Chapter 26 Smart-book Set
The palate forms the ______ of the mouth.
"roof"
The volume of saliva secreted daily ranges between ______ liters.
1.0-1.5
From its origin at the ileocecal junction to its termination at the anus, the large intestine has an approximate length of ______ feet and a diameter of ______ inches.
5; 2.5
A, B, C, D, E
A - Palatine tonsil B - transverse palatine fold C - Uvula D - Fauces E - Gingivae
A, B, C, D, E
A - Superior labial frenulum B - Palatoglossal Arch C - Tongue D - Lingual Frenulum E - Inferior labial frenulum
Lips have a reddish hue because of their abundant supply of superficial ___ vessels and the reduced amount of ___ within their outer epithelial layer.
Blood, keratin
In the oral cavity, food is mixed with saliva to form a wet mass called a
Bolus
What are the GI tract organs?
Large intestine, small intestine, and esophagus
At specific locations along the GI tract, the inner circular muscle layer is greatly thickened to form a ______.
Sphincter
Intraperitoneal organs include the ______, most of the ______, and parts of the large intestine.
Stomach, small intestine
Absorption
The function of the digestive system that involves membrane transport of digested molecules from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood or lymph
Cranial nerves associated with gastrointestinal tract motor output.
Vagus, glossopharyngeal, facial
The roots of the teeth fit tightly into dental___ which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible.
alveoli or alveolius
The roots of the teeth fit tightly into dental ____, which are sockets within the alveolar processes of both the maxillae and the mandible.
alveoli or alveolus
Proteins are polymers composed of ___ acids.
amino
Digestion of protein releases ______ that are then absorbed into the blood.
amino acids
Water is considered ______ nutrient.
an essential
The hard palate is ______ to the soft palate.
anterior
Incisors are the most ______ placed teeth.
anteriorly
The nerves associated with the GI tract consist of both sensory and ______ motor axons.
autonomic
Premolars are also called ______.
bicuspids
The liver's main function in digestion is the production of ______.
bile
The ______ muscles compress the cheeks against the teeth to hold solid materials in place during chewing.
buccinator
Disaccharides are an example of a ______.
carbohydrate
After the bolus has been completely processed in the stomach, the product is called ______.
chyme
At the superior end of the esophagus, the superior esophageal sphincter is a thickened ring of ______ muscle marking the area where the esophagus and the pharynx meet.
circular skeletal
A sphincter ______ the lumen opening at some point along the GI tract, and in so doing it can help control the movement of materials through the GI tract.
closes off
The liver is covered by a ___ tissue capsule and a layer of ___ peritoneum, except for a small region on its diaphragmatic surface called the bare area.
connective visceral
A tooth has an exposed ______, a constricted ______, and one or more roots that anchor it to the jaw.
crown; neck
The duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct is the ____duct.
cystic
What forms the primary mass of a tooth?
dentin
The teeth are collectively known as the ___ .
dentition
Most saliva is produced ______ meals.
during
Proteins are broken down into amino acids by ______.
enzymes
The superior esophageal sphincter is closed during inhalation of air, so that air doesn't enter the ___ and enters the ____ and trachea instead.
esophagus larynx
The opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx is called the ______.
fauces
The transverse palatine folds are also known as ___ ridges.
friction
The organ that concentrates bile that is produced by the liver is the ____
gallbladder
The digestive organs collectively make up the ______.
gastrointestinal tract digestive tract alimentary canal
The anterior two-thirds of the palate is bony (called the ___ palate), while the posterior one-third is soft and muscular (called the ___ palate).
hard soft
The most anteriorly placed permanent teeth are called ______.
incisors
Immediately posterolateral to the lateral ___ are the canine teeth, which have a pointed tip for puncturing and tearing food.
incisors or incisor
Mastication ______ the surface area of ingested food.
increases
The gallbladder is attached to the ______ surface of the liver.
inferior
The digestive system includes the organs that __ the food, transport the ingested material, digest the material into smaller usable components, __ the necessary digested nutrients into the bloodstream, and expel the waste products from the body.
ingest, intake absorb, transport, or distribute
The lateral walls of the oral cavity are formed by the cheeks, which are covered externally by the ______ and contain the ______ muscles.
integument; buccinator
Within the abdomen, organs that are completely surrounded by the visceral peritoneum are called ______ organs.
intraperitoneal
The internal surfaces of the superior and inferior lips each are attached to the gingivae by a thin mucosa fold in the midline, called the ______.
labial frenulum
The cecum, colon, and rectum are parts of the ______.
large intestine
Which organ is responsible for the elimination of wastes in the form of feces?
large intestine
The cheeks terminate at the fleshy ______, which form the ______ wall of the oral cavity.
lips; anterior
The large intestine is an organ of the ______ GI tract.
lower
The mouth is the initial site of ___ digestion (via mastication) and ___ digestion (via an enzyme in saliva).
mechanical; physical chemical
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples of ______.
monosaccharides
The small intestine finishes the chemical digestion process and is responsible for absorbing ______ of the nutrients and water.
most
The GI tract begins with the ______.
mouth
Where is lingual lipase produced?
mouth
Phosphatase is an enzyme that breaks down ______.
nucleic acids
The lips are formed primarily by the ______ muscle.
orbicularis oris
The superior boundary of the oral cavity is formed by the hard and soft ______.
palates
Most of the bone of the hard palate exhibits prominent transverse ______ folds.
palatine
The hard palate is formed by the ____ processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the _____ bones.
palatine, palatine
The fauces are bounded by paired muscular folds: the anterior fold called the ___ arch and the posterior fold called the ___ arch.
palatoglossal palatopharyngeal
The superior esophageal sphincter is also called the ______ sphincter.
pharyngoesophageal
Starch is an example of a _______.
polysaccharide
The soft palate is ______ to the hard palate.
posterior
The ______ are located posterolateral to the canines and anterior to the ______.
premolars; molars
Chemical digestion of ______ begins in the stomach.
protein and fat
Salivary glands secrete ______.
saliva
Identify the location of the absorption of the components of nucleic acids.
small intestine
Identify the location of the majority of triglyceride digestion.
small intestine
The process of absorption occurs primarily in the ______.
small intestine
The pyloric sphincter regulates the movement of material from the ______.
stomach to the small intestine
Mastication is the process whereby material is chewed by the ___ in the ___ cavity.
teeth, dentition, or dentitia oral
The oral cavity is bounded anteriorly by the ______ and lips and posteriorly by the ______.
teeth; oropharynx
Extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is a conical median projection called the ___ .
uvula
When you swallow, the soft palate and the ___ elevate to close off the posterior entrance into the nasopharynx.
uvula
When you swallow, the soft palate and the ___ elevate to close off the posterior entrance into the ___ and prevent ingested materials from entering the nasal region.
uvula nasopharynx