Chapter 28/29 Apush

Wilson's most effective slogan in the campaign of 1916 was

"He kept us out of war."

What presidential action illustrated the limits of Woodrow Wilson's progressivism?

Accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy

Progressive reformers included which of the following?

All of these

The American population in 1900 can best be described as

All of these

Wilson's progressive programs provided relief to

All of these

The threatened war between the United States and Mexico in 1914 was avoided by the mediation of the ABC powers, which consisted of

Argentina, Brazil, and Chile.

The western preservationists suffered their worst political setback when

California's Hetch Hetchy Valley was dammed to supply water to San Francisco.

As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria-Hungary as leaders of the ____, while Russia and France were among the ____.

Central Powers; Allies

Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carta."

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except

Cuba

Which of the following actions was NOT part of Wilson's "moral diplomacy"?

Dispatching Marines to Haiti to protect American lives and property

What were the Elkins and Hepburn Acts designed to accomplish?

Ending corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts

Which of the following was not among the issues addressed by women in the progressive movement?

Ending special regulations governing women in the workplace

The new regulatory agency, created by the Wilson administration in 1914, that attacked unfair business competition, false and misleading advertising, and consumer fraud was the

Federal Trade Commission.

What was a fundamental belief of the multiple-use conservationists?

Forests and rivers could be used for recreation but not for economic purposes.

Which of these is NOT a true statement about the sinking of the Lusitania?

Germany immediately pledged not to sink unarmed passenger ships anymore.

An early event of World War I that led many Americans to sympathize with the Allies against Germany was

Germany's invasion of neutral Belgium.

President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____.

Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare

Why did Teddy Roosevelt decide to run for the presidency in 1912?

He believed that President William Howard Taft was discarding Roosevelt's progressive policies

The first Jewish member of the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was

Louis D. Brandeis.

Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental approach to American foreign policy?

Moralistic

Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's fundamental overall approach to American foreign policy?

Moralistic

Which of the following best characterizes the attitude of the large majority of Americans to the outbreak of World War I in 1914?

Most Americans earnestly hoped to remain neutral and stay out of the war.

Activists in the anti-liquor campaigns saw saloons and alcohol as intimately linked with

None of these

Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines?

None of these were American ships.

The basic contrast between the two progressive candidates, Roosevelt and Wilson, was that

Roosevelt wanted the federal government to regulate the corporate economy and expand social welfare, while Wilson wanted to restore economic competition and social equality by breaking up large corporate trusts.

Which of the following represented President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico?

Seizing the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta

While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the

Square Deal

Wilson won the election of 1912 primarily because

Taft and Roosevelt split the former Republican vote.

Roosevelt finally decided to break with the Republicans and form a third party because

Taft had used his control of the Republican party machine to deny Roosevelt the nomination.

The Progressive Bull Moose party died when

Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916.

Which of the following had the most influence on America's growing trading with Britain and its reduction of trade with Germany during the period 1914-1916?

The British Navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes.

What prompted German submarines to begin sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships in the Atlantic during the early years of World War I?

The British naval blockade of Germany

Which of the following was not among the targets of muckraking journalistic exposés

The U.S. Army and Navy

What dangerous contingency did Germany attach to its Sussex pledge not to attack unarmed neutral shipping during the years of the war?

The United States would have to persuade the Allies to end their blockade of Germany or unrestricted submarine warfare would resume.

How did the Underwood Tariff Act reflect President Wilson's progressive goals?

The law lowered tariff rates and established the first graduated federal income tax.

What shortcoming in the U.S. economy did the panic of 1907 reveal?

The need for substantial reform of U.S. banking and currency policies

What critical authority was given to the Federal Reserve Board by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 to permit quasi-public management over the banking and currency system?

The power to issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates

Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he

announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president.

The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass

antisweatshop and workers' compensation laws for job injuries.

Wilson's general progressive support for the less fortunate in American society was weakened by his actively hostile policies toward

blacks.

After the Lusitania, Arabic, and Sussex sinkings, Wilson successfully pressured the German government to

cease from sinking neutral merchant and passenger ships without warning.

One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it

conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies.

According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most important and enduring achievement may have been

conserving American resources and protecting the environment.

Two issues that President Roosevelt especially promoted as part of his progressive policies were

consumer protection and conservation of nature.

As a result of his successful presidential campaign in 1908, William Howard Taft was widely expected to

continue and extend Theodore Roosevelt's progressive policies.

The case of Lochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because in its ruling, the Supreme Court

declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional.

Taft's "dollar diplomacy" ultimately failed to change American foreign policy because

disorder and revolt led to U.S. military intervention in Latin America despite massive financial aid

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included support for all of the following EXCEPT

dollar diplomacy

President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed

dollar diplomacy.

With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans

earnestly hoped to stay out of the war.

All of the following were targets of criticism by progressive social critics during the progressive era, 1890-1916, EXCEPT

efforts to assimilate and educate recent immigrants.

Difficulties in Mexico in the early 20th century affected the U.S. by

encouraging massive migration of Mexicans across the border.

The Elkins and Hepburn Acts were designed to

end corrupt and exploitative practices by the railroad trusts.

While president, Theodore Roosevelt

enhanced the power and prestige of the presidency.

Wilson effectively reformed the banking and financial system by

establishing a publicly controlled Federal Reserve Board to issue currency and control credit.

The Underwood Tariff Act and the Sixteenth Amendment reflected Wilson's progressive goals by

establishing the first graduated federal income tax.

Besides prohibiting anticompetitive business practices, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act broke new ground by

exempting labor unions and agricultural cooperatives from antitrust prosecution.

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that

female workers required special rules and protection on the job.

As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the following except

guaranteed recognition of labor unions.

Roosevelt was blamed by big business for the Panic of 1907 because

his progressive boat-rocking tactics had allegedly unsettled industry and undermined business confidence.

German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning

in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany

Among the political reforms sought by the progressives were

initiative and referendum, direct election of senators, and women's suffrage.

The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they

introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.

The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to

issue paper money and increase or decrease the amount of money in circulation by altering interest rates.

The 1912 presidential election was notable because

it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies.

General Pershing's expedition into Mexico was sent in direct response to the

killing of American citizens in New Mexico by Pancho Villa.

The Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was a key progressive reform designed to

make Senators directly elected and end the Senate millionaire's club.

Theodore Roosevelt is probably most accurately described as a(n)

middle-of-the-road reformer.

According to progressives, the cure for all of American democracy's ills was

more democracy.

The Roosevelt-backed Elkins Act and Hepburn Act were aimed at

more effective regulation of the railroad industry.

All of the following are true statements about Mexicans who settled in the area known as the borderlands except

most were single men without families.

All of the following political, economic, or social reform initiatives were connected to the progressive movement EXCEPT

nationalizing the railroads and utilities in the United States.

In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised

not to sink passenger ships without warning.

As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a

passionate reformer.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first ____ elected to the presidency since the Civil War.

person born in the South

When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the

plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry.

According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was

progressivism.

The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of the following practices EXCEPT

prohibiting sale of stocks without full disclosure.

The real purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on trusts was to

prove that the democratic federal government, not private business, governed the United States

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 accomplished all of the following EXCEPT

providing long-term legal protection for unions to engage in organizing, collective bargaining, and strike activities.

The Newlands Act, passed under Theodore Roosevelt's administration, was designed to

reclaim and irrigate unproductive lands.

Wilson's initial attitude toward the Mexican revolutionary government was to

refuse recognition of General Huerta's regime but avoid American intervention.

President Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following EXCEPT

scorn for the ability of peoples in other countries to govern themselves

President Wilson's first direct use of American military forces in revolutionary Mexico occurred when he

seized the Mexican port of Vera Cruz to prevent German delivery of arms to President Huerta.

Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct a strongly anti-imperialist U. S. foreign policy were first undermined when he

sent American marines to Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

During his presidency, Teddy Roosevelt did all of the following except

substantially weaken corporate capitalism.

When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt's name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it

symbolized the rising political status of women and the movement for social justice.

Wilson's primary weakness as a politician was his

tendency to be inflexible and refuse to compromise.

From 1914 to 1916, America's growing trade with Britain and loss of trade with Germany essentially occurred because

the British navy controlled the Atlantic shipping lanes.

The religious movement that was closely linked to progressivism was

the Social Gospel.

The dangerous proviso that Germany attached to its Sussex pledge not to attack unarmed neutral shipping was the requirement that

the United States would have to persuade the Allies to end their blockade of Germany or submarine warfare would be resumed.

The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was

the Women's Christian Temperance Union

The multiple-use conservationists generally believed that

the environment could be effectively protected without shutting it off to human use.

Immediately before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been serving as

the governor of New Jersey

The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking and currency system through the great authority given to

the presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board.

The "triple wall of privilege" that Wilson set out to reform consisted of

the tariffs, the banks, and the trusts.

Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of

their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.

Historians attempting to define who the progressives were have reached all of the following (and varying) conclusions except

they were rabble-rousing foreigners who sought to change the American system.

Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by

threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops.

All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except

treating women in the workplace exactly the same as men.

Progressive Republicans grew deeply disillusioned with Taft, especially over the issues of

trust-busting, tariffs, and conservation.

The first people to work toward preserving nature and the environment were

typically members of the upper classes.

Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled The Shame of the Cities

unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government.

The Supreme Court case of Muller v. Oregon was seen as a victory for both progressivism and women's rights because it

upheld the constitutionality of state laws granting special protections to women in the workplace.

Most progressives were

urban middle-class people.

As president, William Howard Taft

was wedded more to the status quo than to progressive change.

When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the

working class and former Progressive Bull Moose party members.

President Theodore Roosevelt ended the major Pennsylvania coal strike by

forcing the mine owners and workers to negotiate by threatening to seize the coal mines and operate them with federal troops.

Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was

governmental efficiency.

Activists, scholars and politicians mused about why socialism did not take hold in America, giving all of the following as reasons except

law and government policy prevented workers from uniting and protesting.

The Supreme Court ruling in the business and labor case of Lochner v. New York did NOT represent a

legal victory for the efforts of progressives and labor advocates to institute maximum hour laws for workers.

Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to

make the public aware of social problems.

When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that

money for lending was inelastic and heavily concentrated in New York City

The central provisions of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act

outlawed corporate interlocking directorates and price discrimination against different purchasers.

In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he

personally delivered his presidential State of the Union address to Congress.

To secure passage of the Underwood Tariff Bill, Woodrow broke new ground by

personally presenting his case to Congress and arousing public opinion.

President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of ____ trusts.

regulating

The Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914 to address all of these practices except

sale of stocks without full disclosure of a business's organization and profits.

Prominent among those who aroused the progressive movement by stirring the public's sense of concern were

socialists, social gospelers, women, and muckraking journalists.

Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism

supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business.

The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government

was designed to remove politics from municipal administration.

Teddy Roosevelt believed that large corporate trusts

were bad only if they acted as monopolies against the public interest.

Woodrow Wilson showed the limits of his progressivism by

accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy.

While outlawing business monopolies, the Clayton Anti-Trust Act created exemptions from antitrust prosecution for

agricultural and labor organizations.

What was the actual purpose of Teddy Roosevelt's assault on bad trusts?

To prove that the federal government, and not private business, governed the United States

The Panic of 1907 exposed the need for substantial reform in

U.S. banking and currency policies.

Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was inspired by the publication of

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle.

Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by

Victoriano Huerta.

Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because

William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's progressive policies.

Which statement best describes the contrasts between Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism progressivism?

Wilson's New Freedom emphasized small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets; Roosevelt's New Nationalism favored continued consolidation of the trusts and labor unions supplemented by the growth of federal regulatory agencies.

The states where progressivism first gained great influence were

Wisconsin, Oregon, and California.

Which of the following events is a result of the other four?

Woodrow Wilson wins the presidential election of 1912

Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except

a belief that compromise was necessary to be an effective leader.

By 1910, all of the following were true about women's efforts to gain the vote except

a federal amendment granting the right to vote was about to be passed.

The controversy over the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park revealed

a philosophical disagreement between wilderness preservationists and more moderate multiple-use conservationists.

Under the Wilson administration, Congress exercised the authority granted by the newly enacted Sixteenth Amendment to pass

a progressive federal income tax.

Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable when surrounded by

academic scholars.

What laws or regulations did the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist fire prompt states to pass?

Antisweatshop and workers' compensation laws for job injuries

Which statement most accurately characterizes a key belief of advocates of political progressivism during this era?

Progressive political reforms such as the secret ballot, referendum and recall, and limits on political contributions from corporate interests would curb the excesses of industrial and finance capitalism and stave off socialism in the United States

The Supreme Court's rule of reason in antitrust law was handed down in a case involving

Standard Oil.

Why were the settlement house and women's club movements considered crucial centers of female progressive activity?

They introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns.

How did the muckrakers signify the ideological nature of the progressive reform movement?

They trusted that media exposures of political corruption and economic exploitation could reform capitalism rather than overthrow it

How did muckrakers in the early twentieth century use tactics employed by the "yellow press" in the late nineteenth century?

They wrote scandalous articles for widely published magazines revealing the ills in American society.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included all of the following except a call for

dollar diplomacy.

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom

favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the busting of monopolies.

The real heart of the progressive movement was the effort by reformers to

use the government as an agency of human welfare

The two primary goals of the progressive movement, as a whole, were to

use the state to curb monopoly power and improve the lives of ordinary people.

Progressivism

was closely tied to the feminist movement and women's causes