending and ascending limbs are part of what segment of a nephron? Collecting duct Renal corpuscle Nephron loop Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Which segment of the renal tubules of a nephron extends into the medulla? Proximal convoluted tubule (The proximal and distal convoluted tubules are found within the cortex.) Nephron loop Distal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
List the segments of the renal tubule of a nephron in the correct order. Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop Distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule Nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Identify the components of a nephron. Select all that apply. Renal corpuscle Renal artery Renal tubule Peritubular capillaries
Renal corpuscle Renal tubule
Which innervates a kidney? Select all that apply. Somatic motor fibers Sympathetic nerve fibers Parasympathetic nerve fibers Afferent pain fibers
Sympathetic nerve fibers Parasympathetic nerve fibers Afferent pain fibers
Cortical radiate arteries branch into blood vessels called ______. efferent arterioles arcuate arteries afferent arterioles peritubular capillaries
afferent arterioles
A renal corpuscle consists of ______. a minor and major calyx renal pyramid and renal column (The renal pyramids and columns are components of the medulla of the kidney.) proximal and distal convoluted tubules (The convoluted tubules are components of the renal tubule of a nephron.) a glomerulus and glomerular capsule
a glomerulus and glomerular capsule
The major function of the juxtamedullary apparatus is to ______. stimulate contraction of the detrusor muscle to initiate micturition adjust constriction and dilation of the renal artery and vein adjust nephron function based on the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule
adjust nephron function based on the fluid entering the distal convoluted tubule
The small artery that carries blood leaving the glomerulus is the ____________ arteriole.
afferent
The small artery that feeds into the glomerular capillary bed is called the _____ arteriole. arcuate efferent (The efferent arteriole leads away from the glomerulus.) peritubular afferent segmental
afferent
The small artery that feeds into the glomerular capillary bed is called the _____ arteriole. peritubular afferent segmental efferent (The efferent arteriole leads away from the glomerulus.) arcuate
afferent
The area between the two layers of the glomerular capsule is called the ______. renal sinus renal pelvis capsular space pleural space
capsular space
Tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule drains into the _____ limb of the nephron loop. descending distal ascending cortical
descending
Tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule drains into the ___________ limb of the nephron loop.
descending
Blood is carried away from the glomerulus by a small vessels called the ______. vasa recta afferent arteriole interlobar vein efferent arteriole
efferent arteriole
The gaps between adjacent podocytes within the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called _____ slits. filtration capsular glomerular
filtration
The gaps between adjacent podocytes within the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called ___________ slits.
filtration
Within the renal corpuscle, several layers (endothelium of the glomerular capillaries, the podocytes, and the basement membrane) form the ___________ membrane through which fluid is filtered.
filtration
As fluid is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus, the fluid has to pass through a series of layers called the _____ to reach the renal capsular space. filtration membrane renal capsule podocytes juxtaglomerular apparatus
filtration membrane
The double-walled structure found around the glomerulus that receives glomerular filtrate is the ______. glomerular capsule major calyx renal corpuscle (A renal corpuscle is comprised of glomerular capillaries and the glomerular capsule.) renal capsule (A renal capsule surrounds the entire kidney.)
glomerular capsule
Within the kidney, filtration of blood occurs at the capillary bed called the _____. renal capsule peritubular capillaries glomerulus proximal convoluted tubule
glomerulus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) consists of ______. podocytes and foot processes (The podocytes and foot processes are found in the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule.) ascending and descending limbs (The ascending and descending limbs are part of the nephron loop.) juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and macula densa
juxtaglomerular (JG) cells and macula densa
The junction of the afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, and ascending limb of the nephron loop form the ______. renal pelvis peritubular capillaries juxtaglomerular apparatus vasa recta
juxtaglomerular apparatus
The second segment of the renal tubule of a nephron is the nephron __________
loop
The cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus that monitor composition of the tubular fluid are the ______. macula densa mesangial cells juxtaglomerular cells
macula densa
The group of specialized epithelial cells located in the wall of the nephron loop comprise the ______ of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. juxtaglomerular (JG) cells mesangial cells macula densa
macula densa
The inner region of the kidney, divided into pyramids, is the renal _________________
medulla
The inner region of the kidney, facing the renal sinus, is the renal ______. calyx capsule cortex medulla
medulla
The process of urination is also called ______. mastication micturition elimination
micturition
Filtrate from the proximal convoluted tubule flows directly into the ______. distal convoluted tubule collecting duct nephron loop papillary duct
nephron loop
Cells that form the visceral layer of a glomerular capsule are called ______. endothelial cells hepatocytes mesangial cells podocytes
podocytes
Filtrate from the glomerular capsule drains directly into the ______. nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct distal convoluted tubule
proximal convoluted tubule
The first of the three major segments of the renal tubule within a nephron is the _____. distal convoluted tubule nephron loop proximal convoluted tubule collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubule
The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the ___________ artery.
renal
The blood vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is called the ______. renal vein celiac trunk superior mesenteric artery renal artery
renal artery
The components of a nephron include the ______ and ______. afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole renal artery, renal vein minor calyx, major calyx renal corpuscle, renal tubule
renal corpuscle, renal tubule
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells release the enzyme called ______, that triggers an increase in blood pressure. renin vitamin D erythropoietin
renin
The ureters are lined with ______ epithelium. simple cuboidal stratified squamous transitional simple squamous
transitional
The most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood and urine is ______. ammonia urea uric acid creatinine (Creatinine is a nitrogenous waste eliminated from the blood by the kidneys, but it is not the most abundant nitrogenous waste.
urea
The most abundant nitrogenous waste in the blood and urine is ______________
urea, a product of protein metabolism
The tube conveying urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body is the ______. ureter collecting duct urethra
urethra
The side of the renal corpuscle where the renal tubule begins is the ______ pole. medullary vascular tubular urinary
urinary
The side of the renal corpuscle where the renal tubule begins is the ______________ pole.
urinary
Micturition is another term for the process of ______. swallowing defecation urination filtration
urination
The side of the renal corpuscle where the afferent and efferent arterioles emerge is the ______ pole. vascular urinary arteriole cortical
vascular
The side of the renal corpuscle where the afferent and efferent arterioles emerge is the __________ pole.
vascular