Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation

The nurse knows that which statements regarding blood pressure in the black population are correct? Select all that apply. A. HTN onset in black persons is later than in people of other ethnic groups B. HTN is less prevalent among the black population C. Black clients often experience greater renal damage from HTN D. HTN is more severe among black persons compared to people from other ethnic groups E. HTN in black clients is often treated less aggressively

C. Black clients often experience greater renal damage from HTN D. HTN is more severe among black persons compared to people from other ethnic groups E. HTN in black clients is often treated less aggressively

A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect? A. Elevation of triglycerides B. Elevation of HDL C. Decreased LDL D. Decreased VLDL

Elevation of triglycerides

The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion? A. 119 mmHg or lower B. 120 - 129 mmHg C. 130 - 139 mmHg D. 140 mmHg or higher

140 mmHg or higher

The nurse knows that MAP is:

60% of diastolic pressure and 40% of systolic pressure

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension? A. 66 yr old postoperative client on bedrest B. 20 yr old pregnant client at 36wks C. 42 yr old male w/ hx of PE D. 70 yr old female who has taken the same anti-HTN med for 10 years

66 yr old postoperative client on bedrest

The nurse caring for a client with malignant hypertension knows that which possible complications can occur with malignant hypertension? Select all that apply. A. Renal failure B. Arteriolar wall damage C. Cerebral Edema D. Intravascular coagulation E. RV failure

A. Renal failure B. Arteriolar wall damage C. Cerebral Edema D. Intravascular coagulation

A physician is providing care for several clients on a medical unit of a hospital. In which client situation is the physician most likely to rule out hypertension as a contributing factor? A. 61 yr old who has endocarditis and recurrent fever B. 81 yr old w/ ischemic stroke and one-sided weakness C. 44 yr old awaiting kidney transplant who requires hemodialysis 3x/wk D. 66 yr old with poorly controlled angina and consequent limited activity tolerance

A. 61 yr old who has endocarditis and recurrent fever

Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension? A. 80 yr old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom B. 78 yr old client who has headaches unrelieved by OTC analgesics C. 65 yr old client whose vision is diminished and has swollen ankles D. 42 yr old w/ hx of poorly controlled T1D

A. 80 yr old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom

A nurse working on a gerontology unit notes that the majority of the clients on the unit are prescribed antihypertensive medications. When it comes to the aging process, which phenomenon is primarily a contributing factor to hypertension in the older adult population? Select all that apply. A. Stiffening of large arteries like aorta B. Increased sensitivity of RAAS C. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow D. Increased PVR E. Increased renal perfusion

A. Stiffening of large arteries like aorta C. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow D. Increased PVR

A 54-year-old man with a long-standing diagnosis of essential hypertension is meeting with his physician. The client's physician would anticipate that which phenomenon is most likely occurring? A. The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption B. Epinephrine from his adrenal gland is initiating the RAAS pathway C. His juxtaglomerular cells are releasing aldosterone as a result of sympathetic stimulation D. Vasopressin is exterting an effect on his chemoreceptors and baroreceptors, resulting in vasoconstriction

A. The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption

The nurse recognizes that there are many factors that influence blood flow within the systemic circulation. In the circulatory system, which of the following are called resistance vessels? A. Aorta B. Arterioles C. Capillaries D. Venules

Arterioles

Which is an accurate statement about acute arterial occlusion? A. Infarction cannout occur without arterial occlusion B. A quick forming arterial occlusion is more likely to cause tissue death C. Most tissues require less than 3 minutes of hypoxia to undergo infarction D. Most lung infarcts occur following occlusion of bronchial arteries

B. A quick forming arterial occlusion is more likely to cause tissue death

Which are primary treatment options for a client with acute venous thrombosis? Select all that apply. A. Elevation of legs with flexion at knees B. Application of heat C. Bed rest D. Elastic support E. Sitting

B. Application of heat C. Bed rest D. Elastic support

The health care provider is reviewing the results of a client's magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The results indicate a small spherical dilation at the circle of Willis. The provider would interpret this as: A. Fusiform aneurysm B. Dissecting aneurysm C. Saccular aneurysm D. Berry aneurysm

Berry

The nurse is reviewing a client's medications and lab results. The client has a high LDL level. Which medication can raise this level? A. Beta Blockers B. Glucocorticoids C. Calcium Channel Blockers D. Antiplatelet agents

Beta blockers

Which client will likely experience difficulty maintaining lipoprotein synthesis, resulting in elevated LDL levels? A. 55 yr old admitted for exacerbation of COPD B. 44 yr old female admitted for hysterectomy d/t cervical cancer with metastasis C. 35 yr old w/ hx of hepatitis C and B w/ end stage liver disease D. 27 yr old w/ pancreatitis r/t alcohol abuse

C. 35 yr old w/ hx of hepatitis C and B w/ end stage liver disease

A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which factor has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure? A. Coarctation of the aorta B. Increased levels of adrenocortical hormones C. Activation of the RAAS mechanism D. Increased sympathetic stimulation by the ANS

C. Activation of the RAAS mechanism

The nurse knows that coarctation of the aorta can be a secondary cause of hypertension. Which blood pressure finding can be characteristic of this condition? A. Widening pulse pressure in legs B. BP in legs 20 mmHg higher than in arms C. BP in arms 20 mmHg higher than legs D. Prominent femoral pulses

C. BP in arms 20 mmHg higher than legs

Which hypertensive individual is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential? A. Black man who leads a sedentary lifestyle B. 69 yr old woman w/ diagnosis of cardiometabolic syndrome C. 40 yr old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats D. 51 yr old man who has been diagnosed w/ glomerulonephritis

D. 51 yr old man who has been diagnosed w/ glomerulonephritis

A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess. A. BP 90/60 and proteinuria in 2nd trimester B. BP 130/88 and hyperglycemia during 22nd week of pregnancy C. BP 140/90 and glucose in urine during the 36th week of pregnancy D. BP 160/100 and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

D. BP 160/100 and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism? A. Pain, increased BP, and warmth B. Purpura, muscle weakness, and SOB C. paralysis, warmth, and paranoia D. pallor, pulselessness, and pain

D. pallor, pulselessness, and pain

A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department reporting chest pain for the last 2 hours. He describes the pain as crushing, like a huge weight is on his chest. He also states that the pain goes up into his neck and down his left arm. An acute myocardial infarction (MI) is diagnosed. When taking his history, the following things are noted: ● Hyperlipoproteinemia for past 7 years ● Family history of early MI ● Cholesterol deposits along the tendons (diagnosed 1 year ago) ● Atherosclerosis (diagnosed 6 months ago) ● Diabetes mellitus (type 1) diagnosed at age 16 The nurse suspects which diagnosis will be made? A. Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type 2A) B. Adult-onset hypercholesterolemia (Type 1A) C. Secondary hyperlipoproteinemia D. Homozygotic cutaneous xanthoma

Familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2A)

The client's ultrasound shows a true aneurysm that involves the entire circumference of the vessel and has a gradual and progressive dilation of the vessel. The provider tells the client the aneurysm is which of the following forms? A. Dissecting B. Berry C. Fusiform D. Saccular

Fusiform

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a serious condition affecting between 5% and 10% of pregnant women. The most serious classification of hypertension in pregnancy is preeclampsia-eclampsia. It is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that can have both maternal and fetal manifestations. What is a life-threatening manifestation of the preeclampsia-eclampsia classification of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

HELLP syndrome

Which would be considered a major cause of secondary hyperlipoproteinemia since it increases the production of VLDL and conversion to LDL? A. high-calorie diet B. DM C. Bile-binding resin D. cholesterol ingestion

High calorie diet

An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug? A. Dry mouth B. Restlessness C. Hypotension D. Constipation

Hypotension

A client with hypercholesterolemia is being treated with diet and exercise. Which assessment finding is a positive outcome of this treatment regimen? A. Increased HDLs B. Increased LDLs C. Increased blood glucose levels D. Lowered HDLs

Increased HDLs

The pediatrician is examining a young client and notes necrotizing damage to the coronary arteries in the child's echocardiogram. The pediatrician suspects the child has which of the following? A. Takayasu arteritis B. Kawasaki disease C. Microscopic polyangitis D. Granulomatosis with polyangitis

Kawasaki disease

The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system? A. Humoral influence B. Kidneys C. Neural mechanisms D. Hormonal activity

Kidneys

Which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol? A. HDL B. LDL C. IDL D. VLDL

LDL

The client's ultrasound shows a thrombus in the venous sinus in the soleus muscle. The nurse explains that early treatment is important to prevent: A. CVA B. Loss of pulse in a limb C. PE D. Acute MI

PE

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which physiologic process? A. PVR B. Electrical impulse in the heart C. Rigidity of the ventricles D. Release of stress hormones

PVR

The nurse knows that adequate levels of which electrolytes have been shown to have a beneficial effect on blood pressure? A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Phosphorus D. Potassium

Potassium

The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which initial sign of this condition? A. Pulsating mass in the abdomen B. Syncope C. Hemiplegia D. Pulse is unobtainable in one or both arms

Pulsating mass in the abdomen

A client is admitted to the outpatient diagnostic unit for further testing to identity the cause of the uncontrolled secondary hypertension. In preparation, the nurse should anticipate that which diagnostic procedure will provide the most definitive diagnosis? A. Echocardiography B. Renal arteriography C. Routine US of kidney D. serum creatinine level

Renal arteriography

Which of the following is the site of chylomicron synthesis? A. Stomach B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Small Intestine

Small Intestine

A nurse is administering medication to treat familial hypercholesterolemia. Which medication lowers blood levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)?

Statins

The nurse knows that which food is excluded from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet? A. Nuts B. Whole grains C. Steak D. Poultry

Steak

The smooth muscle cells produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels due to innervation by which part of the nervous system?

Sympathetic

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for: A. Late HTN crisis B. Chest pain radiating to the R arm C. tonic-clonic seizures D. Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

A client diagnosed with giant cell arteritis will likely experience pain located in which region of the head? A. Vertebral B. Ophthalmic C. Carotid D. Temporal

Temporal

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels? A. Collagen tissue B. Endothelial cells C. Extracellular matrix cells D. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

Vascular SMCs

Which of the following is associated with stasis of blood, increased blood coagulability, and vessel wall injury? A. Varicose veins B. Venous thrombosis C. Chronic venous insufficiency D. Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Venous thrombosis

A client is pregnant for the first time and is considered to be at high risk for preeclampsia. The care team should prioritize which intervention? A. Restriction of dietary sodium B. Oral admin of Beta blockers C. Vigilant BP monitoring D. Cautious use of OTC diuretics

Vigilant BP monitoring

A health care provider is providing care for a client who developed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a pulmonary embolism following a period of bed rest. Which factor will the nurse determine did not contribute to the formation of a DVT? A. Increased HR B. Impaired venous return C. increased blood viscosity D. venous injury

increased HR

Which clients are at risk for venous thrombosis? Select all that apply. A. A client on bed rest after an acute MI B. Client with an aortic aneurysm C. Client with BP of 172/90 D. Client taking oral contraceptives E. Client who has had total hip replacement surgery

A. A client on bed rest after an acute MI D. Client taking oral contraceptives E. Client who has had total hip replacement surgery

The nurse is providing care for a client who has a recent history of visual disturbances, facial pain and erythema in the region of the temporal artery. Which aspect of care is most appropriate? A. Administration of corticosteroids as prescribed B. Assessing the client for s/s of VTE C. Education focused on smoking cessation and dietary changes D. Preparing client for bone marrow biopsy

A. Administration of corticosteroids as prescribed

A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. A. Consume diet rich in fruits, veggies, and low-fat dairy products B. Reduce dietary sodium intake C. Avoid aerobic exercise D. Stop smoking E. Limit alcohol consumption

A. Consume diet rich in fruits, veggies, and low-fat dairy products B. Reduce dietary sodium intake D. Stop smoking E. Limit alcohol consumption

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia? A. Going for a brisk walk and talking about continuing to exercise regularly B. Encourage friend to use more saturated and less unsaturated fats when cooking C. Encourage friend to be tested for familial hypercholesterolemia D. Encourage a friend to cook with trans fats, as they extend shelf life of foods

A. Going for a brisk walk and talking about continuing to exercise regularly

A 45-year-old woman with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis comes to the clinic complaining of coldness and pain in her fingers. She says that her fingers turn blue, and then her fingers get red, and they throb and tingle. The nurse would expect what diagnosis and treatment for this client? Select all that apply. A. Raynaud Disease; protecting digits from cold B. Arterial thrombosis; streptokinase C. PAD; aspirin D. Raynaud phenomenon; stop smoking

A. Raynaud Disease; protecting digits from cold D. Raynaud phenomenon; stop smoking

The nurse practitioner is conducting an assessment of an older adult client who has a long-standing history of poorly controlled hypertension. Which of the nurse's assessments address potential consequences of hypertension? Select all that apply. A. Vision testing using a Snellen Chart B. Review BUN and creatinine levels C. Assess client's lower legs for PVD D. Assess client's cognition w/ a mini mental status exam E. Assess client's BMI

A. Vision testing using a Snellen Chart B. Review BUN and creatinine levels C. Assess client's lower legs for PVD D. Assess client's cognition w/ a mini mental status exam

At 4 AM the hemodynamic monitoring for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit indicates that the client's mean arterial pressure (MAP) is at the low end of the normal range; at 5 AM the client's MAP has fallen definitively below normal. The nurses should prioritize assessments for: A. organ damage and hypovolemic shock B. ischemic stroke and ischemic heart disease C. dependent edema and decreased cognition D. orthostatic hypotension and cerebral aneurysm

A. organ damage and hypovolemic shock

A client taking an antihypertensive drug for several months comes to the physician's office with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse knows that this cough is an adverse effect of which class of antihypertensive drugs? A. Calcium channel blockers B. Angiotensin II receptor blockers C. Beta blockers D. ACE Inhibitors

ACE Inhibitors

When trying to educate a client about the release of free radicals and the role they play in formation of atherosclerosis, which statement is most accurate? A. The end result of oxidation is rupture of the plaque, resulting in hemorrhage B. Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessel C. Oxidize free radicals produce toxic metabolic waste that can kill liver cells D. Activated cells roam the vascular system looking for inflammatory cells to engulf

B. Activated cells that release free radicals oxidize LDL, which is harmful to the lining of your blood vessel

A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which has lead to a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What treatment option will be of greatest benefit to prevent further thrombus formation? A. Frequent ambulation and use of compression stockings B. Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of legs C. Massage followed by vascular surgery D. analgesics and use of pneumatic compression device

B. Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of legs

A client consistently has an elevated systolic BP greater than 150 mm Hg but a diastolic pressure in the 80s. The health care provider should be assessing for which complication? A. Confusion d/t atherosclerosis of carotid arteries B. Crackles in bilateral lungs caused by left sided HF C. Ascites d/t liver damage D. Peripheral edema in lower legs from renal disease

B. Crackles in bilateral lungs caused by left sided HF

During assessment of a 66-year-old woman, the nurse practitioner notes a pulsating abdominal mass and refers the woman for further treatment. Which aspects of the pathophysiology of aneurysms would the health care provider explain to this client? A. Aneurysms are commonly a result of poorly controlled DM B. HTN is a frequent modifiable contributor to aneurysms C. Individuals with an aneurysm are normally asymptomatic until the aneurysm ruptures D. Aneurysms can normally be resolved with lifestyle and diet modifications

B. HTN is a frequent modifiable contributor to aneurysms

A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. The nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms? A. Stupor and hyperreflexia B. Headache and confusion C. Restlessness and nervousness D. Papilledema and lethargy

B. Headache and confusion

The dietitian is teaching a client about cholesterol reduction strategies. Which comment by the client indicates that he understands the teaching? A. The aim of diet therapy is to reduce HDL cholesterol B. I should avoid fats that are manufactured from vegetable oils and used to extend the shelf life of fast foods C. I should increase my intake of vegetables and red meats D. I should limit my daily intake of cholesterol to less than 500mg/day

B. I should avoid fats that are manufactured from vegetable oils and used to extend the shelf life of fast foods

A nurse on a geriatric medicine unit has noted that a significant majority of the clients on the unit are prescribed antihypertensive medications. Which phenomenon is the nurse most justified in ruling out as a contributing factor? A. Decreased baroreceptor sensitivity and renal blood flow B. Increased sensitivity of the RAAS C. Stiffening of large arteries like the aorta D. Increased PVR

B. Increased sensitivity of the RAAS

The nurse's brother is not convinced that he should quit smoking. He asks his sister (the nurse) to demonstrate for him the more immediate effects of smoking on his health. Which of the following could be used to help convince the brother to stop smoking? A. Measure his temp and show him how much higher it is when he is smoking B. Measure his BP and show him how much higher it is when he is smoking C. Measure his pulse and show him how much lower it is when he is smoking D. Have him listen to his heart for the obvious murmur that presents when smoking

B. Measure his BP and show him how much higher it is when he is smoking

A 75-year-old man presents at the clinic for a routine physical checkup. He is found to be hypertensive. While taking his blood pressure in the sitting, standing, lying positions, the nurse notes that the brachial artery is pulseless at a high cuff pressure, but she can still feel it. What condition would the nurse suspect? A. Essential HTN B. Pseudohypertension C. Orthostatic HTN D. Secondary HTN

B. Pseudohypertension

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply. A. Decreased physical activity B. Smoking cessation C. Increased intake of fats and sodium D. Dietary measures to reduce LDLs E. Weight reduction if overweight

B. Smoking cessation D. Dietary measures to reduce LDLs E. Weight reduction if overweight

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol? A. low cholesterol content B. believe to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion C. transports cholesterol away from cells to the liver for excretion D. associated with a low intake of saturated fats

B. believe to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion

A client with a history of disabling claudication now is in the emergency department with a lower limb that is turning dark purple to black associated with faint Doppler pedal pulses. The client will more than likely undergo: A. surgery to remove the saphenous vein B. percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement C. injection of a potent anticoagulant into lower leg veins D. whirlpool therapy with tight wrapping of lower legs immediately following

B. percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement

Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall. A. Chemoreceptors B. Baroreceptors C. Cardiovascular centers D. Neural pathways

Baroreceptors

Which elevated serum marker for systemic inflammation is now considered a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and vascular disease? A. Leukocytosis B. Homocysteine C. C-reactive protein D. Serum lipoprotein

C. C-reactive protein

The professor knows that the pathophysiology student understands the structure and function of blood vessels when the student states: A. Arteries include internal valves to aid in unidirectional flow of blood toward the heart B. Venules transport blood away from the heart and control BP C. Capillaries permit exchange of material between the blood and interstitial fluid D. Veins have 3-layered wall with a thick tunica media, which gives it the properties of contractility and elasticity

C. Capillaries permit exchange of material between the blood and interstitial fluid

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? A. Increasing age B. Family Hx of premature coronary heart disease C. Hypercholesterolemia D. Male sex

C. Hypercholesterolemia

A 52-year-old man who is moderately obese has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. Which of the client's statements indicates a need for further health-promotion teaching? Select all that apply A. I've started going to the gym before work 3x/wk B. I'm trying to cut back on the amount of salt that I cook with and add to food C. I'm resolving to eat organic foods from now on D. I'm planning to lose 15 pounds before the end of the year E. I will drink at least 8 glasses of water daily

C. I'm resolving to eat organic foods from now on E. I will drink at least 8 glasses of water daily

The nurse is reviewing a client's history and recognizes that the client smokes cigarettes. The nurse is concerned because smoking does which of the following? A. Promotes vasodilation and decreases peripheral resistance, thereby increasing cardiac workload B. Decreases serum lipid levels and increases inflammation, thereby promoting hyperlipidemia C. Injuries the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, thereby promoting thrombus development D. Increases serum HDL levels, thereby promoting fat oxidation

C. Injuries the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, thereby promoting thrombus development

A client is diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis. The nurse anticipates the administration of which medication in an attempt to dissolve the clot? A. Low molecular weight heparin B. Warfarin C. Streptokinase D. Amoxicillin

C. Streptokinase

A nurse is planning a community education program on hypertension. Which parameter should be included to explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure? A. CO and SVR B. HR and PVR C. Blood volume and renal blood flow D. Contractility and arteriolar constriction

CO and SVR

Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. Due to ischemia, which initial peripheral symptom is associated with this disease? A. Edema B. Calf pain C. Varicosities D. Bulging pulse

Calf pain

A client is receiving home care for the treatment of a wound on the inside of the lower leg described as 3 cm in diameter with a yellow wound bed draining clear exudate. Assessment of the client's legs reveals edema and a irregularly darkened pigmentation on the ankles and shins of both legs. How would the home care nurse document these findings? A. DVT B. Varicose veins C. PAD D. Chronic venous insufficiency

D. Chronic venous insufficiency

Which vascular changes can occur in older adults because of the increase in blood pressure during the aging process? A. Increased elasticity in venous connective tissue B. Decreased elasticity in venous connective tissue C. Increased elasticity in arterial connective tissue D. Decreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue

D. Decreased elasticity in arterial connective tissue

Which function is performed by arteries such as the coronary and renal arteries? A. Transport of blood B. Regulation of capillary blood flow C. Transport of blood from capillary beds towards heart D. Distribution of blood to organs that are controlled by contraction and relaxation of these vessels

D. Distribution of blood to organs that are controlled by contraction and relaxation of these vessels

A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute pain in his left lower leg. The practitioner is unable to palpate pedal pulses and finds the client to be in atrial fibrillation. Which test will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli? A. Chest x-ray B. Ultrasound of kidney C. CT of head D. Echocardiogram

D. Echocardiogram

A nurse practitioner is instructing a group of older adults about the risks associated with high cholesterol. Which teaching point should the participants try to integrate into their lifestyle after the teaching session? A. Remember H in HDL and L in LDL correspond to high danger and low danger to your health B. Having high cholesterol increases your risk of developing DM and irregular HR C. Smoking and being overweight increases your risk of primary hypercholesterolemia D. Your family hx of hypercholesterolemia is important, but there are things you can do to compensate for a high inherited risk

D. Your family hx of hypercholesterolemia is important, but there are things you can do to compensate for a high inherited risk

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement? A. Apply ice compresses to site of DVT hourly B. massage legs to maintain blood flow C. Ensure bedrest D. apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

D. apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities

The nurse practitioner's examination of a client reveals xanthomas along the client's tendons. Which test will the practitioner order? A. C-reactive protein B. HDL Level C. LDL level D. Serium homocysteine

LDL level