Chapter 26 Smart-book Set

The palate forms the ______ of the mouth.

"roof"

The volume of saliva secreted daily ranges between ______ liters.

1.0-1.5

From its origin at the ileocecal junction to its termination at the anus, the large intestine has an approximate length of ______ feet and a diameter of ______ inches.

5; 2.5

A, B, C, D, E

A - Palatine tonsil B - transverse palatine fold C - Uvula D - Fauces E - Gingivae

A, B, C, D, E

A - Superior labial frenulum B - Palatoglossal Arch C - Tongue D - Lingual Frenulum E - Inferior labial frenulum

Lips have a reddish hue because of their abundant supply of superficial ___ vessels and the reduced amount of ___ within their outer epithelial layer.

Blood, keratin

In the oral cavity, food is mixed with saliva to form a wet mass called a

Bolus

What are the GI tract organs?

Large intestine, small intestine, and esophagus

At specific locations along the GI tract, the inner circular muscle layer is greatly thickened to form a ______.

Sphincter

Intraperitoneal organs include the ______, most of the ______, and parts of the large intestine.

Stomach, small intestine

Absorption

The function of the digestive system that involves membrane transport of digested molecules from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph

Cranial nerves associated with gastrointestinal tract motor output.

Vagus, glossopharyngeal, facial

The roots of the teeth fit tightly into dental___ which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible.

alveoli or alveolius

The roots of the teeth fit tightly into dental ____, which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible.

alveoli or alveolus

Proteins are polymers composed of ___ acids.

amino

Digestion of protein releases ______ that are then absorbed into the blood.

amino acids

Water is considered ______ nutrient.

an essential

The hard palate is ______ to the soft palate.

anterior

Incisors are the most ______ placed teeth.

anteriorly

The nerves associated with the GI tract consist of both sensory and ______ motor axons.

autonomic

Premolars are also called ______.

bicuspids

The liver's main function in digestion is the production of ______.

bile

The ______ muscles compress the cheeks against the teeth to hold solid materials in place during chewing.

buccinator

Disaccharides are an example of a ______.

carbohydrate

After the bolus has been completely processed in the stomach, the product is called ______.

chyme

At the superior end of the esophagus, the superior esophageal sphincter is a thickened ring of ______ muscle marking the area where the esophagus and the pharynx meet.

circular skeletal

A sphincter ______ the lumen opening at some point along the GI tract, and in so doing it can help control the movement of materials through the GI tract.

closes off

The liver is covered by a ___ tissue capsule and a layer of ___ peritoneum, except for a small region on its diaphragmatic surface called the bare area.

connective visceral

A tooth has an exposed ______, a constricted ______, and one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw.

crown; neck

The duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct is the ____duct.

cystic

What forms the primary mass of a tooth?

dentin

The teeth are collectively known as the ___ .

dentition

Most saliva is produced ______ meals.

during

Proteins are broken down into amino acids by ______.

enzymes

The superior esophageal sphincter is closed during inhalation of air, so that air doesn't enter the ___ and enters the ____ and trachea instead.

esophagus larynx

The opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx is called the ______.

fauces

The transverse palatine folds are also known as ___ ridges.

friction

The organ that concentrates bile that is produced by the liver is the ____

gallbladder

The digestive organs collectively make up the ______.

gastrointestinal tract digestive tract alimentary canal

The anterior two-thirds of the palate is bony (called the ___ palate), while the posterior one-third is soft and muscular (called the ___ palate).

hard soft

The most anteriorly placed permanent teeth are called ______.

incisors

Immediately posterolateral to the lateral ___ are the canine teeth, which have a pointed tip for puncturing and tearing food.

incisors or incisor

Mastication ______ the surface area of ingested food.

increases

The gallbladder is attached to the ______ surface of the liver.

inferior

The digestive system includes the organs that __ the food, transport the ingested material, digest the material into smaller usable components, __ the necessary digested nutrients into the bloodstream, and expel the waste products from the body.

ingest, intake absorb, transport, or distribute

The lateral walls of the oral cavity are formed by the cheeks, which are covered externally by the ______ and contain the ______ muscles.

integument; buccinator

Within the abdomen, organs that are completely surrounded by the visceral peritoneum are called ______ organs.

intraperitoneal

The internal surfaces of the superior and inferior lips each are attached to the gingivae by a thin mucosa fold in the midline, called the ______.

labial frenulum

The cecum, colon, and rectum are parts of the ______.

large intestine

Which organ is responsible for the elimination of wastes in the form of feces?

large intestine

The cheeks terminate at the fleshy ______, which form the ______ wall of the oral cavity.

lips; anterior

The large intestine is an organ of the ______ GI tract.

lower

The mouth is the initial site of ___ digestion (via mastication) and ___ digestion (via an enzyme in saliva).

mechanical; physical chemical

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of ______.

monosaccharides

The small intestine finishes the chemical digestion process and is responsible for absorbing ______ of the nutrients and water.

most

The GI tract begins with the ______.

mouth

Where is lingual lipase produced?

mouth

Phosphatase is an enzyme that breaks down ______.

nucleic acids

The lips are formed primarily by the ______ muscle.

orbicularis oris

The superior boundary of the oral cavity is formed by the hard and soft ______.

palates

Most of the bone of the hard palate exhibits prominent transverse ______ folds.

palatine

The hard palate is formed by the ____ processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the _____ bones.

palatine, palatine

The fauces are bounded by paired muscular folds: the anterior fold called the ___ arch and the posterior fold called the ___ arch.

palatoglossal palatopharyngeal

The superior esophageal sphincter is also called the ______ sphincter.

pharyngoesophageal

Starch is an example of a _______.

polysaccharide

The soft palate is ______ to the hard palate.

posterior

The ______ are located posterolateral to the canines and anterior to the ______.

premolars; molars

Chemical digestion of ______ begins in the stomach.

protein and fat

Salivary glands secrete ______.

saliva

Identify the location of the absorption of the components of nucleic acids.

small intestine

Identify the location of the majority of triglyceride digestion.

small intestine

The process of absorption occurs primarily in the ______.

small intestine

The pyloric sphincter regulates the movement of material from the ______.

stomach to the small intestine

Mastication is the process whereby material is chewed by the ___ in the ___ cavity.

teeth, dentition, or dentitia oral

The oral cavity is bounded anteriorly by the ______ and lips and posteriorly by the ______.

teeth; oropharynx

Extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is a conical median projection called the ___ .

uvula

When you swallow, the soft palate and the ___ elevate to close off the posterior entrance into the nasopharynx.

uvula

When you swallow, the soft palate and the ___ elevate to close off the posterior entrance into the ___ and prevent ingested materials from entering the nasal region.

uvula nasopharynx