Chapter 29 HIS 102, Chapter 28 HIS 102
In 1992, Francis Fukuyama declared that the world had arrived at
"the end of history"
What was the policy of détente that Social Democrats in Europe pursued?
A progressive relaxation of Cold War tensions
In 1979, the United States and western Europe were appalled by the Soviet Union's invasion of
Afghanistan
How was the Tet Offensive, launched by the Vietcong in January 1968, perceived in the United States?
As a sign that the war was not close to ending
How did the Soviet Union and eastern European communist regimes treat displaced persons returning home after the war?
As politically unreliable because of their exposure to western European society
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Spain faced an insurgent movement that used terrorism from
Basque separatists
How did Britain pursue different social policies than most of western European nations in the postwar era?
Britain instituted a cradle-to-grave welfare state.
Which of the following best describes Eastern Bloc living standards in the 1970s?
Eastern Bloc living standards were well below those in the West but well above those in the developing world.
In 1954, Vietnam obtained independence from
France
Why did the Council of Europeans fail to evolve into a European parliament with sovereign rights?
Great Britain consistently opposed conceding any real political power and sovereignty to the council.
How did the pied noirs complicate the experience of decolonization in Algeria?
Having lived in Algeria for several generations, these European Algerians threatened revolt against France if France did not oppose the Islamic independence movement.
How did Charles de Gaulle undermine the student revolt in 1968?
He granted workplace reforms to the worker allies of the students, which led those workers to abandon the rebellion and return to work.
Which of the following best describes Boris Yeltsin's role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union?
He was a radical reform communist who embraced the democratic movement and led Russia to declare independence from the Soviet Union
How was the revolution in Romania in 1989 different from the revolutions in the rest of eastern Europe?
In Romania, the revolution became violent and bloody when communist leaders ordered security forces to slaughter thousands.
Which of the following best characterizes the results of the Marshall Plan?
It was one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history, preventing economic collapse in western Europe.
How did the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl build support for German reunification in East Germany?
Kohl offered the East Germans an economically advantageous swap of East German currency for West German currency.
How did Mao Zedong gain the support of the peasantry in China?
Mao promised to expropriate land from the large landowners.
From the 1960s through the 1990s, violence re-emerged against British authority in
Northern Ireland.
What was the consequence of Roosevelt's agreement with Stalin at the Teheran Conference that the British-American armies would launch a frontal assault on France?
Only Soviet troops would liberate eastern Europe.
How did Big Science foster the Green Revolution?
Research into agriculture greatly increased the world food supply, using fewer workers and more productivity per acre.
All of the following correctly describe decolonization of the Belgian Congo except
The Congolese political leaders promoted a Marxist agenda that included the confiscation of all lands and mineral wealth.
Why was West Germany allowed to build an army after 1955?
The German army would permit Germany to defend itself from attack by the Soviet Union
Which of the following best characterizes the New Left movement?
The New Left movement called for a more humanitarian style of socialism that would avoid the worst excesses of capitalism or Soviet-style communism.
How did the Soviet Union initially organize the eastern European nations as it threw out pro-Nazi regimes?
The Soviet Union created coalition governments of leftist political parties but reserved key government posts for Moscow-trained communists.
What did the Korean War demonstrate about Cold War relations?
The United States and Soviet Union would avoid open conflict in Europe but would engage in open conflict elsewhere in the world.
Why did OPEC declare an oil embargo on the United States in 1973?
The United States had aided Israel in its war with Egypt and Syria in 1973.
How did the United States respond to the decolonization movement?
The United States had long opposed empire and encouraged European nations to let go of their former colonies.
Which of the following best characterizes the East German government's response to the nationwide demonstrations against poor wages and working conditions in 1953?
The government permitted Soviet troops to put down the revolt, jailed demonstrators, but then instituted reforms to respond to the demonstrators' strongest demands.
How did Helmut Kohl's neoliberal policies in Germany in the 1980s affect the Germany economy?
The policies increased unemployment in heavy industry but led to solid economic growth.
What did the era of Stagflation in the 1970s demonstrate about the social welfare states in Western Europe?
The welfare state was capable of preventing mass suffering and sustaining political stability and democracy
What did the leaders of the Prague Spring hope to accomplish in Czechoslovakia?
To replace rigid bureaucratic planning with local decision making by trade unions, managers, and consumers
What was Mikhail Gorbachev's goal in bringing reforms to Russia?
To revitalize the Soviet system in order to save it
The neoliberal policies of the 1980s promoted all of the following except
adoption of the gold standard for currency.
Advocates of women's rights in the United States and Europe pushed for all of the following workplace reforms except
affirmative action
The ultimate goal of the plan for an international organization to coordinate coal and steel production in Europe was to
bind the members of the Common Market so closely that war would be unthinkable.
Popular music in the 1960s championed
countercultural lifestyles.
In Great Britain, Margaret Thatcher's efforts to encourage low- and moderate-income renters to buy their apartments
created a new class of property owners.
Changes in the structure of European society after World War II were primarily the result of
economic and technological transformation.
In the 1950s and 1960s, what became the basic objective of all western European governments?
economic growth
The advancement in military weaponry and the space race
fostered a revolution in computer technology.
Following his election to the U.S. presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon
gradually disengaged America from Vietnam.
The growth of the middle class in the postwar era has been attributed primarily to
increased demand for experts and managers.
The weakness of Big Science was
its high cost.
In the 1970s, the new ecologists sought to lessen the effects of industrial development on the natural environment and
link environmental issues to issues of poverty, inequality, and violence.
The attempted coup by the communist old guard in the Soviet Union in August 1991 failed because of
massive popular resistance, rallied around Boris Yeltsin.
Poland differed from the other Eastern Bloc states because
of its independent agriculture and vigorous church.
The Helsinki agreement of 1975 called for
respect for human rights and the recognition of existing political boundaries.
After World War II, the Soviet Union
returned to the rigid dictatorship of the 1930s.
The wave of social unrest that almost toppled de Gaulle's Fifth Republic was begun by
students.
Khrushchev's de-Stalinization campaign included all of the following except
the Communist party permitted elections at the local level from among competing communist candidates for office
By the time of the Yalta Conference, the position of the Soviet Union was much stronger in negotiations with the United States and Great Britain for all of the following reasons except
the Soviet Union had developed the technology to detonate a nuclear warhead.
The 1970s marked the arrival of a broad-based feminist movement for all of the following reasons except
the development of tools of mass communication.
The goals of the Treaty of Rome in 1957 included all of the following except
the elimination of borders
Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring sought to expose
the rampant overuse of pesticides.
During the 1950s, the Christian Democrats across Europe endorsed all of the following positions except
they supported socialist economic policies
The essence of Willy Brandt's policies toward the Eastern Bloc was
to seek peace and reconciliation.
Following the failure of his program of nationalization and public investment in the early 1980s, French president François Mitterrand
was forced to introduce austerity measures.
Jews in Palestine proclaimed the state of Israel
when the British withdrew from Palestine in 1948.
All of the following correctly state the experience of women in the socialist systems of the Eastern Bloc countries of the 1970's except
women came to dominate the judicial system as lawyers and judges